These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to analyze improvements in the economic feasibility of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for transparent electrodes and flywheels. Improvements in the transparency and cost of CNTs are enabling CNTs to replace indium tin oxide in applications such as solar cells and displays. Second, as the cost of CNTs falls through improvements in processes and increases in the scale of equipment, they will become economically feasible for flywheels. Since the energy storage density of flywheels is directly proportional to the strength to weight ration of the flywheel material, CNTs (and graphene) have potential energy storage densities that are ten times the current energy storage densities of carbon fiber-based flywheels and Li-ion batteries. This means that carbon nanotubes are an important tool in the battle against fossil-fuel dependency and global warming.
Super Capacitor by NITIN GUPTA
NITIN GUPTA,CEO/FOUNDER/OWNER at "TECH POINT"
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It's about Conducting Polymers their history and the latest discovery in the field with their application. And the future scope of the conducting Polymer. Here you will find all in one place.
Ultracapacitors can be defined as a energy storage device that stores energy electrostatically by polarizing an electrolytic solution.
Unlike batteries no chemical reaction takes place when energy is being stored or discharged and so ultracapacitors can go through hundreds of thousands of charging cycles with no degradation.
Ultracapacitors are also known as double-layer capacitors or supercapacitors.
In this PowerPoint presentation, we present:
- The challenges of second life electric vehicle batteries
- Current end-of-life processes
- Future end-of-life needs
- Future reuse and recycling
- Case studies
- Environmental impacts of end-of-life stage
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) are promising contender as the next generation energy source because of their striking features including high energy density, low operating temperature, easy scale up and zero environmental pollution.
Carbon nanotubes and their economic feasibilityJeffrey Funk
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to analyze how the economic feasibility of carbon nanotubes is becoming better through developing new forms of carbon nanotubes, new methods of synthesis, and increasing the scale of production equipment. New forms of carbon nanotubes continue to be developed; new ones include carbon nanobuds, doped carbon nanotubes, and graphenated carbon nanotubes, each of which includes many variations. The large number of variations suggests that carbon nanotubes will likely experience improvements in performance and the number of applications will continue to grow.
Super Capacitor by NITIN GUPTA
NITIN GUPTA,CEO/FOUNDER/OWNER at "TECH POINT"
Here's Channel Link
PLEASE SUBSCRIBE Our channel TECH POINT ..
FOLLOW US ON TWITTER:https://twitter.com/Nitin_TECHPOINT
Follow us on Facebook:https://www.facebook.com/NitinGupta1054.Official.PSIT
Follow us on Instagram:https://www.instagram.com/nitingupta_official
SUBSCRIBE Our channel:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCj3XVydYG3oPVJeZscU4NIg?sub_confirmation=1
It's about Conducting Polymers their history and the latest discovery in the field with their application. And the future scope of the conducting Polymer. Here you will find all in one place.
Ultracapacitors can be defined as a energy storage device that stores energy electrostatically by polarizing an electrolytic solution.
Unlike batteries no chemical reaction takes place when energy is being stored or discharged and so ultracapacitors can go through hundreds of thousands of charging cycles with no degradation.
Ultracapacitors are also known as double-layer capacitors or supercapacitors.
In this PowerPoint presentation, we present:
- The challenges of second life electric vehicle batteries
- Current end-of-life processes
- Future end-of-life needs
- Future reuse and recycling
- Case studies
- Environmental impacts of end-of-life stage
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) are promising contender as the next generation energy source because of their striking features including high energy density, low operating temperature, easy scale up and zero environmental pollution.
Carbon nanotubes and their economic feasibilityJeffrey Funk
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to analyze how the economic feasibility of carbon nanotubes is becoming better through developing new forms of carbon nanotubes, new methods of synthesis, and increasing the scale of production equipment. New forms of carbon nanotubes continue to be developed; new ones include carbon nanobuds, doped carbon nanotubes, and graphenated carbon nanotubes, each of which includes many variations. The large number of variations suggests that carbon nanotubes will likely experience improvements in performance and the number of applications will continue to grow.
A flywheel, in essence is a mechanical battery - simply a mass rotating about an axis.Flywheels store energy mechanically in the form of kinetic energy.They take an electrical input to accelerate the rotor up to speed by using the built-in motor, and return the electrical energy by using this same motor as a generator.Flywheels are one of the most promising technologies for replacing conventional lead acid batteries as energy storage systems.
