2. PHONEMIC AND PHONETIC
CONSONANT CONTRAST
STOP OR PLOSIVE
The active articulator touches the
Englis, Spanish and French stops
passive articulator and completely
include: /p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/. If /p/
cuts of the airflow through the
/t/ or /k/ are pronounced at the
mouth.
beginning of an english words a
strong puff of breath will be felt.
ARTICULATOR AND POINT OF ARTICULATOR It is called aspiration
Bilabial Apico-alveolar/dental Dorso-velar
/p/ /b/ /t/ - /d/ - /k/ /g/
/p/ /b/ - /t/ * - /d/* /k/ /g/
vl vd vl vd vl vd
Voicing
Homorganic Sounds

3. HOMORGANIC
SOUNDS
In phonetics this refers Literally, with the same
to sounds made at the organ, but with most
same place of sound the organ is the
articulation. tongue
/p-b/ Production
Picture
bilabial oral
stop
/b/ voiced Voiceless /p/

4. /p/ PHONEMIC AND
PHONETICS DISTRIBUTION

5. CONTRASTIVE TRANSFER
ANALYSIS
In light of the facts that L2 pronunciation It is important to examine some of
errors are often caused by the transfer of characteristics phonological difference
well-Established L1 sound system between Spanish and English
It is quiet reasonable to say that the natural of a foreign
accents is determined to a large extend by a learner´s
the native language. (Avery & Ehrich,1992)
Positive Transfer: Means language have the same element
with the same function
CONTRASTIVE TRANSFER
ANALYSIS (CTA) Negative Transfer: Means language the same element but
different function
Zero Transfer: Which means that and element is present in
one language but absent in the other

6. CONTRASTIVE TRANSFER ANALYSIS
/P/
The /p/ phonemic transfer is positive. This
means that the /p/ sound is likely similar in The /p/ phonetic transfer is zero and positive. This
both languages. It is voiceless bilabial oral implies that there are specifics sounds which occur just
stop. in one language but they are absent in the other one.

7. /b/ PRODUCTION
In Spanish, English and French /b/ sound is voiced,
bilabial, oral and stop.
/b/ PHONEMIC AND PHONETICS DISTRIBUTION

8. CONTRASTIVE
TRANSFER ANALYSIS
/b/

9. /t-d/ PRODUCTION PICTURE
/t/ /d/
Oral Oral
Apico-alveolar Apico-dental
Occlusive Occlusive
voiceless Voiced

10. /t/ PHONEMIC AND
PHONETIC DISTRIBUTION

11. CONTRASTIVE
TRANSFER ANALYSIS
/t/

12. /d/ PHONEMIC AND
PHONETIC DISTRIBUTION

13. CONTRASTIVE TRANSFER ANALYSIS
/d/

14. /K-G/ PRODUCTION
PICTURE
Oral Dorso-velar
Stop
/g/ voiced /k/ voiceless

15. /k/ PHONEMIC AND PHONETIC
DISTRIBUTION

16. CONTRASTIVE
TRANSFER ANALYSIS
/k/

17. CONTRASTIVE TRANSFER
ANALYSIS
/g/