This document discusses English consonants and their properties. It defines key terms like manners of articulation, plosives, fricatives, and affricates. It describes the three properties used to describe consonants and the production of plosives. It discusses the English plosives, fricatives, and affricates, and covers topics like aspiration, initial/medial/final positions, and fortis vs lenis consonants. The document instructs the reader to review chapters 4, 6, and prepare for the next class by reviewing chapters 5 and 7.

1. English consonants Work in the same group Scan chapters 4 & 6 again Discuss the answers to the following questions

2. English consonants Define the following terms: manners of articulation plosives initial, medial and final positions of a plosive aspiration fortis vs lenis fricatives affricates homorganic

3. English consonants What are the three properties used for describing a consonant? How is a plosive produced? What are the English plosives? How does aspiration take place? And when? What are the English fricatives? What are the English affricates?

4. English consonants Manners of articulation: the particular way the airstream is obstructed Plosives Affricates Fricatives Nasals Approximants (central, lateral)

5. English consonants Plosives: Oral stops The air is stopped completely in the oral cavity for a brief period Then it explodes with the release of the closure, producing loud-enough noise to be heard English plosives: Bilabials: p, b Alveolars: t, d Velars: k, g

6. English consonants The articulation of a plosive: Closing phase (dynamic) Occlusion / Compression phase (static) Release phase (dynamic) Oral release Nasal release Lateral release

7. English consonants Bilabials: p, b

8. English consonants Alveolars: t, d

9. English consonants Velars: k, g

10. English consonants Positions of plosives: Initial – CV Medial - VCV Final - VC

11. English consonants Initial – CV Voiced plosives: released with weak plosion Voiceless plosives: released with audible plosion  aspiration

12. English consonants Aspiration The phenomenon in which a small “puff of air” escapes through the vocal folds after the release phase. Transcribed as [ C h ]

13. English consonants Aspiration

14. English consonants Aspiration rule: Voiceless stops become aspirated when they occur syllable initially before stressed vowels (in a stressed syllable). / C / Examples: pot spot repeat compass top stop attack contour kid skid akin condemn [ C h ] / $ _ V [+stress] [ C ] / elsewhere [-voiced] [+stop]

15. English consonants Positions of plosives: Initial – CV: scarcely voiced Medial - VCV Final – VC: scarcely voiced

16. English consonants Positions of plosives: Initial – CV Medial - VCV Final – VC ma p , ma t , la b , la d , la g la p la b mea t mea d

17. English consonants Fricatives: Consonants produced with a continuous airflow through the mouth, accompanied by a continuous audible noise (hissing sound) Continuant consonants f, v, 8, 5, s, z, ~, 2, h

18. English consonants Labiodentals: f, v

19. English consonants Inter-dentals: 8, 5

20. English consonants Alveolars: s, z

21. English consonants Alveo-palatals: ~, 2

22. English consonants Glottal: h Has the quality of the vowel it precedes Problems: hj ( . ) w

23. English consonants Affricates: Consonants produced when the air is built up by a complete closure of the oral tract and then released and continued like a fricative The plosive and the following fricative must be “ homorganic ” (made with the same articulators) Non-continuant consonants that show a slow release of the closure t~, d2

24. English consonants Alveo-palatals: t~, d2

25. English consonants Fortis consonants Produced with more force Usually thought of as voiceless p, t, k, s, f, ~, t~ Lenis consonants Produced with less force Usually thought of as voiced b, d, g, v, z, 2, d2

26. English consonants Fortis consonants Syllable – final:  shortening a preceding vowel or l, m, n, 7 mop mob rich ridge Syllable – initial:  devoicing a following approximant ( l, r, w, j ) play lay tray ray quick wick

27. English consonants Consolidation Alveolar plosives

28. English consonants Consolidation Dental fricatives

29. English consonants Consolidation Bilabial plosives

30. English consonants Consolidation Alveolar fricatives

31. English consonants Consolidation Affricates

32. English consonants Consolidation Labiodental fricatives

33. English consonants Consolidation Glottal fricative

34. English consonants Consolidation Velar plosives

35. English consonants Consolidation Alveo-palatal fricatives

36. Preparation for next class Review: Plosives Fricatives Affricates Aspiration Shortening of vowels before a fortis consonant Devoicing of approximants after a fortis consonant Read Chapter 5 Chapter 7