This presentation provides an overview of NASA's Science Mission Directorate that carries out the agency's missions for Earth science, heliophysics, astrophysics, and planetary sciences.
http://science.nasa.gov/
Carbon nanotubes and their economic feasibilityJeffrey Funk
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to analyze how the economic feasibility of carbon nanotubes is becoming better through the emergence of new forms of carbon nanotubes, new methods of synthesis, and the increased scale of production equipment. New forms of carbon nanotubes continue to be developed; new ones include carbon nanobuds, doped carbon nanotubes, and graphenated carbon nanotubes, each of which includes many variations. The large number of variations suggests that carbon nanotubes will likely experience improvements in performance and the number of applications will continue to grow.
CNTFET Based Analog and Digital Circuit Designing: A ReviewIJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Silicon has been a material of choice for the last many decades and more than 95% of electronics devices are from silicon. However, silicon has reached to its saturation level and extracting more and more performance is difficult and costly now. A new material which has a potential to replace Si and can extend the scalability of devices below 22 nm is the carbon nanotube (CNT). CNT is a wonderful material possesses unique properties that make it a promising future material. CNT based field effect transistor (Cntfet) is a promising basic building block to complement the existing silicon based MOSFET and can result in the extension of the validity of Moore's law further. CNTFT has been used extensively in realizing electronics circuits. This paper presents the state of the art literature related to carbon nanotubes, carbon nanotube field effect transistors and CNTFET based circuit designing. A review of Cntfet based analog and digital circuits has been presented. It has been observed that the use of CNTFET has improved the performance of both analog and digital circuits. The work will be very useful to the people working in the field of CNT based analog and digital circuit designing.
REPLACING COPPER WITH NEW CARBON NANOMATERIALS IN ELECTRICAL MACHINE WINDINGATHUL RAJ.R
This ppt is based on the following link article. https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwj-hrvrw-nPAhWKvRoKHZW8B4AQFggcMAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.doria.fi%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F10024%2F104337%2FReplacing%2520copper%2520with%2520new%2520carbon.pdf&usg=AFQjCNE9g0YA-Cnd1-Ru7mcc3OGixsh2-A&bvm=bv.136499718,d.d2s
Different Generation Solar Cells
CIGS and CZTS Based Technology
Ink Based Technology
CIGS Device Structure
Making more efficient solar cells
Developing thin film technologies using alternative less costly materials and methods
Incorporate innovative cheaper deposition methods such as electrodeposition and printing technology
Effect of Chirality and Oxide Thikness on the Performance of a Ballistic CNTF...IJECEIAES
Since the discovery of 1D nano-object, they are constantly revealing significant physical properties. In this regard, carbon nanotube (CNT) is considered as a promising candidate for application in future nanoelectronics devices like carbon nanotube field effect transistor (CNTFET). In this work, the impact of chirality and gate oxide thikness on the electrical characteristics of a CNTFET are studied. The chiralities used are (5, 0), (10, 0), (19, 0), (26, 0), and the gate oxide thikness varied from 1 to 5 nm. This work is based on a numerical simulation program based on surface potential model. CNTFET Modeling is useful for semiconductor industries for nano scale devices manufacturing. From our results we have observed that the output current increases with chirality increasing. We have also highlighted the importance of the gate oxide thickness on the drain current that increases when gate oxide is thin.
Conformal electronics and their economic feasiblityJeffrey Funk
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to analyze how the economic feasibility of conformal electronics is becoming better through using thinner materials, an island-bridge design, and Moore’s Law. The island-bridge design is a mesh of islands containing somewhat rigid components that are connected by mesh of stretchable materials. This enables electronics to be more effectively used in space-restricted places, in skin patches, and next to human organs. Transfer printing, which is a form of roll-to roll printing, enables the costs to be relatively low.
The "Unproductive Bubble:" Unprofitable startups, small markets for new digit...Jeffrey Funk
This article will show that the current bubble has produced few profitable startups and involved few if any new digital technologies, nor technologies involving recent scientific advances, and thus it is unlikely that much that is productive will be left once the dust settles. There is a growth in old technologies such as e-commerce but little in new technologies such as AI. The startup losses are also much larger than in the past suggesting that fewer of today’s startups will still exist in a few years than those of 20 years ago.
Commercialization of Science: What has changed and what can be done to revit...Jeffrey Funk
This paper several changes that I believe may have reduced America’s ability to develop science-based technologies. I make no claims about the completeness. I begin with the growth of university research and then cover several changes it engendered, including an obsession with papers, hyper-specialization of researchers, and huge bureaucracies, also using the words of Nobel Laureates and other scientists to make my points.
