This document describes the design and development of a plug-in type wireless data logger for energy measurement. The data logger is designed to accurately measure energy, voltage, current, and instantaneous power in real time for single-phase applications. It consists of hardware modules for energy measurement, data transmission, and reception. The energy measurement module uses a CS5460A chip to measure parameters. Data is transmitted wirelessly via Bluetooth and received on a computer interface. The system aims to provide low-cost real-time energy monitoring for appliances to encourage efficient energy usage.
A Generalized Multistage Economic Planning Model for Distribution System Cont...IJERD Editor
This document describes a smart energy meter system that allows for wireless billing and load management. The system consists of an energy meter installed at a customer's location that measures electricity usage and transmits readings wirelessly. A billing station then receives the data, calculates customer bills, and sends bills via text message. The meter can also send warning texts and disconnect power if usage exceeds limits. The system aims to reduce energy waste, provide more convenient billing, and allow remote disconnection for non-payment. It was found to be technically, economically, and commercially feasible to automate billing and load management using wireless communication compared to traditional manual processes.
Real Time E-metering and Automation of KCT College Campus using an Android Mo...Eswar Publications
Automation is the technology stemming from web of things. To make a smart world to provide comfort for human life is the main focus of the researchers. In the current automated industry Embedded systems and IOT (Internet of Things) is becoming highly efficient and mandatory to exhibit the potential market. While performing various operations, power consumption and efficiency is an important issue with the comfort level of user. The combination of embedded technology and IOT is represented by using E-controller which is the appropriate one for system’s energy consumption and efficiency experiments with size factor. The main objective of the system is real time information and data monitoring of energy consumption. The proposed system introduces the
implementation of IOT using embedded technology to simplistic the peripheral circuit and to lower the power consumption, thereby providing a high quality solution for a Smart Hostel Management and Information system.
This document reviews recent developments in technologies used for industrial automation data acquisition and control systems. It discusses how Ethernet, wireless LAN, Wi-Fi, and GPRS have allowed for more advanced connectivity solutions in industrial systems. The paper surveys several studies that have designed data acquisition and control systems using technologies like ARM processors, embedded web servers, and wireless connectivity to monitor and control industrial sensors and devices remotely over IP networks. These systems allow for increased reliability, flexibility, and real-time interaction compared to traditional automation solutions.
This paper presents a new smart monitoring system designed based on dc to dc converter for photovoltaic application. This system design according two parts to monitor input-output voltages and currents for dc/dc converter, (a) control system: the control system using Arduino NANO as microcontroller to read the measuring voltage and current values from sensor circuits of voltage and current. The measuring data send by Bluetooth HC-05 to end user (monitor system). Bluetooth as wireless communication between the control system and monitoring system (end users). (b) monitoring system: The monitoring system application program as a new application designed to monitor the received data from control system from safety distance (around 10m). the application program designed by the open source AppyBuilder software. The AppyBuilder is an open source software for easily building Android smartphone application. The advantages of the final circuit can be used to monitor step-up or step-down topologies, low-cost, and high-efficiency performance.
This document proposes a wireless IoT-based smart metering system for energy efficiency in smart cities. The system uses low-cost sensors to measure energy consumption and transmits data via Bluetooth to an Android app and online database for users and electricity providers. It was found to be 25% cheaper than competitors and reduced power consumption by 16%. The system accurately measures energy use and allows users to track usage, receive alerts on balances, and pay remotely via a prepaid model. This supports energy efficiency goals for smart cities through wireless monitoring and control of electricity consumption.
Power system automation refers to using instrumentation and control (I&C) devices to perform automatic decision making and control of the power system. Data is acquired from devices throughout the system and used for supervision and control by operators, engineers and automated processes. Intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) like remote terminal units, meters, and protective relays incorporate microprocessors to process and communicate data to monitor, control and protect the power system.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document discusses the application of smart energy meters in the Indian energy context. It begins with an introduction to the increasing demand for electricity in India and issues like energy theft and inaccurate metering. It then discusses how smart meters can address these issues through automated meter reading and two-way communication. The key components and functioning of a smart metering system are explained, including the microcontroller program, real-time clock, communication port, and software. Finally, the document provides a case study where a smart meter is installed in a residential building to monitor parameters like voltage, current and power factor over a period of time.
