Microorganisms play an important role in biogeochemical cycles such as the carbon and oxygen cycles. The carbon cycle involves the exchange of carbon between the biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. Microbes are responsible for decomposing organic matter into carbon dioxide through aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Different groups of microbes cycle carbon under aerobic and anaerobic conditions through processes like photosynthesis, methane production, and carbon monoxide oxidation. The oxygen cycle similarly involves microbes that use oxygen during respiration and cyanobacteria that produce oxygen through photosynthesis, maintaining an equilibrium between oxygen production and consumption on Earth.