2000, 2008, 2022: It is hard to avoid the parallels How Big Will the 2022 S...Jeffrey Funk
These slides summarize the recent share price declines for new startups, declines that are driven by huge annual and cumulative losses and it contrasts today's bubble with those of 2000 and 2008. It shows that today's bubble involves bigger startup losses than those of the 2000 bubble and that the markets of new technologies have not grown to the extent that those of past decades did. Many hedge funds, VCs, and pension funds are heavily invested in these startups. Some of them are also highly leveraged.
The Slow Growth of AI: The State of AI and Its ApplicationsJeffrey Funk
The failure of IBM Watson, disappointments of self-driving vehicles, slow diffusion of medical imaging, small markets for AI software, and scorching criticisms of Google’s research papers provide evidence for hype and disappointment in AI, which is consistent with negative social impact of Big Data and AI algorithms. There are some successes, but they are much smaller than the predictions, with virtual applications (advertising, news, retail sales, finance and e-commerce) having the largest success, building from previous Big Data usage in the past. Looking forward, AI will augment not replace workers just as past technologies did on farms, factories, and offices. Robotic process automation and natural language processing are likely to play important roles in this augmentation with RPA automating repetitive work, natural language processing summarizing information, and RPA also putting the information in the right bins for engineers, accountants, researchers, journalists, and lawyers. Big challenges include reductions in training time depending on faster computers, exponentially rising demands on computers for high accuracies in image recognition, a slowdown in supercomputer improvements, datasets riddled with errors, and reproducibility problems.
Behind the Slow Growth of AI: Failed Moonshots, Unprofitable Startups, Error...Jeffrey Funk
Smaller than expected markets, money-losing startups, failure of Watson, slow-diffusion of self-driving vehicles and medical imaging, and scorching criticisms of Google’s research papers are some of the examples used to characterize the hype of AI. There are some successes, but they are much smaller than the predictions, with advertising, news, and e-commerce having the biggest success stories. Looking forward, #AI will augment not replace workers just as past technologies did on farms, factories, and offices. Robotic process automation and natural language processing are likely to play important roles in this augmentation with #RPA automating repetitive work, natural language processing categorizing information, and RPA also putting the information in the right bins for engineers, accountants, researchers, journalists, and lawyers. The big challenges include exponentially rising demands on computers for high accuracies in images, a slowdown in supercomputer improvements, datasets riddled with errors, and reproducibility problems. See either this podcast or my slides, whose URL is shown in comments. #technolgy #innovation #venturecapital #ipo #artificialintelligence
The Troubled Future of Startups and Innovation: Webinar for London FuturistsJeffrey Funk
These slides show how the most successful startups of today (Unicorns) are not doing as well as the most successful of 20 to 50 years ago. Today's startups are doing worse in terms of time to profitability and time to top 100 market capitalization status. Only one Unicorn founded since 2000 has achieved top 100 market capitalization status while six, nine, and eight from the 70s, 80s, and 90s did so. It is also unlikely that few or any of today's Unicorns will achieve this status because their market capitalizations are too low, share prices increases since IPO are too small, and profits remain elusive. Only 14 of 45 had share price increases greater than the Nasdaq and only 6 of 45 had profits in 2019. The reasons for the worse performance of today's Unicorns than those of 20 to 50 years ago include no breakthrough technologies, hyper-growth strategies, and the targeting of regulated industries. The slides conclude with speculations on why few breakthrough technologies, including science-based technologies from universities are emerging. We need to think back to the division of labor that existed a half a century ago.
Where are the Next Googles and Amazons? They should be here by nowJeffrey Funk
Great startups aren’t being founded like they were in the 1970s (Microsoft, Apple, Oracle, Genentech, Home Depot, EMC), 1980s (Cisco, Dell, Adobe, Qualcomm, Amgen, Gilead Sciences), and 1990s (Amazon, Google, Netflix, Salesforce.com, PayPal). All of these startups reached the top 100 for market capitalization, but Facebook is the only startup founded since 2000 which has entered the top 100. Tesla and Uber are often discussed as highly successful but they have many times higher cumulative losses than did Amazon at its time of peak losses and neither has had a profitable year despite being older than Amazon was when it achieved profits. Furthermore, few of the recent Unicorn IPOs have experienced shareprice increases greater than those of the Nasdaq (14 of 45), only 3 of these 14 have profits, and only six of them have a
market capitalization over $30 (Zoom), $20 (Square), and $10 billion (Twilio, DocuSign, Okta). America’s venture capital system isn’t working as well as it once did, and the coronavirus will make things worse before the VC system gets better.
