Carbon Emission Factor for Ukrainian Electricity Grid

Carbon Emission Factor for Ukrainian Electricity Grid
Mykola Shlapak
Environment and Energy Consultant, KT-Energy LLC
m.shlapak.ua@gmail.com
Summary
The article provides the results of calculation of carbon emission factor for Ukrainian electricity grid
for the period 2012-2015 using publicly available data. Carbon emission factor for Ukrainian
electricity grid is estimated using operation margin emission factor method in line with the provisions
of the latest versions of the relevant CDM tools. The results provided could be used when calculating
GHG emission reduction for renewable energy (where a project activity supplies electricity to a grid)
and energy efficiency projects (project activity that results in savings of electricity that would have
been provided by the grid.
Introduction
As of the end of 2016, Ukrainian energy system had the capacity of 55 331 MW dominated by
thermal power plants and nuclear power plants.
Pic. 1. Installed capacity of Ukrainian power grid.
Nuclear power plants provide the baseload power and generated 55% of total annual electricity
generation volume in 2015 (88 TWh). Nuclear power plants have the capacity of 13 835 MW: 6
VVER-1000 energy units at Zaporizka NPP, 3 VVER-1000 energy units at Yuzhno-Ukrainska NPP, 2
VVER-1000 energy units at Khmelnytska NPP, 2 VVER-1000e nergy units and VVER-440 energy
units at Rivnenska NPP.
Hydropower plants have the capacity of 6 047 MW, including 7 large scale hydropower plants on
Dnipro and Dnister rivers, 3 hydro pump and storage power plants (HPSP), 3 mid-size hydro power
plants. Hydropower plants partially cover peak power demand during the day.
© Mykola Shlapak, KT-Energy LLC. Contact author: m.shlapak.ua@gmail.com
Version 1.1, dated 12/10/2017
1

The share of renewable energy has grown during recent years, but still renewables cover only up to
7% of electricity generation volume (including up to 6% generated by HPPs and 1% – by other
renewable sources). As of the end of 2016, the capacity of renewable energy plants in the national
electricity system reached 1135 MW, including 439 MW of wind power plants, 458 MW of solar
power plants, 65 MW of biomass power plants, and 174 MW of small hydro power plants.
The share of thermal power plants in overall installed capacity of Ukrainian energy system is more
than 50%, however actual available capacity of TPPs is significantly lower than the designed
capacity, and thus the share of TPPs in current electricity generation is around 35%. Ukraine has 14
thermal power plants, mainly coal fired, with total current installed capacity of 27.8 GW. Zuivska TPP
and Starobesivska TPP are located on the territory occupied by Russian Federation. Ukrainian
thermal power plants were constructed mainly in 1950-1960s and many of the units have worked
more than 250 000 hours. Such long operation time of main equipment led to physical depreciation of
the equipment and higher level of emergency failures. With average efficiency of 31% resulting in 400
grams of coal equivalent (or 11.7 GJ per MWh) consumption per kilowatt hour ratio thermal power
generation contributes a significant part of national GHG emissions.
Previously, carbon emission factor for Ukrainian electricity grid was calculated in several studies to
estimate GHG emission reductions from joint implementation projects.
In 2007, carbon emission factor for Ukrainian electricity grid was developed by Global Carbon B.V.
and verified by TÜV SÜD Industrie Service GmbH.1
The estimation was based on a simple operation
margin emission factor method and data for the years 2003-2005. The resulted carbon emission
factor was 0.807 tonnes CO2 / MWh for power generation (“producing projects”), and 0.896 tonnes
CO2 / MWh for electricity consumption (“reducing projects”).
In 2010 Lahmeyer International prepared the study on the development of the electricity carbon
emission factors for Ukraine for the European Bank for Development and Reconstruction2
. Carbon
emission factors for Ukraine for the period from 2009 to 2020 were calculated using simple adjusted
operation margin emission factor method. The resulted operating margin emission factor starts at
1.052 t CO2/MWh in 2009 and increases slightly in 2011 and 2012 to a maximum of 1.063 t
CO2/MWh. For the period 2013-2017 the operating margin ranges between 1.058-1.059 t CO2/MWh
and than gradually decreases to 0.941 t CO2/MWh in 2020.
In 2011 the National Ecological Investment Agency of Ukraine has approved the methodology for the
calculation of carbon dioxide emission factor for electricity generation by thermal power plants and
emission factor for electricity consumption.3
Based on the approved methodology, which corresponds
to the simple operation margin calculation method, the emission factor was calculated and approved
by the orders of the National Ecological Investment Agency for the years 2008-2011.
Table 1. Emission factors approved by the National Ecological Investment Agency
Emission factor 2008 2009 2010 2011
Emission factor for electricity generation by thermal power
plants, tonnes CO2 per MWh
1.055 1.068 1.067 1.063
Emission factor for electricity consumption, tonnes CO2 per
MWh
1.219 1.237 1.225 1.227
1 https://ji.unfccc.int/UserManagement/FileStorage/46JW2KL36KM0GEMI0PHDTQF6DVI514
2 http://encon.sumdu.edu.ua/doc/methodics/Baseline_Study_Ukraine_Final_English.pdf
3 http://cons.parus.ua/map/doc/07IC44DC43/Pro-zatverdzhennya-Metodiki-rozrakhunku-pitomikh-vikidiv-dvookisu-vugletsyu-pri-virobnitstvi-
elektrichnoyi-energiyi-na-teplovikh-elektrostantsiyakh-ta-pri-yiyi-spozhivann.html
2