A Generalized Multistage Economic Planning Model for Distribution System Cont...IJERD Editor
This document describes a smart energy meter system that allows for wireless billing and load management. The system consists of an energy meter installed at a customer's location that measures electricity usage and transmits readings wirelessly. A billing station then receives the data, calculates customer bills, and sends bills via text message. The meter can also send warning texts and disconnect power if usage exceeds limits. The system aims to reduce energy waste, provide more convenient billing, and allow remote disconnection for non-payment. It was found to be technically, economically, and commercially feasible to automate billing and load management using wireless communication compared to traditional manual processes.
Real Time E-metering and Automation of KCT College Campus using an Android Mo...Eswar Publications
Automation is the technology stemming from web of things. To make a smart world to provide comfort for human life is the main focus of the researchers. In the current automated industry Embedded systems and IOT (Internet of Things) is becoming highly efficient and mandatory to exhibit the potential market. While performing various operations, power consumption and efficiency is an important issue with the comfort level of user. The combination of embedded technology and IOT is represented by using E-controller which is the appropriate one for system’s energy consumption and efficiency experiments with size factor. The main objective of the system is real time information and data monitoring of energy consumption. The proposed system introduces the
implementation of IOT using embedded technology to simplistic the peripheral circuit and to lower the power consumption, thereby providing a high quality solution for a Smart Hostel Management and Information system.
This document reviews recent developments in technologies used for industrial automation data acquisition and control systems. It discusses how Ethernet, wireless LAN, Wi-Fi, and GPRS have allowed for more advanced connectivity solutions in industrial systems. The paper surveys several studies that have designed data acquisition and control systems using technologies like ARM processors, embedded web servers, and wireless connectivity to monitor and control industrial sensors and devices remotely over IP networks. These systems allow for increased reliability, flexibility, and real-time interaction compared to traditional automation solutions.
This paper presents a new smart monitoring system designed based on dc to dc converter for photovoltaic application. This system design according two parts to monitor input-output voltages and currents for dc/dc converter, (a) control system: the control system using Arduino NANO as microcontroller to read the measuring voltage and current values from sensor circuits of voltage and current. The measuring data send by Bluetooth HC-05 to end user (monitor system). Bluetooth as wireless communication between the control system and monitoring system (end users). (b) monitoring system: The monitoring system application program as a new application designed to monitor the received data from control system from safety distance (around 10m). the application program designed by the open source AppyBuilder software. The AppyBuilder is an open source software for easily building Android smartphone application. The advantages of the final circuit can be used to monitor step-up or step-down topologies, low-cost, and high-efficiency performance.
This document proposes a wireless IoT-based smart metering system for energy efficiency in smart cities. The system uses low-cost sensors to measure energy consumption and transmits data via Bluetooth to an Android app and online database for users and electricity providers. It was found to be 25% cheaper than competitors and reduced power consumption by 16%. The system accurately measures energy use and allows users to track usage, receive alerts on balances, and pay remotely via a prepaid model. This supports energy efficiency goals for smart cities through wireless monitoring and control of electricity consumption.
Power system automation refers to using instrumentation and control (I&C) devices to perform automatic decision making and control of the power system. Data is acquired from devices throughout the system and used for supervision and control by operators, engineers and automated processes. Intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) like remote terminal units, meters, and protective relays incorporate microprocessors to process and communicate data to monitor, control and protect the power system.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document discusses the application of smart energy meters in the Indian energy context. It begins with an introduction to the increasing demand for electricity in India and issues like energy theft and inaccurate metering. It then discusses how smart meters can address these issues through automated meter reading and two-way communication. The key components and functioning of a smart metering system are explained, including the microcontroller program, real-time clock, communication port, and software. Finally, the document provides a case study where a smart meter is installed in a residential building to monitor parameters like voltage, current and power factor over a period of time.
This document is a seminar report submitted by Dhiraj Machhindra Bhalerao to North Maharashtra University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Engineering degree in Electrical Engineering. The seminar topic is "POWER SYSTEM AUTOMATION". The report includes a certificate from the seminar guide, a declaration by the author, acknowledgements, an abstract, and multiple chapters on topics related to power system automation including literature review, components of a power system, automation, and the status of automation in India.