Start-up losses are mounting and innovation is slowing, but venture capitalists, entrepreneurs, consultants, university researchers, and business schools are hyping new technologies more than ever before. This hype is facilitated by changes in online media, including the rise of social media. This paper describes how the professional incentives of experts and the changes in online media have increased hype and how this hype makes it harder for policy makers, managers, scientists, engineers, professors, and students to understand new technologies and make good decisions. We need less hype and more level-headed economic analysis and this paper describes how this economic analysis can be done. Here is a link to the journal, Issues in Science & Technology: www.issues.org
Irrational Exuberance: A Tech Crash is ComingJeffrey Funk
These slides apply Nobel Laureate Robert Schiller's concept of irrational exuberance (and a book) title to the current speculative bubble of 2019. Over investments in startups and a lack of profitability in them are finally starting to catch up with the venture capital industry and the tech sector that relies on it. Investments by US venture capitalists have risen about six times since 2001 causing the total invested in 2018 to exceed by 40% the peak of 2000, the last big year of the dotcom bubble. But the number of IPOs has never returned to the peak years of 1993 to 2000; only about 250 were carried out between 2015 and 2017 vs. about 1,200 between 1995 and 1997.
The reason is simple: startups are taking longer to go public because they are not profitable. Consider the data. The median time to IPO has risen from 2.8 years in 1998 to 7.7 years in 2016 and the ones going public are less profitable than they were in the past. Although only 22% of startups going public in 1980 were unprofitable, 82% were unprofitable in 2018. The same high percentages of unprofitability have only been achieved twice before, in 1998 and 1999 right before the dotcom bubble burst. Furthermore, startups that have recently done high profile IPOs such as Snap, Dropbox, Blue Apron, Fitbit, Trivago, Box, and Cloudera are still not profitable.
Ride Sharing, Congestion, and the Need for Real SharingJeffrey Funk
Current ride sharing services are not financially sustainable. Although they provide more convenience than do taxi services, they are experiencing massive losses because they have the same cost structure as do taxis and thus must compete through subsidies and lower wages. After all, they use the same vehicles, roads, and drivers, and only GPS algorithms and phones are new.
They also increase congestion. Just as more private vehicles or taxis on the road will increase congestion, more ride sharing vehicles also increase congestion.
These slides describe new ways to use the technologies of ride sharing to reduce congestion along with costs while at the same time keeping travel time low. This can be done through changing public transportation systems or allowing private companies to offer competing services. For instance, current bus services, whether they are private or public, need to use the algorithms, GPS, phones and other technologies of ride sharing to revise routes, schedules and the premises that currently underpin public transportation. There is no reason a bus should be certain size, stop every 200 meters, or follow the same route all day. Algorithms and phones enable new types of routes in which designers simultaneously minimize time travel and maximize number of passengers transported per vehicle.hour.
Using the percent of top managers in IPOs (initial public offering) as a proxy for an industry’s/technology’s scientific intensity, this paper shows that the percentage of IPOs and of venture capital financing for science-based technologies has been declining for decades. Second, the percentage of PhDs among the top managers in science intensive industries is also declining, suggesting that their scientific intensities are falling. Third, the age of these top managers rose during the same period suggesting that the importance of experiential knowledge has increased even as the importance of PhDs and thus educational knowledge has decreased. Fourth, the numbers of IPOs and of venture capital funding are not increasing for newer science-based industries such as superconductors, solar cells, nanotechnology, and GMOs. Fifth, there are extreme diseconomies of scale in the universities that produce the PhD-holding top managers, suggesting that universities are far less effective at doing research than are companies. These results provide a new understanding of science and technology, and they offer new prescriptions for reversing slowing productivity growth.