Methodology
The calculation of emission factor for Ukrainian electricity system is based on the CDM
Methodological tool “Tool to calculate the emission factor for an electricity system”, Version 05.0. This
tool provides methodological guidance to estimate the operation margin (OM), build margin (BM)
and/or combined margin (CM) emission factor for the electricity system.
Electricity export is not subtracted from electricity generation data used for calculating the electricity
emission factors.
Only grid power plants are included in the calculation.
The combined margin emission factor is the result of a weighted average of two emission factors
pertaining to the electricity system: the “operating margin” (OM) and the “build margin” (BM). The
operating margin is the emission factor that refers to the group of existing power plants whose current
electricity generation would be affected by the proposed project activity. The build margin is the
emission factor that refers to the group of prospective power plants whose construction and future
operation would be affected by the proposed project activity.
The calculation of BM emission factor is based on the analysis of most recent additions of the new
capacities to the electricity system. Capacity additions from retrofits of power plants should not be
included in the calculation of the build margin emission factor. Electricity generation of the sample
group of power units used to calculate the build margin should comprise 20% of the annual electricity
generation of the electricity system. The sample group of power units is determined either as the set
of five power units, that started to supply electricity to the grid most recently, or larger set of power
units, started to supply electricity to the grid during last 10 years and annual electricity generation of
which comprises 20% of the annual electricity generation of the electricity system. The power units
that started to supply electricity to the grid more than 10 years ago could also be included in the
sample until the electricity generation of the new set comprises 20 per cent of the annual electricity
generation of the project electricity system.
In Ukraine, however, the electricity system is characterized by significant overcapacity and limited
capacities of new power plants connected to the grid during last 10 years. During 2006-2017, major
capacity additions in the united electricity system of Ukraine were due to construction of renewable
energy power plants (more than 1200 MW of solar, wind, small hydro and biomass power plants),
construction of hydro pump and storage power plants (1123 MW), modernization of thermal power
plants (845 MW), commissioning of new CHPs units and industrial power plants (about 650 MW),
and modernization of hydro power plants (336 MW). Capacity additions from the retrofit of thermal
power and hydro power plants are not taken into account during the calculation of BM emission factor
according to the Methodological Tool. Renewable energy power plants, new CHPs units and
industrial power plants, and hydro pump and storage power plants commissioned during last 10 yers
generate less than 5% of electricity.
To reach 20% of annual electricity generation we should include in the sample power plants
connected to the grid up to 30 years ago, including nuclear power units commissioned in 2004 (2000
MW), 1995 (1000 MW), and even 1989 (1000 MW). Nuclear power units would constitute the major
share of the capacity in the sample. Such sample would not be representative in terms of the
expected technology and fuel mix of the power plants to be constructed in Ukraine. Moreover,
renewable energy and energy efficiency projects are not likely to influence the operation of nuclear
power plants, which provide low-cost base-load electricity supply.
3