This document describes a system for automating power house control using wireless communication. The system uses microcontrollers, wireless modules like Zigbee, and a web interface to remotely monitor and control power outlets. Sensors measure current and send data to a server module over Zigbee. The system can automatically cut off power if a bill is unpaid or if overload is detected. A software module with PHP, JavaScript etc. allows users to view power status on internet-connected devices. The wireless system is low-cost, low data rate, self-healing and provides energy usage information to users for power management remotely.
Dhiraj seminar # power system automationvision2d16
This document discusses power system automation and SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems. It describes the key components of SCADA including instrument transformers, transducers, relays, RTUs, meters, digital fault recorders, PLCs and HMIs. The advantages of power system automation are that it makes the system more efficient with less manpower and is flexible, simple and reliable. Some applications discussed are smart grids, smart meters and automatic generation control.
This document describes an automatic meter reading system that uses GSM technology to remotely obtain electricity meter readings and send them to the utility provider for billing purposes. Key features include an Arduino microcontroller that reads the meter pulses optically and sends readings via GSM to the provider on the 1st of each month. This system aims to reduce errors from manual reading and make disconnections easier in remote or dangerous areas by automating the reading and billing process. Components include an LCD to display readings, GSM module for communication, and relays controlled by the Arduino to power the system. The system is powered by 5V 500mA and sends readings as SMS messages to reduce costs and human effort compared to traditional manual meter reading methods.
This document discusses various components of an industrial automation and control system. It describes remote terminal units (RTUs) that collect field data and transfer it to other devices. It also explains instruments like current transformers and potential transformers that convert power signals to lower levels, as well as transducers that convert analog outputs. Additional components covered include meters, digital fault recorders, load tap changers, protective relays, and programmable logic controllers (PLCs). The document provides details on the functions of these various components that make up automation and control systems.
This document describes a proposed system for digitized meter readings and automated invoice generation. The current process involves utility representatives manually collecting meter readings, which can result in errors. The proposed system would attach each meter to a microcontroller that wirelessly transmits monthly readings to a local server. The server would then automatically generate invoices and send SMS alerts to customers. This system aims to eliminate human errors, reduce costs from manual collection, and allow real-time billing and usage analysis. It describes the components that would be used, including microcontrollers, wireless transmission modules, and a billing server to process readings into invoices.
Power system automation involves using instrumentation and control devices to automatically control the power system. It includes substation automation which uses data from intelligent electronic devices to control power system devices from remote locations. Substations transform voltage levels and may be owned by utilities or large industrial customers. Power system automation incorporates tasks like data acquisition, supervision of system conditions, and control of devices.
IoT Based Control and Monitoring of Smart Grid and Power Theft Detection by L...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using IoT technology to create a smart grid system for monitoring and controlling power distribution and detecting power theft. The system uses Raspberry Pi hubs connected to smart meters via Zigbee to collect power usage data from consumers and send it to the Azure cloud. This allows identifying locations of power theft by comparing total usage recorded at transformers to reported consumer usage. The system can also detect faults, notify consumers of outages or price changes, and allow excess power from solar installations to be returned to the grid.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a novel low-cost WAMPAC system for power network monitoring and control. The system uses data sampling units to measure voltage, current, and frequency from distribution feeders. A data concentrator unit timestamps the measurements using a GPS module and stores them in a database. A master controller provides remote monitoring and control via wireless communication. Various protection schemes like distance, overcurrent, differential and synchronizing are implemented for feeder protection and coordinated between the feeder and master controllers. The proposed low-cost design aims to provide reliable monitoring and protection at an affordable price for all power sectors.
Smart grids & smart meters allow for two-way communication between utilities and customers. They provide benefits like improved revenue management, reduced meter reading costs, and enhanced customer service. Smart metering is part of the evolution of advanced metering infrastructure and is key to enabling the functions of the smart grid, like demand response, outage management, and integrating renewable energy. However, consumers also have concerns about smart metering related to costs, benefits, privacy, and dynamic pricing that must be addressed.
This document provides an overview of power system automation and data acquisition systems. It discusses:
1) The role of data acquisition systems in power system automation and how they collect data from the power network using sensors and send it to programmable logic controllers and computers.
2) The key components of power system automation including electrical protection, control, measurement, monitoring, and data communication.
3) The architecture of power system automation including three levels - field equipment, protection/control equipment, and operator displays - connected by communication networks.