This paper addresses the types of knowledge that are needed in entrepreneurial firms using a unique data base of executives and directors for all IPOs filed between 1990 and 2010. Using highest educational degrees as a proxy for educational knowledge, it shows that 85% of those with PhDs are concentrated in the life sciences and ICT (information and communication technology) industries and second, that those in the ICT industries are concentrated at lower layers in a “digital stack” of industries, ranging from semiconductors and other electronics at the bottom layer to computing and Internet infrastructure at the middle layer and Internet content, commerce, and services in the top layer. Third, industries with fewer PhDs have more bachelor’s and MBA degrees suggesting that PhDs are being replaced by them and not M.S. degrees. Fourth, age is higher for industries with the most PhDs thus suggesting a greater need for experiential knowledge in industries with greater needs for educational knowledge. Fifth, the number of Nobel Prizes tracks industries with high fractions of PhDs.
beyond patents:scholars of innovation use patenting as an indicator of innova...Jeffrey Funk
This paper discusses the problems with using patents as a measure of innovation and papers as a measure of science. It also uses data to show the problems. for example, the number of patent applications and awards have grown by six times since 1984 while productivity growth has slowed.
These slides discuss how to put context back into learning. Farm and other work at home once provided a context for learning, but this context has become much weaker as work at home as mostly disappeared Students once learned mostly from parents because they worked on farms, fixed things at home, and prepared meals. These activities provided a "context" for school learning, a context that has been mostly lost. These slides discuss how this context can be put back into learning and the implications for the types of people best suited for teaching and the way to train them.
Technology Change, Creative Destruction, and Economic FeasibiltyJeffrey Funk
After showing that the costs of most electronic products are from electronic components, these slides show how the iPhone and iPad became economically feasible through improvements in microprocessors, flash memory, and displays.
These slides show that the demand for most professions is growing steadily in spite of continued improvements in productivity enhancing tools for them. They also show that AI will have a largely incremental effect on the professions, in combination with Moore's Law, cloud computing, and Big Data. They do this accounting, legal, architects, journalists, and engineers.
Solow's Computer Paradox and the Impact of AIJeffrey Funk
These slides show why IT has not delivered large improvements in productivity and why new forms of IT like AI will also not deliver large improvements, except in selected sectors. The main reason is that the improvements in AI are over-hyped and because most sectors do not have large inefficiencies in the organization of people, machinery, and materials.
What does innovation today tell us about tomorrow?Jeffrey Funk
This paper was published in Issues in Science and Technology. It distinguished between the Silicon Valley and science-based process of technology change. It shows that more new products and services are emerging from the latter than the former.
Creative destrution, Economic Feasibility, and Creative Destruction: The Case...Jeffrey Funk
This paper shows how new forms of electronic products and services such as smart phones, tablet computers and ride sharing become economically feasible and thus candidates for commercialization and creative destruction as improvements in standard electronic components such as microprocessors, memory, and displays occur. Unlike the predominant viewpoint in which commercialization is reached as advances in science facilitate design changes that enable improvements in performance and cost, most new forms of electronic products and services are not invented in a scientific sense and the cost and performance of them are primarily driven by improvements in standard components. They become candidates for commercialization as the cost and performance of standard components reach the levels necessary for the final products and services to have the required levels of performance and cost. This suggests that when managers, policy makers, engineers, and entrepreneurs consider the choice and timing of commercializing new electronic products and services, they should understand the composition of new technologies, the impact of components on a technology's cost, performance and design, and the rates of improvement in the components.
Recruiting in the Digital Age: A Social Media MasterclassLuanWise
In this masterclass, presented at the Global HR Summit on 5th June 2024, Luan Wise explored the essential features of social media platforms that support talent acquisition, including LinkedIn, Facebook, Instagram, X (formerly Twitter) and TikTok.
"𝑩𝑬𝑮𝑼𝑵 𝑾𝑰𝑻𝑯 𝑻𝑱 𝑰𝑺 𝑯𝑨𝑳𝑭 𝑫𝑶𝑵𝑬"
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 (𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬) is a professional event agency that includes experts in the event-organizing market in Vietnam, Korea, and ASEAN countries. We provide unlimited types of events from Music concerts, Fan meetings, and Culture festivals to Corporate events, Internal company events, Golf tournaments, MICE events, and Exhibitions.
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 provides unlimited package services including such as Event organizing, Event planning, Event production, Manpower, PR marketing, Design 2D/3D, VIP protocols, Interpreter agency, etc.
Sports events - Golf competitions/billiards competitions/company sports events: dynamic and challenging
⭐ 𝐅𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐬:
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➢CHILDREN ART EXHIBITION 2024: BEYOND BARRIERS
➢ WOW K-Music Festival 2023
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➢ Korean President visits Samsung Electronics R&D Center
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"𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲, 𝐚 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐣𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐲. 𝐖𝐞 𝐚𝐥𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐥𝐲 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐛𝐞 𝐚 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬."