Therefore, carbon emission factor for Ukrainian electricity grid is calculated based only on the
operation margin emission factor.4
The Methodological Tool provides step-by-step guidance to define the approach to be used for OM
emission factor calculation.
Pic. 2. Overview of the application of OM methods
As only annual data from each power plant on power generation, fuel type and fuel consumption are
available the LCMR share was defined on the first step. Low-cost/must-run (LCMR) resources - are
defined as power plants with low marginal generation costs or dispatched independently of the daily
or seasonal load of the grid. They include hydro, geothermal, wind, low-cost biomass, nuclear and
solar generation. If a fossil fuel plant is dispatched independently of the daily or seasonal load of the
grid and if this can be demonstrated based on the publicly available data, it should be considered as
a low-cost/must-run. Electricity imports shall be treated as one LCMR power plant.
Combined heat and power plants (CHP units) connected to the electricity system of Ukraine are also
considered as low-cost/must-run resources, as they are usually dispatched independently of the daily
or seasonal load to provide heat energy for residential, commercial and public buildings.
In Ukraine LCMR share is higher than 50% and during last 5 years was in the range of 55-65%.
Please refer to Data section for details.
4 Similar approach has been used in “Development of the electricity carbon emission factors for Ukraine.
Baseline study for Ukraine. Final Report” and “Ukraine - Assessment of new calculation of CEF ”. Available at:
http://encon.sumdu.edu.ua/doc/methodics/Baseline_Study_Ukraine_Final_English.pdf and
https://ji.unfccc.int/UserManagement/FileStorage/46JW2KL36KM0GEMI0PHDTQF6DVI514
4

The average load of LCMR (average amount of load supplied by low-cost/must-run resources in a
grid) is lower than average lowest annual system loads (LASL) during most recent 3 years (average
load of LCMR is 11604 MW while average LASL is 12150 MW). The average load of LCMR is
defined by dividing total electricity generation by LCMR resources by 8760 hours.
Table 2. LCMR and LASL data
Data 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
LCMR share 55.9% 55.0% 57.9% 64.3% 65.5%
Average load of LCMR 12642 12152 12017 11614 11182
Lowest annual system load (LASL) N/D N/D 13158 11989 11302
Average load of LCMR is less than
LASL?
N/D N/D Yes Yes Yes
Therefore, the simple operation margin will be used for the estimation of the emission factor for
Ukrainian electricity system.
According to the Methodological tool the simple OM emission factor is calculated as the generation-
weighted average CO2 emissions per unit net electricity generation (t CO2 /MWh) of all generating
power plants serving the system, not including low-cost/must-run power plants/units.
The simple OM has been calculated using Option A proposed the Methodological tool, which is
calculation based on the net electricity generation and a CO2 emission factor of each power unit
(Equation 3 of the Methodological tool).
CO2 emission factor of each thermal power plant in year y (t CO2 /MWh) was calculated using option
A.1 of the Methodological Tool using the data on fuel consumption and electricity generation for each
power plant (using equation 4 of the Methodological Tool).
5

In case of industrial power plants, where only data on electricity generation is available, an emission
factor of 0 t CO2 / MWh has been assumed as a simple and conservative approach (Option A3 of the
Methodological Tool).
CO2 emission factor to estimate the baseline, project and/or leakage emissions associated with the
consumption of electricity (CO2 emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels at power plants
connected physically to the national electricity system) was calculated based on the provisions of the
CDM Methodological tool “Baseline, project and/or leakage emissions from electricity consumption
and monitoring of electricity generation”, Version 03.0.
Following the generic approach, project, baseline and/or leakage emissions from consumption of
electricity are calculated based on the quantity of electricity consumed, an emission factor for
electricity generation and a factor to account for transmission losses (equations 1, 2, 3 of the CDM
Methodological tool “Baseline, project and/or leakage emissions from electricity consumption and
monitoring of electricity generation”, Version 03.0).
Emission factor for consumption of electricity is thus can be calculated as follows:
EFelectricity=EFEF , j,l×(1+TDLj, y )
where:
EFelectricity – is the CO2 emission factor to estimate the baseline, project and/or leakage emissions
associated with the consumption of electricity;
EF EF, j, i – is the CO2 emission factor for electricity generation;
TDL j, y – is the transmission and distribution losses value for the grid during year y.
Average technical transmission and distribution losses in the united energy system of Ukraine was
used to calculate a factor to account for transmission losses (TDL).
6

