This document describes the design of an electric power steering system for forklifts based on an ARM controller. The system uses an ARM microprocessor to control an H-bridge motor circuit and implement PD fuzzy control. Sensors provide signals on steering wheel position and motor speed which are used as inputs to the PD controller to determine the PWM control of the motor. The system was tested and shown to provide good steering assist performance.
Arm Processor Based Speed Control Of BLDC MotorUday Wankar
The project is designed to control the speed of a DC motor using an ARM series processor. The speed of DC motor is directly proportional to the voltage applied across its terminals. Hence, if voltage across motor terminal is varied, then speed can also be varied. This project uses the above principle to control the speed of the motor by varying the duty cycle of the pulse applied to it (popularly known as PWM control). The project uses input button interfaced to the processor, which are used to control the speed of motor. PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) is generated at the output by the microcontroller as per the program. The program is written in Embedded C. The average voltage given or the average current flowing through the motor will change depending on the duty cycle (ON and OFF time of the pulses), so the speed of the motor will change. A motor driver IC is interfaced to the STM32 board for receiving PWM signals and delivering desired output for speed control of a small DC motor. Further the project can be enhanced by using power electronic devices such as IGBTs to achieve speed control higher capacity industrial motors.
AC Induction motor (IM) are used as actuators in many industrial processes. Although IMs are reliable, they are subjected to some undesirable stresses, causing faults resulting in failure. Monitoring of an IM is a fast emerging technology for the detection of initial faults. It avoids unexpected failure of an industrial process. Monitoring techniques can be classified as the conventional and the digital techniques.
1.1 PROTECTION SCHEME OF INDUCTION MOTOR
Classical monitoring techniques for three-phase IMs are generally provided by some combination of mechanical and electrical monitoring equipment. Mechanical forms of motor sensing are also limited in ability to detect electrical faults, such as stator insulation failures. In addition, the mechanical parts of the equipment can cause problems in the course of operation and can reduce the life and efficiency of a system.
It is well known that IM monitoring has been studied by many researchers and reviewed in a number of works. Reviews about various stator faults and their causes, and detection techniques, latest trends, and diagnosis methods supported by the artificial intelligence, the microprocessor, the computer and other techniques in monitoring unbalanced voltage inter turn faults, stator winding temperature and microcontroller based digital protectors have been recently studied subjects. In these, while one or two variables were considered together to protect the IMs, the variables of the motor were not considered altogether. Measurements of the voltages, currents, temperatures, and speed were achieved and transferred to the computer for final protection decision.
A programmable integrated circuit (PIC) based protection system has been introduced using Microprocessors and the solutions of various faults of the phase currents, the phase voltages, the speed, and the winding temperatures of an IM occurring in operation have been achieved with the help of the microcontroller, but these electrical parameters have not been displayed on a screen.
Nowadays, the most widely used area of programmable logic controller (PLC) is the control circuits of industrial automation systems. The PLC systems are equipped with special I/O units appropriate for direct usage in industrial automation systems. The input components, such as the pressure, the level, and the temperature sensors, can be directly connected to the input. The driver components of the control circuit such as contactors and solenoid valves can directly be connected to the output.
Arm Processor Based Speed Control Of BLDC MotorUday Wankar
The project is designed to control the speed of a DC motor using an ARM series processor. The speed of DC motor is directly proportional to the voltage applied across its terminals. Hence, if voltage across motor terminal is varied, then speed can also be varied. This project uses the above principle to control the speed of the motor by varying the duty cycle of the pulse applied to it (popularly known as PWM control). The project uses input button interfaced to the processor, which are used to control the speed of motor. PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) is generated at the output by the microcontroller as per the program. The program is written in Embedded C. The average voltage given or the average current flowing through the motor will change depending on the duty cycle (ON and OFF time of the pulses), so the speed of the motor will change. A motor driver IC is interfaced to the STM32 board for receiving PWM signals and delivering desired output for speed control of a small DC motor. Further the project can be enhanced by using power electronic devices such as IGBTs to achieve speed control higher capacity industrial motors.