Affordable Stationery Printing Services in Jaipur | Navpack n PrintNavpack & Print
Looking for professional printing services in Jaipur? Navpack n Print offers high-quality and affordable stationery printing for all your business needs. Stand out with custom stationery designs and fast turnaround times. Contact us today for a quote!
The world of search engine optimization (SEO) is buzzing with discussions after Google confirmed that around 2,500 leaked internal documents related to its Search feature are indeed authentic. The revelation has sparked significant concerns within the SEO community. The leaked documents were initially reported by SEO experts Rand Fishkin and Mike King, igniting widespread analysis and discourse. For More Info:- https://news.arihantwebtech.com/search-disrupted-googles-leaked-documents-rock-the-seo-world/
Implicitly or explicitly all competing businesses employ a strategy to select a mix
of marketing resources. Formulating such competitive strategies fundamentally
involves recognizing relationships between elements of the marketing mix (e.g.,
price and product quality), as well as assessing competitive and market conditions
(i.e., industry structure in the language of economics).
Cracking the Workplace Discipline Code Main.pptxWorkforce Group
Cultivating and maintaining discipline within teams is a critical differentiator for successful organisations.
Forward-thinking leaders and business managers understand the impact that discipline has on organisational success. A disciplined workforce operates with clarity, focus, and a shared understanding of expectations, ultimately driving better results, optimising productivity, and facilitating seamless collaboration.
Although discipline is not a one-size-fits-all approach, it can help create a work environment that encourages personal growth and accountability rather than solely relying on punitive measures.
In this deck, you will learn the significance of workplace discipline for organisational success. You’ll also learn
• Four (4) workplace discipline methods you should consider
• The best and most practical approach to implementing workplace discipline.
• Three (3) key tips to maintain a disciplined workplace.
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Putting the SPARK into Virtual Training.pptxCynthia Clay
This 60-minute webinar, sponsored by Adobe, was delivered for the Training Mag Network. It explored the five elements of SPARK: Storytelling, Purpose, Action, Relationships, and Kudos. Knowing how to tell a well-structured story is key to building long-term memory. Stating a clear purpose that doesn't take away from the discovery learning process is critical. Ensuring that people move from theory to practical application is imperative. Creating strong social learning is the key to commitment and engagement. Validating and affirming participants' comments is the way to create a positive learning environment.
Improving profitability for small businessBen Wann
In this comprehensive presentation, we will explore strategies and practical tips for enhancing profitability in small businesses. Tailored to meet the unique challenges faced by small enterprises, this session covers various aspects that directly impact the bottom line. Attendees will learn how to optimize operational efficiency, manage expenses, and increase revenue through innovative marketing and customer engagement techniques.
Business Valuation Principles for EntrepreneursBen Wann
This insightful presentation is designed to equip entrepreneurs with the essential knowledge and tools needed to accurately value their businesses. Understanding business valuation is crucial for making informed decisions, whether you're seeking investment, planning to sell, or simply want to gauge your company's worth.
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2. Outline
Background of CNT
What are they?
Synthesis & Properties
Emerging Applications
Growth Drivers
Market Demand
Prices of CNT
How cheaper can CNT get?
Entrepreneurial Opportunities
Transparent Electrodes &
Flywheels
Challenges & Improvements
Conclusion
Q &A
3. CNT - What are they?
A graphite sheet rolled into a seamless cylinder
Multi-walled (MWCNT): Concentric or spiral
Single-walled (SWCNT): Zig-zag, armchair or chiral
Fullerite: Polymerised single walled
Torus: Nanotube bent into doughnut shape
E.T.Thostenson et al. / Composites Science and Technology (2001)
4. CNT - Synthesis
Carbon Nanotubes can be synthesised in 3 main ways
Arc Discharge
Laser Ablation
Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD)
Other techniques are:
Flame pyrolysis, Bottom-up organic approach,
High-Pressure CO Conversion (HiPco),
Thermal Plasma Synthesis, Rotation Reactors
(Improved CVD), CCVD (Catalytic CVD).
5. CNT - Properties
Among the other properties of CNT, the most prominent ones are :
Electrical
Mechanical
Field emission in vacuum electronics
Building block for next generation of
VLSI*
Nano lithography
Has constant resistivity & a tolerance
for very high current density
Armchair structures are metallic while,
chiral can be a moderate
semiconductor
Diamond
CNT
Steel
Youngs
Modulus(GPa)
1220
1000
210
Tensile
strength(GPa)
1.2
63
1.2
Yield stress(GPa)
16.53
52.00
0.83
Density(g cm-3)
3.52
1.35
8
Thermal
Good thermal capacitors along tube &
insulators laterally to the tube axis.