Data
Data on power generation volumes by different types of power plants were derived from the statistical
data of the Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry of Ukraine. The structuring of the data has been
slightly changed to ensure consistency with the structuring principle of the National GHG Inventory. In
particular power generation by Myronivska TPP has been counted in the group of thermal power
plants, and excluded from power generation by CHP units. Data on electricity generation by Zuivska
TPP and Starobesivska TPP for 2015 and 2016 are not included in the official statistics of the
Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry of Ukraine. National GHG inventory report for the period 1990-
2015 includes data on fuel consumption by Zuivska TPP and Starobesivska TPP and associated
GHG emissions. For the year 2015 electricity generation by Zuivska TPP and Starobesivska TPP as
reported by TPPs operators were included in the total electricity generation volumes to ensure
consistency with the National GHG Inventory.
Table 3. Electricity generation in Ukraine during 2012-2015 in GWh
Generation Type 2012 2013 2014 2015
Hydro 10832.6 14215.2 9092.5 6777.9
Other renewables (excl. hydro), incl.: 617.6 1247.0 1664.5 1577.4
Wind 284.0 N/A 1128.7 978.7
Solar 333.6 N/A 432.1 464.6
Biomass 0.0 N/A 103.7 134.1
Nuclear 90137.4 83209.4 88389.1 87627.5
CHPs 9156.0 7781.7 6123.9 5757.7
Total Low-cost/must-run (LCMR) resources 110743.6 106453.3 105270.0 101740.5
Termal power plants generation
(incl. Myronivska TPP)
79401.5 78797.8 68884.5 54745.0
Industrial power plants generation (block
stations)
7974.2 8312.3 7790.2 1773.0
Total not low-cost / must-run (LCMR)
resources
87375.7 87110.1 76674.7 56518.0
Total electricity generation, GWh 198119.3 193563.4 181944.7 158258.6
The calculation of OM emission factor has been performed using publicly available data, in particular:
• data on total and net electricity generation volumes by 15 thermal power plants, which are
provided by TPP operators in annual reports as well as in open data sets of the Ministry of
Energy and Coal Industry of Ukraine;
• data on coal consumption by each of 15 thermal power plants, which are provided in most
recent Ukraine’s GHG inventory;5
• data on fuels characteristics provided in most recent Ukraine’s GHG inventory: NCV, carbon
content and oxidation factor for coal; NCV, carbon content and density for natural gas; NCV
and carbon content for heavy oil fuels; oxidation factor for natural gas and heavy oil fuels is
assumed to be equal 1.6
The following data gaps have been identified during the calculation of OM emission factor:
5 UKRAINE’S GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY 1990-2015. Annual National Inventory Report for
Submission under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol,
section A.2.11.2
6 Same as above.
7

• no public data on natural gas consumption and heavy oil fuels consumption by each thermal
power plants were identified; the data were estimated based on total consumption of fuel by
each thermal power plant7
, fuel structure data for the years 2010-20128
or later periods where
available, as well as the share of each thermal power plant in electricity generation; such an
approach could lead to errors in the figures of particular fuel consumption by specific power
plants, but the errors will not have material effect on the results of carbon emission factor
calculation due to the low share of natural gas and heavy oil fuels in the fuel mix (less than 2%
on average);
• no public data on net electricity supply to the grid were identified for Centrenergo’s TPPs for
the years 2013-2015, Myronivska TPP for the year 2012 and industrial power plants; the data
were estimated based on the information about total electricity generation and the average
rate of electricity consumption for own needs during the period 2009-2012 in case of
Centrenergo’s TPPs and during the period 2013-2015 in case of Myronivska TPP; for
industrial power plants electricity consumption for own needs were assumed to be equal 10%.
Filling these data gaps by extending the open data sets from the Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry
of Ukraine will improve the accuracy of the calculations and ensure full correspondence with the
provisions of the Methodological Tool.
Data used in the calculation of OM emission factor is provided in Annex 1.
Results
The results of the calculation of the carbon dioxide emission factor for each thermal power plant are
provided in Table 2.
Table 4. Carbon dioxide emission factor for each thermal power plant
Thermal power plants Coal type 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Kryvorizka TPP Т 1.058 1.051 1.068 1.077 1.086 1.196
Prydniprovska TPP А+Т 1.196 1.198 1.193 1.217 1.209 1.329
Zaporizka TPP Г+Д 0.914 0.897 0.982 0.971 0.969 0.967
Zuivska TPP Г+Д 0.893 0.882 0.980 0.972 0.997 1.014
Luganska TPP А+Т 1.214 1.204 1.231 1.231 1.215 1.291
Kurakhivska TPP Г+Д 1.091 1.052 1.064 1.044 1.053 1.078
Burshtyn TPP Г+Д 1.091 1.091 1.077 1.071 1.077 1.083
Dobrotvirska TPP Г+Д+Ж 1.113 1.110 1.076 1.124 1.116 1.110
Ladyzhyn TPP Г+Д 1.038 1.030 1.056 1.070 1.091 1.120
Starobeshivska TPP А+Т 1.180 1.199 1.203 1.208 1.188 1.164
Slovianska TPP А+Т 1.242 1.214 1.220 1.240 1.259 1.197
Vuglegirska TPP Г+Д 1.018 1.012 0.985 1.000 1.005 1.019
Trypilska TPP А+Т 1.152 1.154 1.141 1.151 1.081 1.142
Zmiivska TPP А+Т 1.165 1.142 1.150 1.158 1.134 1.174
Myronivska А+Т / Г+Д 1.637 1.675 1.660 1.581 1.573 1.628
7 As provided in UKRAINE’S GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY 1990-2015, section A.2.11.2
8 As provided in Перспективи впровадження чистих вугільних технологій в енергетику України/ [Вольчин І.
А., Дунаєвська Н. І., Гапонич Л. С., Чернявський М. В., Топал О. І., Засядько Я. І.]. –К.:ГНОЗІС,2013.–308с.
8

