Carbon exists in several allotropes including diamond, graphite, fullerenes, and carbon nanotubes. Fullerenes are hollow spherical or cylindrical molecules made entirely of carbon atoms arranged in hexagonal and pentagonal rings. Carbon nanotubes are cylindrical tubes composed of graphene sheets that are rolled up, and can be single-walled or multi-walled depending on the number of concentric tubes. Carbon nanotubes have extraordinary mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties that make them useful for applications such as conductive composites, energy storage, field emission displays, and reinforced materials many times stronger than steel.

1. D.AKSHAYA
B.TECH IT-A

2.  An allotrope of carbon
 Allotrope- different structural form of the
same element(here carbon)
 Fullerene family-entirely made of carbon
 Rolled-graphene structures

3. carbon
Diamond Graphite Fullerene

5.  Diamond-carbon
atoms
tetrahedrally
linked covalent
bonds in -3D
 Hybridisation- sp3
 Non-conductor
 Graphite-
Hexagonally linked
carbon atoms
 Hybridisation-sp2
 Conductor-as it
contains unpaired
electrons
3

6.  They are molecules composed entirely of
carbon, which take the form of a hollow
sphere, ellipsoid, or tube. Spherical
fullerenes are sometimes called buckyballs,
while cylindrical fullerenes are called
buckytubes or nanotubes.

7. Spherical in shape .A ball with 32
faces. Of the 32 faces, 12 pentagons and
20 hexagons . Looks exactly like a soccer
ball(FOOTBALL)

8.  Carbon nano tubes- name is derived from their size, since
the diameter of a nanotube is of the order of a
few nanometers (1/50,000 times the width of a human
hair) while they can be up to several centimeters in length

9. No.of sheets
rolled
• Single walled-CNT(SWNT)
• Multi walled-CNT(MWNT)
Direction of
rolling
• Zig-zag
• Arm-chair
• Chiral

10.  SWNT-single sheet
of graphene
 MWNT- multiple
sheets of graphene
rolled about a
common axis(i.e
concentric circles)

12. ELECTRICAL
•The direction of
rolling determines
the electrical
properties
•Arm chair-
metallic(conducting)
•Chiral CNT-
semiconducting
•Generally CNT-1/3
metallic and 2/3
semiconducting
properties in CNT
•The band gap is
inversely is
proportional to its
diameter
(semiconducting
MECHANICAL
• The Young's
modulus is over 1
Tera Pascal
(Larger the young’s
modulus, lesser is
the stability)
•It is stiff as
diamond
•The estimated
tensile strength is
200 Giga Pascal
•It is 10 times
stronger than steel
OPTICAL
•Efficiently absorbs-
uv,visible and IR
rays-used in solar
panels
•Absorption of
electromagnetic
waves especially
microwaves helps
enhancing stealth
characteristics of
military vehicles
&aircrafts

13.  Textiles-water proof &tear resistant fabrics
 Combat jackets/body armour-bullet proof
wears
 Constructions-CNT bridges replacing steel
suspensions
 As super-conductors,diodes,transistors
 As capacitors-to increase charging ability
 BUCKY PAPER-250 times stronger than steel &
10 times lighter than it-used as “Faraday
cage” to protect airplanes, electric devices

14. FIELD OF MEDICINE
 Artificial muscles-sufficient contractility
 Scaffold materials for osteoblast
proliferation and bone formation
Other uses:
 Air pollution filter
 Desalination of water-Reverse Osmosis
 POLYETHYLENE+CNT- elastic modulus > 30%
 Hydrogen storage 65% by weight