Mechatronics Engineering is concerned with the design of automated machines. It is based on a combination of mechanical, electronics, communication system, control system and software engineering, but is a distinctly different discipline to all three.
Mechatronics engineering differs from automation engineering in that its practitioners have a deep understanding of the performance analysis and design of complex machines. It differs from mechanical engineering in that its practitioners understand how automations can be designed and integrated into a machine very effectively to achieve an outcome.
Mechatronic engineers can work with electrical and mechanical systems together and solve problems that cross discipline boundaries. Their strength in IT, computer hardware and networking, as well as software, also helps them to be very versatile problem solvers. Writing and testing software for specialized computer systems and micro-controllers forms a major part of the work of many mechatronics engineers.
This seminar report presentation discusses the application of a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system. SCADA systems are used to remotely control equipment via coded signals over communication channels. The presentation will cover intelligent electronic devices, instrument transformers, transducers, meters, digital fault recorders, protective relays, and smart meters. It will also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of SCADA systems and power system automation. The government of India is integrating state power utilities and building a unified load dispatch center, demonstrating the increasing importance of automation.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Gsm or x10 based scada system for industrial automationeSAT Journals
This document summarizes a research paper on developing a SCADA system for industrial automation using GSM or X10 technology for remote monitoring and fault detection. The system uses a microcontroller to interface with sensors monitoring parameters like temperature, current and vibration. When faults are detected, SMS alerts or X10 signals are sent to notify operators. The system aims to provide low-cost remote monitoring capabilities. Key components discussed include the hardware architecture with a transmitter sending sensor data via GSM/X10 and a receiver presenting the data on a PC. Fault detection algorithms and applications to power system monitoring are also summarized.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
SCADA systems are used to monitor and control geographically dispersed assets, like pipelines, power grids, and water distribution systems. SCADA systems connect to physical equipment like sensors and valves and gather data which is sent to centralized data acquisition systems for monitoring and processing. Key components of SCADA systems include remote terminal units for data collection, programmable logic controllers, telemetry systems for data transfer, and human-machine interfaces for display of information. SCADA systems provide advantages like reduced costs and increased efficiency for monitoring large remote assets.
Hardware prototype of smart home energy management systemeSAT Journals
Abstract The development of ‘demand-side load management’ is the outcome of the smart grid initiative. Due to the significant amount of loads in the residential sector, home energy management has received increasing interest. In the country like India, we are lagging behind, in the power sector as the demand is much more than the supply. Moreover, there is not a single initiative, which has been taken for the deployment of smart suppliers and smart users. Here, I propose a hardware design of smart home energy management system (SHEMS). With the help of this proposed design, it is possible to have a real-time, price-responsive control strategy for domestic loads such as electrical water heater (EWH), illumination (Lights), air conditioning (Fan), dryer etc. Consumers may interact with suppliers or load serving entities (LSEs) to facilitate the load management at the supplier side. This system is designed with sensors to detect human activities and the behavior is predicted by applying a machine learning algorithm in order to help consumers reduce total payment on electricity. Finally, for the verification of the hardware system, simulation and experiment results will be checked based on an actual SHEMS prototype. Keywords: Demand side load management, Load Serving Entity (LSE), Smart Home Energy Management System (SHEMS), Smart Grid.
The document discusses the marketing strategies used by Megabus.com to reinvent budget bus travel. It describes setting up an online booking system with discount pricing, comfortable buses, and customer amenities. The initial marketing involved PR firms, print and digital ads, and a press launch in Chicago. Ongoing efforts include public relations, customer research, promotions, and using a mascot. Web marketing focuses on search engine optimization, emails, banners, affiliates, and social media. Videos were created for TV, networks, and safety. The overall goal is providing affordable bus service to keep people connected.
This document analyzes the energy in a Linear Variable Reluctance Motor Actuator (LVRM). LVRM is a modification of a Switched Reluctance Motor that operates based on transverse magnetic flux. The summary analyzes the magnetic field energy and co-field energy in the LVRM. It derives equations to calculate the magnetic force acting on the moving part of the LVRM based on the co-field energy and flux density. Key equations presented include those relating voltage, current, flux linkage and inductance to determine electrical power and stored energy in the LVRM.