15 times more heat conductive than copper
Temperature stability -up to 2800oC in vacuum
& about 750oC in air
*Very
Large Scale Integration
6. Emerging Applications
The unique electrical and mechanical properties of CNT has
been modified to assemble them into devices like:
Flywheels for
Uninterrupted Power
Supply (UPS)
Transparent electrodes
Lithium-ion batteries
Super-capacitors
CNT-based electronic
components such as fieldeffect transistors (FETs).
7. Market Demand of CNT
Electronics & Data Storage
Energy
Source: http://www.electronics.ca/presscenter/articles/1204/1/Market-Applications-of-Carbon-Nanotubes/
12. Production Capacity vs Actual Production
14000
CNT Production (tonne)
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
Spare capacity (tonne)
Actual Production
(tonne)
Yr 2008
656
Yr 2009
1690
Yr 2010
3355
Yr 2015
3000
340
500
710
9300
Source: http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/production-and-application-of-carbon-nanotubes-carbon-nanofibers-fullerenesgraphene-and-nanodiamonds-a-global-technology-survey-and-market-analysis-131970098.html
13. Manufacturing process of CNT
Process/ Source
Carbon Fibre
CNT
Precursors
Polymer (polyacrylonitrile,
polyethylene)
Carbon containing gas
(methane, ethane etc) +
metal catalyst (Ni etc)
Synthesizing
Oxidation and carbonization
Carbonization (breaking off
carbon)
Surface treatment
Liquid Oxidation with acid/
alkaline
Acid washing
Spooling
Sheets,Vertically aligned, etc
Packaging
15. Using Waste material (as precursors) for
CNT Production
Reasons:
Availability of large volume of waste produced worldwide
composed of polymers (polyethyelene, polypropylene etc)
Plastic polymers serve very well as carbonaceous feed for CNT
production
Energy and resource intensive production of CNTs
More cost efficient as, precusors are the main contributor to
high-cost
Source: Chemical Engineering Journal 195–196 (2012) 377–391
16. Materials as precursors for Production of
VA-CNT
Source: Towards large scale aligned carbon nanotube composites: an industrial safe-by-design and sustainable approach: Journal of
Physics: Conference Series 429 (2013) 012050
17. Alternate energy to lower Mfg cost
Source: Renewable and Sustainability Reviews, Volume 22, June 2013, Pg 560-570
19. Transparent Electrode
What is transparent electrode?
A transparent and conductive material
For devices like touch screens, LCDs, OLEDs, Solar cells
Transparent electrodes to be used in display
panels:
Higher conductivity
Higher transparency
20. Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) in Transparent
Electrodes
Advantage
Disadvantage
Ease of fabrication
Expensive and time-consuming multi stage
refining process with low efficiency (15 to 30%)
Consistency and
reproducibility
Shortage of supply: Indium is a by product of
other mining operation, eg. Zinc and Lead
Mature technology
Increasing cost of ITO
Good transmittance in the
visible (>80%) and near IR
regions
Low resilience to mechanical stresses
Low electrical resistivity
Inherently brittle in nature
Flexible substrate, deterioration in the
conductivity when subjected to thermal and
mechanical strains
Degrade with time when subjected to
mechanical stress
21. Alternative materials in Transparent
Electrode
Carbon Nanotube
(CNT) films
B) Random Net works of
metallic nanowires
C) Metal gratings
D) Graphene films
A)
Source: Kumar, Akshay, and Chongwu Zhou. "The race to replace tin-doped indium oxide: which material will
win?." ACS nano 4.1 (2010): 11-14.
22. Carbon Nanotubes for Transparent
Electrodes
Optoelectronic property of CNT network films
ITO performance (100 Ohm/sq and >90% transparency)
Unidym CVD nanotubes outperforms any other CVD
tubes together with Laser and Arc tubes
Source: Park,Young‐Bae, et al. "37.4: Late‐News Paper: Integration of Carbon Nanotube Transparent Electrodes into Display
Applications." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers. Vol. 39. No. 1. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2008.