AC Induction motor (IM) are used as actuators in many industrial processes. Although IMs are reliable, they are subjected to some undesirable stresses, causing faults resulting in failure. Monitoring of an IM is a fast emerging technology for the detection of initial faults. It avoids unexpected failure of an industrial process. Monitoring techniques can be classified as the conventional and the digital techniques.
1.1 PROTECTION SCHEME OF INDUCTION MOTOR
Classical monitoring techniques for three-phase IMs are generally provided by some combination of mechanical and electrical monitoring equipment. Mechanical forms of motor sensing are also limited in ability to detect electrical faults, such as stator insulation failures. In addition, the mechanical parts of the equipment can cause problems in the course of operation and can reduce the life and efficiency of a system.
It is well known that IM monitoring has been studied by many researchers and reviewed in a number of works. Reviews about various stator faults and their causes, and detection techniques, latest trends, and diagnosis methods supported by the artificial intelligence, the microprocessor, the computer and other techniques in monitoring unbalanced voltage inter turn faults, stator winding temperature and microcontroller based digital protectors have been recently studied subjects. In these, while one or two variables were considered together to protect the IMs, the variables of the motor were not considered altogether. Measurements of the voltages, currents, temperatures, and speed were achieved and transferred to the computer for final protection decision.
A programmable integrated circuit (PIC) based protection system has been introduced using Microprocessors and the solutions of various faults of the phase currents, the phase voltages, the speed, and the winding temperatures of an IM occurring in operation have been achieved with the help of the microcontroller, but these electrical parameters have not been displayed on a screen.
Nowadays, the most widely used area of programmable logic controller (PLC) is the control circuits of industrial automation systems. The PLC systems are equipped with special I/O units appropriate for direct usage in industrial automation systems. The input components, such as the pressure, the level, and the temperature sensors, can be directly connected to the input. The driver components of the control circuit such as contactors and solenoid valves can directly be connected to the output.
BIDIRECTIONAL SPEED CONTROL OF DC MOTOR USING 8051 MICROCONTROLLERShanmukha S. Potti
1. This project deals with bidirectional speed control of DC motor using 8051 micro-controller.
2. Design of H bridge dc-dc converter is an IGBT based bridge circuit.
3. The control circuit consists of the 8051 microcontroller which is programmed to generate pulses to turn on IGBTs per required sequence.
4. The H bridge dc-dc converter is implemented with hardware setup and software program in the 8051 –C code.
Fully automated railway engine ( to be extended)gaurav ahuja
Self created Android app controls the speed and direction of DC motor based train engine through Bluetooth communication with microcontroller ATMEGA328 arduino.
Analysis of Induction Motor Speed Control Using SCADA Based Drive Operated Sy...IJSRD
This Paper represents the analysis of induction motor speed control using VFD (Variable Frequency Drive) system operated by PLC-SCADA system. The main aim of the paper is to dealt with the concept of speed control of a three-phase induction motor with energy saving. To do so, a VFD (Variable Frequency Drive) is used for controlling the speed of a three-phase induction motor with variable load attached to the motor. It certainly leads to the best performance and high efficiency of the induction motor. Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) are two new systems to control a Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) whose output is given to a three-phase induction motor and driving a conveyor belt. The conveyor belt has three sensors are inputs which senses a passing object and carries out the necessary instructions programmed in ladder logic programming of the PLC through the computer (PC). The SCADA software installed in the PC in turn enables the human operator to control the entire operation away from the plant and just by using the virtual inputs designated on his computer screen.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Bi directional speed control of dc motor and stepper motor through mat lab us...eSAT Journals
Abstract In any industry speed control of an electric drive system is very critical and crucial. Every designer aims at achieving a control methodology having high degree of precision. But industry needs are ever evolving in nature. Hence it is very much essential that along with conventional speed control mechanisms we must also have simple interactive graphical based control strategies. Several algorithms/methodologies have been developed over the years to achieve speed control of motors. In this context by encompassing the usability of Mat Lab, work has been done to control the speed of stepper motor and DC motor using microcontroller. Microcontroller is programmed to achieve bi directional speed control. The main objective of this work is to develop the graphical user interface of motor control through mat Lab guide and the interface of the same with hardware via serial communication. PIC is used as the controller. Keywords— DC, PIC, μC, AC, GUI, IC
Load Performances of a PIC Based Speed Governor for Micro Hydro Power PlantIOSRJEEE
In the study; a micro hydro power plant prototype was designed with a 750 Wcross flow type turbine and a 500 W generator. Control operations are realized by using a PIC16F877 microcontroller. The voltage frequency obtained from the generator were measured with the zero crossing circuit and transferred to the microcontroller. Using the micro controller, depending on the frequency error, the PWM signal was formed. The PWM signal was applied through the H bridge circuit to the DC motor which drives the setting wing. The rotation movement of the motor was transferred to the setting wing through a threaded rod and a mechanical arm. When setting of the number of turns on the turbine, the value of the frequency of the used 500 W generator working in conjunction with the turbine could be kept on desired levels. After the design,Loading and load shedding performances of the designed system were examined and discussed.
