The document discusses the carbon and nitrogen cycles. The carbon cycle involves carbon dioxide being absorbed by plants through photosynthesis and released through respiration and decay. Carbon is also stored long-term in fossil fuels, limestone, and other carbonate rocks. The nitrogen cycle similarly involves nitrogen being fixed from the atmosphere by lightning and bacteria, entering ecosystems, and being released through decay. Both cycles are impacted by human activities like fossil fuel use and fertilizer production.

1. PRESENTED BY ZISHAN.S.SHAIKH GRADE 10

2. INTRODUCTION OF CYCLES OF LIFE CARBON CYCLE (include video) NITROGEN CYCLE (include video) QUESTION AND ANSWER SESION THE FINISHING PAGE PRESENTATION SUMMARY

3. THE MOVEMENT OF ELEMENTS FROM ONE BODY TO THE OTHER. THE CYCLES OF LIFE

4. DEFINATION : It is a natural system consisting of plants, animals and microrganisms in an area functioning together will all non-living physical (A biotic) factors of the environment. Earth is a biosphere with a closed system For a steady supply of nutrient elements they must be recycled. Different chemical elements like carbon, oxygen and nitrogen exist on earth in a fixed ratio. THE BIOSPHERE

5. NITROGEN – 78.1% OXYGEN - 20.9% ARGON – 0.96% OTHER GASES – 0.04% CHEMICALS COMPOSITION OF THE ATMOSPHERE

6. The cycle that includes both the living biosphere and the non – living lithosphere, atmosphere and hydrosphere. The carbon cycle and the nitrogen cycle are both biogeochemical cycles. THE BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLE

7. THE CARBON CYCLE

8. Carbon is a non-metal. It belongs to the group 14 elements in the periodic table. The earth’s atmosphere is 0.19% carbon. The human body contains 18% carbon that is almost hundred times more than in the atmosphere. Every organism needs carbon either for its structure or for energy. CARBON AS AN ELEMENT

9. The carbon cycle is a process in which carbon is recycled over and over again. The process of recycling goes on in the earth’s atmosphere between the biotic and a-biotic environment. The complete cycle is made up of “sources” that put back carbon into the environment and “sinks” that absorb and stores carbon. THE CARBON CYCLE

10. THE CARBON CYCLE

11. FLOW CHART OF CARBON CYCLE

12. As carbon Di-oxide in the atmosphere and dissolves in water forming hydro carbon. Carbonate rocks in limestone and corals in the form of calcium carbonate. In sinks as coal petroleum and natural gas Dead organic matter, e.g. humus in the soil PRESENCE OF CARBON IN THE ENVIRONMENT

13. Carbon in the form of carbon di oxide enters in the phototrophic plants and algae that use it for photosynthesis. Carbon passes up the food chain through the primary consumers. The primary consumers metabolise in presence of oxygen to produce carbon di oxide. CARBON IN THE BIOTIC ENVIRONMENT

14. Carbon di oxide is slightly soluble and diffuses in water, for example: oceans and lakes. The phytoplankton's and algae use carbon di oxide and photosynthesis and later become a food for the primary consumers. Some organisms like corals and animals with shells use carbon di oxide and convert it into calcium carbonate. Decomposition: bacteria act upon dead and decaying matter to form carbon di oxide. Over a period of time the shell sediments and the dead plants and animals form limestone sinks. Weathering and volcanic eruptions also add carbon di oxide to the environment CARBON RETURNS TO THE ABIOTIC ENVIRONMENT

15. carbon di oxide is an important green house gas. excessive burning of fossil fuels release a considerably high amounts of energy and carbon di oxide. deforestation has reduced the amount of carbon di oxide used by plants for photosynthesis. resulting in glacial retreat and increase in global temperatures. the sea levels have also increased due to human interference. HUMAN EFFECTS ON CARBON CYCLE

16. THE GREEN HOUSE EFFECTS

18. RELATION BETWEEN TEMPERATURE AND CARBON DIOXIDE

19. FACTS ON OZONE

20. THE NITROGEN CYCLE

21. Nitrogen is a non – metal element usually in gaseous state. It belongs to group 15 and period 2 of the periodic table. It is the most abundant element in the earth’s atmosphere, it makes up 78% of the atmosphere. The human body consists 3% nitrogen. Nitrogen is the building block of amino acids, which form the proteins, enzymes and nucleic acids. NITROGEN AS AN ELEMENT

22. The transfer of nitrogen and nitrogen containing compounds in the biotic and A biotic environment. THE NITROGEN CYCLE

23. Plants and animals can’t use atmospheric nitrogen. Nitrogen fixation: conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into nitrites and nitrates. Either by lightning or through some bacteria and algae present in the soil. These nitrogenous compound enter the food cycle through the plants. The excretory product and the dead are then converted by de-nitrification to ammonia gas. THE NITROGEN CYCLE

26. FLOW CHART OF NITROGEN CYCLE

27. The major human activity involves excessive fossil fuel combustion. The production and use of fertilizers. Resulting in global climate change, stratospheric ozone depletion, regional smog, visibility degradation acid rain, water – use impairment and eutrophication. THE HUMAN IMPACT

28. THE HUMAN IMPACT

29. THE HUMAN IMPACT

30. Acid rain is rain or any other form of precipitation which is usually acidic. The term “acid rain” is commonly used to mean deposition of acid components in rain, snow, fog, dew or dry particles. ACID RAIN

31. Compounds like sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released. Oxides reacts with water to form acid precipitation called acid rain. WHAT CAUSES ACID RAIN ?

32. CONTRIBUTION TOWARDS SAFE EARTH CONTROL DEFORESTATION TREAT CHEMICAL WASTE BEFORE DISPOSAL USE BIO-DEGRADABLE PRODUCTS RECYCLE THE WASTE USE VEHICLE WHEN NECESSARY