23. Hybrids of CNT network films
Price
CNT
Conductivity
Transparency
Flexibility
√
ITO
√
√
√
Contact resistances and semi-conducting nanotubes of
the nanotube network films
Chemical doping
Hybridization of conducting guest components
o Acid treatment
o Deposition of metal nanoparticles
o Creation of a composite of conducting polymers
Surface-modified carbon nanotube networks for
transparent conducting film applications
24. Result of Chemical Doping
One tenth
reduction in
resistance by
post treatment
of CNT
Source:Yang, Seung Bo, et al. "Recent advances in hybrids of carbon nanotube network films and nanomaterials for
their potential applications as transparent conducting films." Nanoscale 3.4 (2011): 1361-1373.
25. Flywheels
What are Flywheel Energy Storage Systems?
Consists of 3 major components:
Flywheel (Rotor, Rotor’s bearing & Housing)
Electrical motor/generator to transfer electricity
Controlled electronics for connection to a larger
electric power system
Basic Operating Principle of Flywheel Energy Storage System:
Source: www.youtube.com/watch?v=u6I2lKtfpLQ
26. Why Flywheels for Energy Storage?
ESS Feature
Lead Acid Battery
Flywheel Battery
Chemical
Mechanical
Energy Density
Higher
Lower
Power Density
Lower
Higher
75%
95%
Storage Mechanism
Efficiency (input/output)
Flywheel
$50 -$100 (USD)
CNT
$400 - $800 (USD)
Higher
Lower
3-5 yrs
> 20 yrs
Charging Capabilities
Slow
Rapid
Charging Cycles
1000
100,000
Proven
Promising
Disposal Issues
Slight
Temperature Range
Limited
Less Limited
Relative Size (equivalent power/energy)
Larger
Smaller
Annual Sales ($Millions USD)
~ 7000
~2
Price per Kilowatt
Maintenance
Operating Life
Flywheel
CNT
Technology
Environmental Concerns
Source: http://www.globalrenewablenews.com/?
27. Design for Flywheels
Mass (m) x 2
Energy (Ek) x 2
Velocity (v) x 2
Energy (Ek) x 22
Increasing Mass of Rotor
Increasing Velocity of Rotor
Slow Speed Flywheels
High Speed Flywheels
Store twice as much energy when it
spins at the same speed
Store quadruple as much energy when it
spins twice the speed
Dense and Large (Larger Footprint)
Lighter and Smaller (Smaller Footprint)
Deliver a large amount of power for a
short period of time
Produce usable work or electrical energy
for hours but in smaller quantities
Applications: Emergency backup
power sources
Applications: Motor vehicles
Source: http://cdn.intechweb.org/pdfs/20363.pdf
28. Limitations for High
Speed Flywheels
Current Materials Used For Rotors: Steel or Carbon Fiber
As Speed of rotor increases, the energy stored is limited by the
strength of the rotor material
Rotor eventually reaches a point where the force is too great
that it shatters into fragments
29. Carbon Nanotubes for High Speed
Flywheels
Specific tensile
strength of the
material
Specific Density (ρ)
T. Strength (σt)
Carbon Nanotubes are 10 times much stronger than Carbon Fiber
& 20 times much stronger than Steel
Source: http://cdn.intechweb.org/pdfs/20363.pdf
30. Challenges for High Speed Flywheels
Year
Carbon Fiber
Carbon Nanotubes
2016
$0.018
$0.16
2015
$0.022
$0.18
2014
$0.027
$0.20
2013
$0.031
$0.23
*Price (USD/gram)
Cost approximately 9
times that of Carbon Fiber
Solution:
Drive CNT prices down through Mass Production
Use of existing manufacturing process
Use of renewable resources for manufacturing (Materials & Energy)
Source: Multi-source (please refer to the comments section)
31. New Industry/ Product Opportunities for
Carbon Nanotubes
Energy
Electronics
Silicon replacement semi conductor circuit
Solar heat electric generation
Power semiconductor heat dissipater
Power cables
Aircraft body fortifying material
High electric conductivity rubber roller
Wind power generator fan blade
High temperature range visco-elasticity
High Functionality Materials
Structural Materials
32. Challenges:
1. High Cost of CNT
2. Manufacturing CNT to create new and different
structural and functional properties suitable for
different applications
Solutions:
1. Driving down CNT prices through mass production
2. Exploit existing manufacturing process (e.g.: CVD)
3. Use of renewable resources (material & energy) to
reduce manufacturing cost
Once these challenges are overcome, the growth in
global CNTs demand is expected to accelerate
thereafter. Based on the trend analysis, our team
projects that Carbon Nanotubes would become
feasible, around 25 years from now for majority of the
applications