This document describes a proposed system using microring resonators to generate entangled photon pairs for continuous variable quantum key distribution over long distances. Temporal and spatial solitons are generated within the microring resonators through a balance of dispersion and nonlinear effects. Different time slot entangled photon pairs are formed using a polarization control unit. Simulation results show localized solitons being obtained within the resonators and maintained over transmission distances of 60-80 km of fiber. The system has the potential to implement continuous variable quantum key distribution over optical communication links using optically-generated solitons and entangled photon pairs.
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of physics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in applied physics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
This document is a seminar report submitted by Dhiraj Machhindra Bhalerao to North Maharashtra University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Engineering degree in Electrical Engineering. The seminar topic is "POWER SYSTEM AUTOMATION". The report includes a certificate from the seminar guide, a declaration by the author, acknowledgements, an abstract, and multiple chapters on topics related to power system automation including literature review, components of a power system, automation, and the status of automation in India.
This document describes a system for automating power house control using wireless communication. The system uses microcontrollers, wireless modules like Zigbee, and a web interface to remotely monitor and control power outlets. Sensors measure current and send data to a server module over Zigbee. The system can automatically cut off power if a bill is unpaid or if overload is detected. A software module with PHP, JavaScript etc. allows users to view power status on internet-connected devices. The wireless system is low-cost, low data rate, self-healing and provides energy usage information to users for power management remotely.
Dhiraj seminar # power system automationvision2d16
This document discusses power system automation and SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems. It describes the key components of SCADA including instrument transformers, transducers, relays, RTUs, meters, digital fault recorders, PLCs and HMIs. The advantages of power system automation are that it makes the system more efficient with less manpower and is flexible, simple and reliable. Some applications discussed are smart grids, smart meters and automatic generation control.
This document describes an automatic meter reading system that uses GSM technology to remotely obtain electricity meter readings and send them to the utility provider for billing purposes. Key features include an Arduino microcontroller that reads the meter pulses optically and sends readings via GSM to the provider on the 1st of each month. This system aims to reduce errors from manual reading and make disconnections easier in remote or dangerous areas by automating the reading and billing process. Components include an LCD to display readings, GSM module for communication, and relays controlled by the Arduino to power the system. The system is powered by 5V 500mA and sends readings as SMS messages to reduce costs and human effort compared to traditional manual meter reading methods.
This document discusses various components of an industrial automation and control system. It describes remote terminal units (RTUs) that collect field data and transfer it to other devices. It also explains instruments like current transformers and potential transformers that convert power signals to lower levels, as well as transducers that convert analog outputs. Additional components covered include meters, digital fault recorders, load tap changers, protective relays, and programmable logic controllers (PLCs). The document provides details on the functions of these various components that make up automation and control systems.
This document describes a proposed system for digitized meter readings and automated invoice generation. The current process involves utility representatives manually collecting meter readings, which can result in errors. The proposed system would attach each meter to a microcontroller that wirelessly transmits monthly readings to a local server. The server would then automatically generate invoices and send SMS alerts to customers. This system aims to eliminate human errors, reduce costs from manual collection, and allow real-time billing and usage analysis. It describes the components that would be used, including microcontrollers, wireless transmission modules, and a billing server to process readings into invoices.
Power system automation involves using instrumentation and control devices to automatically control the power system. It includes substation automation which uses data from intelligent electronic devices to control power system devices from remote locations. Substations transform voltage levels and may be owned by utilities or large industrial customers. Power system automation incorporates tasks like data acquisition, supervision of system conditions, and control of devices.
IoT Based Control and Monitoring of Smart Grid and Power Theft Detection by L...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using IoT technology to create a smart grid system for monitoring and controlling power distribution and detecting power theft. The system uses Raspberry Pi hubs connected to smart meters via Zigbee to collect power usage data from consumers and send it to the Azure cloud. This allows identifying locations of power theft by comparing total usage recorded at transformers to reported consumer usage. The system can also detect faults, notify consumers of outages or price changes, and allow excess power from solar installations to be returned to the grid.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a novel low-cost WAMPAC system for power network monitoring and control. The system uses data sampling units to measure voltage, current, and frequency from distribution feeders. A data concentrator unit timestamps the measurements using a GPS module and stores them in a database. A master controller provides remote monitoring and control via wireless communication. Various protection schemes like distance, overcurrent, differential and synchronizing are implemented for feeder protection and coordinated between the feeder and master controllers. The proposed low-cost design aims to provide reliable monitoring and protection at an affordable price for all power sectors.