Reviews of Cascade Control of Dc Motor with Advance Controllerijsrd.com
The proportional- integral-derivative (PID) control is the most used algorithm to regulate the armature current and speed of cascade Control system in motor drives. The controller uses two PID controllers. One PI controller is for speed control and second PID controller for current control in cascade structure. Inner loop is for the current control which is faster than the outer loop. Outer loop is for speed control. The output of the encoder is compared with a preset reference speed. The output of the PI controller is summed and is given as the input to the current controller.
BIDIRECTIONAL SPEED CONTROL OF DC MOTOR USING 8051 MICROCONTROLLERShanmukha S. Potti
1. This project deals with bidirectional speed control of DC motor using 8051 micro-controller.
2. Design of H bridge dc-dc converter is an IGBT based bridge circuit.
3. The control circuit consists of the 8051 microcontroller which is programmed to generate pulses to turn on IGBTs per required sequence.
4. The H bridge dc-dc converter is implemented with hardware setup and software program in the 8051 –C code.
Fully automated railway engine ( to be extended)gaurav ahuja
Self created Android app controls the speed and direction of DC motor based train engine through Bluetooth communication with microcontroller ATMEGA328 arduino.
Analysis of Induction Motor Speed Control Using SCADA Based Drive Operated Sy...IJSRD
This Paper represents the analysis of induction motor speed control using VFD (Variable Frequency Drive) system operated by PLC-SCADA system. The main aim of the paper is to dealt with the concept of speed control of a three-phase induction motor with energy saving. To do so, a VFD (Variable Frequency Drive) is used for controlling the speed of a three-phase induction motor with variable load attached to the motor. It certainly leads to the best performance and high efficiency of the induction motor. Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) are two new systems to control a Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) whose output is given to a three-phase induction motor and driving a conveyor belt. The conveyor belt has three sensors are inputs which senses a passing object and carries out the necessary instructions programmed in ladder logic programming of the PLC through the computer (PC). The SCADA software installed in the PC in turn enables the human operator to control the entire operation away from the plant and just by using the virtual inputs designated on his computer screen.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Bi directional speed control of dc motor and stepper motor through mat lab us...eSAT Journals
Abstract In any industry speed control of an electric drive system is very critical and crucial. Every designer aims at achieving a control methodology having high degree of precision. But industry needs are ever evolving in nature. Hence it is very much essential that along with conventional speed control mechanisms we must also have simple interactive graphical based control strategies. Several algorithms/methodologies have been developed over the years to achieve speed control of motors. In this context by encompassing the usability of Mat Lab, work has been done to control the speed of stepper motor and DC motor using microcontroller. Microcontroller is programmed to achieve bi directional speed control. The main objective of this work is to develop the graphical user interface of motor control through mat Lab guide and the interface of the same with hardware via serial communication. PIC is used as the controller. Keywords— DC, PIC, μC, AC, GUI, IC
Load Performances of a PIC Based Speed Governor for Micro Hydro Power PlantIOSRJEEE
In the study; a micro hydro power plant prototype was designed with a 750 Wcross flow type turbine and a 500 W generator. Control operations are realized by using a PIC16F877 microcontroller. The voltage frequency obtained from the generator were measured with the zero crossing circuit and transferred to the microcontroller. Using the micro controller, depending on the frequency error, the PWM signal was formed. The PWM signal was applied through the H bridge circuit to the DC motor which drives the setting wing. The rotation movement of the motor was transferred to the setting wing through a threaded rod and a mechanical arm. When setting of the number of turns on the turbine, the value of the frequency of the used 500 W generator working in conjunction with the turbine could be kept on desired levels. After the design,Loading and load shedding performances of the designed system were examined and discussed.