The simple OM emission factor for Ukrainian electricity grid was calculated as the generation-
weighted average CO2 emissions per unit net electricity generation (t CO2 /MWh) of all thermal power
plants serving the united energy system of Ukraine and taking into account electricity generation by
industrial power plants, which are also part of non-LCMR resources.
CO2 emission factor for electricity generation by thermal power plants (weighted average CO2
emissions per unit net electricity generation of all thermal power plants serving the united energy
system of Ukraine not taking into account electricity generation by industrial power plants) provided in
the table below for illustrative purposes.
CO2 emission factor to estimate the emissions associated with the consumption of electricity has
been calculated based on both CO2 emission factor for electricity generation by thermal power
plants and CO2 emission factor for Ukrainian electricity grid. The more conservative lower value is
recommended to be used for the estimation of emission reduction for energy efficiency projects.
Table 5. Emission factors for electricity generation and consumption
Parameter 2012 2013 2014 2015
CO2 emission factor for electricity generation by thermal
power plants, tonne CO2 per MWh
1.101 1.103 1.097 1.105
CO2 emission factor for Ukrainian electricity grid, tonne
CO2 per MWh
1.001 0.999 0.986 1.071
CO2 emission factor to estimate the baseline, project
and/or leakage emissions associated with the consumption
of electricity (based on CO2 emission factor for electricity
generation by thermal power plants), tonne CO2 per MWh
1.231 1.229 1.219 1.234
CO2 emission factor to estimate the baseline, project
and/or leakage emissions associated with the consumption
of electricity (CO2 emission factor for Ukrainian electricity
grid), tonne CO2 per MWh
1.120 1.113 1.096 1.195
Conclusions
Due to the large share of mainly coal fired thermal power plants in the installed capacity, the national
electricity grid of Ukraine has high carbon intensity. CO2 emission factor for Ukrainian electricity grid
estimated based on the publicly available data ranges between 0.986 and 1.071 tonne CO2 per
MWh during the period 2012-2015. High transmission losses lead to even greater CO2 emission
factor associated with the consumption of electricity ranging between 1.096 and 1.195 tonne CO2
per MWh. High carbon intensity leads to significant GHG emissions in the energy sector, but
simultaneously provides opportunities for carbon emission reduction by energy efficiency and
renewable energy projects.
9