Smart grids & smart meters allow for two-way communication between utilities and customers. They provide benefits like improved revenue management, reduced meter reading costs, and enhanced customer service. Smart metering is part of the evolution of advanced metering infrastructure and is key to enabling the functions of the smart grid, like demand response, outage management, and integrating renewable energy. However, consumers also have concerns about smart metering related to costs, benefits, privacy, and dynamic pricing that must be addressed.
This document provides an overview of power system automation and data acquisition systems. It discusses:
1) The role of data acquisition systems in power system automation and how they collect data from the power network using sensors and send it to programmable logic controllers and computers.
2) The key components of power system automation including electrical protection, control, measurement, monitoring, and data communication.
3) The architecture of power system automation including three levels - field equipment, protection/control equipment, and operator displays - connected by communication networks.
Mechatronics Engineering is concerned with the design of automated machines. It is based on a combination of mechanical, electronics, communication system, control system and software engineering, but is a distinctly different discipline to all three.
Mechatronics engineering differs from automation engineering in that its practitioners have a deep understanding of the performance analysis and design of complex machines. It differs from mechanical engineering in that its practitioners understand how automations can be designed and integrated into a machine very effectively to achieve an outcome.
Mechatronic engineers can work with electrical and mechanical systems together and solve problems that cross discipline boundaries. Their strength in IT, computer hardware and networking, as well as software, also helps them to be very versatile problem solvers. Writing and testing software for specialized computer systems and micro-controllers forms a major part of the work of many mechatronics engineers.
This seminar report presentation discusses the application of a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system. SCADA systems are used to remotely control equipment via coded signals over communication channels. The presentation will cover intelligent electronic devices, instrument transformers, transducers, meters, digital fault recorders, protective relays, and smart meters. It will also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of SCADA systems and power system automation. The government of India is integrating state power utilities and building a unified load dispatch center, demonstrating the increasing importance of automation.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Gsm or x10 based scada system for industrial automationeSAT Journals
This document summarizes a research paper on developing a SCADA system for industrial automation using GSM or X10 technology for remote monitoring and fault detection. The system uses a microcontroller to interface with sensors monitoring parameters like temperature, current and vibration. When faults are detected, SMS alerts or X10 signals are sent to notify operators. The system aims to provide low-cost remote monitoring capabilities. Key components discussed include the hardware architecture with a transmitter sending sensor data via GSM/X10 and a receiver presenting the data on a PC. Fault detection algorithms and applications to power system monitoring are also summarized.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
SCADA systems are used to monitor and control geographically dispersed assets, like pipelines, power grids, and water distribution systems. SCADA systems connect to physical equipment like sensors and valves and gather data which is sent to centralized data acquisition systems for monitoring and processing. Key components of SCADA systems include remote terminal units for data collection, programmable logic controllers, telemetry systems for data transfer, and human-machine interfaces for display of information. SCADA systems provide advantages like reduced costs and increased efficiency for monitoring large remote assets.
Hardware prototype of smart home energy management systemeSAT Journals
Abstract The development of ‘demand-side load management’ is the outcome of the smart grid initiative. Due to the significant amount of loads in the residential sector, home energy management has received increasing interest. In the country like India, we are lagging behind, in the power sector as the demand is much more than the supply. Moreover, there is not a single initiative, which has been taken for the deployment of smart suppliers and smart users. Here, I propose a hardware design of smart home energy management system (SHEMS). With the help of this proposed design, it is possible to have a real-time, price-responsive control strategy for domestic loads such as electrical water heater (EWH), illumination (Lights), air conditioning (Fan), dryer etc. Consumers may interact with suppliers or load serving entities (LSEs) to facilitate the load management at the supplier side. This system is designed with sensors to detect human activities and the behavior is predicted by applying a machine learning algorithm in order to help consumers reduce total payment on electricity. Finally, for the verification of the hardware system, simulation and experiment results will be checked based on an actual SHEMS prototype. Keywords: Demand side load management, Load Serving Entity (LSE), Smart Home Energy Management System (SHEMS), Smart Grid.