Reviews of Cascade Control of Dc Motor with Advance Controllerijsrd.com
The proportional- integral-derivative (PID) control is the most used algorithm to regulate the armature current and speed of cascade Control system in motor drives. The controller uses two PID controllers. One PI controller is for speed control and second PID controller for current control in cascade structure. Inner loop is for the current control which is faster than the outer loop. Outer loop is for speed control. The output of the encoder is compared with a preset reference speed. The output of the PI controller is summed and is given as the input to the current controller.
IFAC 2014, Design of Power Steering Systems for Heavy-Duty Long-Haul VehiclesSilvas Emilia
To overcome the drawbacks of a sequential design approach, this paper shows the precise combination of technology, topology, size and control for the power steering system used in a heavy-duty vehicle. Modeling of six possible topologies and optimal sizing of components, as the gear ratio between combustion engine and power steering pump, are shown. Next, a sensitivity analysis is done for control parameters and a view is presented on a suitable topology for a power steering system used in a heavy-duty long-haul vehicle.
Power steering system allows the driver to turn the vehicle with almost a little effort. But if any problem in the system appears, it gets difficult to handle the steering wheel and to turn the vehicle. So it’s important for you to know the symptoms of the power steering failure. Learn here all the symptoms, causes of failure and the vital components of the system.
This is mechanical engineering presentation on power steering system. In this presentation i describe basics of power steering and their history. I hope it will help you for your engineering and you can understand better about mechanical engineering.
Speed Control Of DC motor By Using PWM TechniqueRITESH D. PATIL
Generally the pwm is the duty cycle which greater control on the dc motor effectively & the pulses reach the full supply voltage and will produce more torque in a motor by being able to overcome the internal motor resistances more easily.
Arm cortex ( lpc 2148 ) based motor speed control Uday Wankar
The project is designed to control the speed of a DC and AC motor using an ARM7 LPC2148 processor. The speed of motor is directly proportional to the voltage applied across its terminals. Hence, if voltage across motor terminal is varied, then speed can also be varied. This project uses the above principle to control the speed of the motor by varying the duty cycle of the pulses applied to it, popularly known as PWM control. The project uses input button interfaced to the processor, which are used to control the speed of motor. Pulse Width Modulation is generated at the output by the microcontroller as per the program. The program is written in Embedded C.
The average voltage given or the average current flowing through the motor will change depending on the duty cycle, ON and OFF time of the pulses, so the speed of the motor will change. A motor driver IC is interfaced to the ARM7 LPC2148 processor board for receiving PWM signals and delivering desired output for speed control. Further the project can be enhanced by using power electronic devices such as IGBTs to achieve speed control higher capacity industrial motors.
Simulation Design of DC Motor Control System Based on MC9S12D64 MCUIJERA Editor
In order to simulate motion condition of industry motor such as automobile air-conditioning motor, automobile
idle valve motor and automobile water cooling motor etc., hardware and software simulation design of direct
current (DC) motor control system are carried out based on MC9S12D64 MCU in this paper. Through analyzing
and comparing a sampled voltage data, MCU controls a DC motor to rotate or not to rotate, and give an alarm
with a buzzer and a red LED light according to requests. The scheme of hardware circuit is performed. The
programming flow chart and the main programming codes are presented. This system is proved to be reliable by
an experimental rig
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Motor Control Relay, Pwm, DC and Stepper MotorsDevashish Raval
In this presentation, a brief introduction of relay, optoisolaters, interfacing and working of stepper motor and DC motor is given.
The contents are referred from the book of mazidi.
DC MOTOR SPEED CONTROL USING ON-OFF CONTROLLER BY PIC16F877A MICROCONTROLLERTridib Bose
This presentation consists the speed control of a dc motor using hardware (microcontroller) by changing the reference voltages logically and minimising errors.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.