Annex 1. Data used in the calculation of OM emission factor
Data on coal consumption by thermal power plants (1000 tonnes)
Thermal power plants Coal type 2012 2013 2014 2015
Kryvorizka TPP Т 3747 3236 3023 1241
Prydniprovska TPP А+Т 1986 1943 1907 794
Zaporizka TPP Г+Д 2165 2605 2482 2656
Zuivska TPP Г+Д 2629 3119 2087 1560
Luganska TPP А+Т 2747 2345 2128 1267
Kurakhivska TPP Г+Д 3424 3785 3303 3368
Burshtyn TPP Г+Д 4700 4748 4895 4845
Dobrotvirska TPP Г+Д+Ж 1139 972 912 1158
Ladyzhyn TPP Г+Д 2252 2823 2706 2746
Starobeshivska TPP А+Т 3035 3739 2721 2107
Slovianska TPP А+Т 1346 1159 575 1075
Vuglegirska TPP Г+Д 2596 1016 1608 2002
Trypilska TPP А+Т 2564 2148 1803 1311
Zmiivska TPP А+Т 3139 3213 2382 552
Myronivska А+Т 192 179 147 125
Myronivska Г+Д 166 164 135 80
Data source: calculated following the approach provided in Ukraine’s greenhouse gases inventory
1990-2015, section A.2.11.2
Data on fuel NCV (GJ per tonnes or GJ per 1000 m3
)
Kryvorizka TPP Т 24.35 24.15 24.28 23.35
Prydniprovska TPP А+Т 22.56 23.09 23.31 22.32
Zaporizka TPP Г+Д 21.08 22.14 21.31 21.11
Zuivska TPP Г+Д 19.22 20.22 20.34 20.73
Luganska TPP А+Т 24.43 25.02 24.94 23.17
Kurakhivska TPP Г+Д 17.67 18.87 17.93 17.94
Burshtyn TPP Г+Д 21.33 21.56 21.31 20.76
Dobrotvirska TPP Г+Д+Ж 22.44 22.46 21.99 20.81
Ladyzhyn TPP Г+Д 20.73 21.31 20.39 20.40
Starobeshivska TPP А+Т 22.55 22.01 23.17 23.14
Slovianska TPP А+Т 22.63 22.84 23.37 23.60
Vuglegirska TPP Г+Д 22.57 22.51 22.71 22.39
Trypilska TPP А+Т 22.82 22.91 22.23 23.35
Zmiivska TPP А+Т 23.03 23.00 22.08 23.53
Myronivska А+Т / Г+Д 20.57 20.62 20.84 22.64
Myronivska Т 18.56 18.77 18.51 19.00
Natural Gas 34.10 34.14 33.93 34.82
Heavy oil fuel 40.15 40.15 40.13 40.18
Data source: Ukraine’s greenhouse gases inventory 1990-2015
10

Data on fuels’ CO2 emission factor (tonne CO2 per TJ)
Kryvorizka TPP Т 95.45 94.96 93.65 92.87
Zaporizka TPP Г+Д 92.49 92.94 93.78 92.38
Zuivska TPP Г+Д 93.86 93.62 93.59 92.78
Luganska TPP А+Т 98.43 98.85 97.88 97.74
Burshtyn TPP Г+Д 91.70 92.57 92.84 93.09
Ladyzhyn TPP Г+Д 94.75 96.38 96.50 95.44
Trypilska TPP А+Т 95.96 96.81 95.81 95.31
Zmiivska TPP А+Т 97.76 98.12 95.44 95.15
Myronivska А+Т / Г+Д 98.87 98.98 98.40 98.80
Myronivska Т 91.08 91.98 92.67 93.40
Natural Gas 55.51 55.62 55.44 55.78
Heavy oil fuel 77.37 77.37 77.37 77.37
Data source: calculated using carbon content and oxidation factor data provided in Ukraine’s
greenhouse gases inventory 1990-2015 and the molecular mass ratio of CO2 / C (44/12).
Data on net electricity generation (GWh)
Kryvorizka TPP Т 8210.4 6934.5 6380.7 2279.7
Zaporizka TPP Г+Д 4330.7 5548.1 5142.3 5442.4
Zuivska TPP Г+Д 4875.3 6100.3 4004.3 3005.0
Luganska TPP А+Т 5428.2 4767.4 4293.0 2250.8
Burshtyn TPP Г+Д 8691.3 8974.7 9073.0 8771.3
Ladyzhyn TPP Г+Д 4215.9 5452.6 4918.5 4839.7
Trypilska TPP А+Т 4961.9 4159.9 3584.6 2589.1
Zmiivska TPP А+Т 6287.1 6364.9 4518.3 1066.5
Myronivska А+Т / Г+Д 406.9 413.0 340.0 260.8
Total 72118.8 71522.1 62496.4 49413.7
Data source: annual reports of TPP operators; cells marked grain contain estimated values (see
Data section for the explanation).
11

Data on transmission losses
Data 2012 2013 2014 2015
Electricity supply, GWh 180880 176331 165975 146358.6
Total technological electricity losses
during transmission and distribution
(0.38-800 kV), GWh
21380 20145 18555 16980
Total technological electricity losses
during transmission and distribution
(0.38-800 kV), %
11.82% 11.41% 11.17% 11.60%
Data source: annual reports of the National Commission on Energy Sector and Utilities Regulation
-----
Document Revision History
Date Version Changes
11/10/2017 Version 1.0 Initial publication
12/10/2017 Version 1.1 Information on previous studies on carbon emission factors
for Ukrainian electricity grid and official carbon emission
factors for electricity generation by thermal power plants
approved by the National Ecological Investment Agency has
been added in section “Introduction” (p. 2).
Editorial changes.
12

Carbon Emission Factor for Ukrainian Electricity Grid

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