Cardiomyopathy is a disease that affects the structure and function of the heart muscle. There are three main types: dilated cardiomyopathy which enlarges the heart ventricles, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy which causes thickening of the heart muscle, and restrictive cardiomyopathy which stiffens the heart muscle. Causes include genetics, infections, hypertension, alcohol use, and other factors. Symptoms vary depending on the type but can include fatigue, shortness of breath, irregular heartbeats, and fluid buildup. Diagnosis involves examinations, tests like echocardiograms, and biopsies. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms with medications, surgery in some cases, and lifestyle changes.

1. CARDIOMYOPATHY
Prepared By: Mihir Patel
Lecturer,Joitiba College of Nursing,Bhandu.

2. Definition
Cardiomyopathy constitutes a group of diseases that
directly affect the structural or functional ability of
the myocardium.
OR
Cardiomyopathy is an enlargement of the heart
Muscle.

3. Types of Cardiomyopathy
The World Health Organization has classified into
three major Types:
1.Dilated Cardiomyopathy
2.Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
3.Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

4. Cont…..
1.Dilated Cardiomyopathy
In the dilated cardiomyopathy the size of the ventricular
cavity enlarges with reduced cardiac output. Contractile
function decrease as the myocardial tissues is destroyed.
Blood moves slowly from the left ventricle which often
result in blood clot formation.

5. Cont…
2.Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy is the enlargement of the
cardiac muscle wall often of the septum and left ventricle.
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy causes the ventricular wall to
be rigid which decrease ventricular filling.

6. Cont….
3.Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
Restrictive cardiomyopathy impairs ventricle stretch and
limits ventricular filling. Cardiac muscle stiffness is present
with no ventricular dilation.

7. Causes/Etiology
1.Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Genetics
Infectious Myocarditis
Hypertension
Heart Valve Disorders
Myocardial Infraction
Chronic Alcohol/ Cocaine Use
Neuromuscular Disorders

8. Cont….
2.Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Genetic Factors
Hereditary Disorders
3.Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
Amyloidosis
Radiation to the thorax
Endocardial Fibrosis

9. Pathophysiology
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic Left Ventricular Restrictive
Cardiomyopathy Function impaired Cardiomyopathy
Blood Stasis in Heart Chambers
Heart Failure

10. Clinical Manifestation
1.Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Decreased exercise capacity
Fatigue, Dyspnea
Orthopnea
Irregular heart rate
Abnormal S3 and S4
Jugular Venous Distension
Hepatomegaly
Murmur

11. Cont…
2.Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Fatigue
Anginal Pain
Syncope
Atrial Fibrillation
Ventricular Fibrillation
3.Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
Fatigue, Exercise Tolerance, Dyspnea, Syncope,
Orthopnea, Palpitation, Hepatomegaly, Jugular Venous
Distension.

12. Diagnostic Evaluation
History Collection
Physical Examination
Chest X-ray
ECG
Cardiac Catheterization
Blood Test
Echocardiography
CT Scan
Endocardial Biopsy

13. Management
Medical Management
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
Beta Blockers
Diuretics
Digoxin
Surgical Management
Myectomy (Hypertrophied Muscle)
Cardiac Transplant
Surgical Correction

14. Nursing Management
Maintain Normal Cardiac Function, Increasing activity
tolerance, relieve anxiety.
Monitor for any complication
Monitoring vital signs and symptoms of heart failure.
Advice to take proper nutrition
Provide emotional support and relieve anxiety
Avoid the sternous exercise and dehydration