The document discusses the marketing strategies used by Megabus.com to reinvent budget bus travel. It describes setting up an online booking system with discount pricing, comfortable buses, and customer amenities. The initial marketing involved PR firms, print and digital ads, and a press launch in Chicago. Ongoing efforts include public relations, customer research, promotions, and using a mascot. Web marketing focuses on search engine optimization, emails, banners, affiliates, and social media. Videos were created for TV, networks, and safety. The overall goal is providing affordable bus service to keep people connected.
This document analyzes the energy in a Linear Variable Reluctance Motor Actuator (LVRM). LVRM is a modification of a Switched Reluctance Motor that operates based on transverse magnetic flux. The summary analyzes the magnetic field energy and co-field energy in the LVRM. It derives equations to calculate the magnetic force acting on the moving part of the LVRM based on the co-field energy and flux density. Key equations presented include those relating voltage, current, flux linkage and inductance to determine electrical power and stored energy in the LVRM.
This document describes a proposed system using microring resonators to generate entangled photon pairs for continuous variable quantum key distribution over long distances. Temporal and spatial solitons are generated within the microring resonators through a balance of dispersion and nonlinear effects. Different time slot entangled photon pairs are formed using a polarization control unit. Simulation results show localized solitons being obtained within the resonators and maintained over transmission distances of 60-80 km of fiber. The system has the potential to implement continuous variable quantum key distribution over optical communication links using optically-generated solitons and entangled photon pairs.
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of physics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in applied physics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
This document summarizes recent trends in photovoltaic technology that are helping to reduce costs and improve performance of solar installations. It discusses nanostructure solar cells being developed at Princeton University that use a plasmonic cavity structure to trap light and achieve up to 175% higher efficiency than conventional solar cells. The document also briefly mentions an all-carbon solar cell developed at Stanford University as an alternative to expensive materials traditionally used in photovoltaics.
The document describes a video watermarking scheme based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and principal component analysis (PCA) for copyright protection. The scheme embeds a binary logo watermark into video frames by applying DWT to decompose frames into sub-bands, then applying block-based PCA on sub-blocks of low and high frequency sub-bands. The watermark is embedded into the principal components of the sub-blocks. Algorithms are provided for applying DWT, PCA transforms, and embedding and extracting the watermark. The scheme aims to provide imperceptibility, robustness against attacks, and ownership protection for digital video content.
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Response of Watermelon to Five Different Rates of Poultry Manure in Asaba Are...IOSR Journals
The document discusses experimental research designs, specifically pretest-posttest designs. It begins by explaining true experimental designs that use control and experimental groups, with pretests and posttests to both groups.
It then discusses different pretest-posttest designs in more detail, including Solomon four group designs. The Solomon four group design involves four groups - two groups that receive a pretest and posttest, one that only receives a posttest, and one that only receives a pretest.
The document provides an example of how pretest-posttest designs could be used to study the effects of fertilizers in agriculture. It evaluates the internal and external validity of different experimental designs and their ability to control for confounding variables
International Medical Careers Forum Oct 15 2016 Sharing My Own Trip Dr Ameed ...Odyssey Recruitment
Dr Ameed Hamid, International Dentist of the Year 2011 and Director of the Saudi British Medical Forum, shares his trip from Iraq to UK to Saudi Arabia and the brilliant career he has built between these countries. He shares tips for making your career a success in the Gulf states, the advantages the Gulf has to offer and how to make the best of the opportunities which are available.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes new schemes called Power Spectral Density (PSD) and Spectral Flatness Measure (SFM) to detect camouflaging worms (C-worms). C-worms are a new type of worm that can hide their traffic patterns to avoid detection by existing anti-worm software. The proposed schemes aim to differentiate C-worm traffic from normal background traffic and normal worm traffic in the frequency domain, since their traffic patterns cannot be differentiated in the time domain. The results of applying PSD and SFM showed they were effective in detecting C-worms while existing detection systems could not distinguish C-worm and normal worm traffic.
The document evaluates the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Karuvilanchi ver chooranam (KVC), the root powder of Smilax zeylanica, in rodent models. The results showed that KVC significantly increased the reaction time in hot plate test and inhibited acetic acid-induced writhing responses in mice, indicating its analgesic effects. KVC also significantly reduced formalin-induced paw edema in rats and cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation, demonstrating its anti-inflammatory properties. The study confirms the traditional use of KVC for pain and inflammation management.
Advances in Automatic Speech Recognition: From Audio-Only To Audio-Visual Sp...IOSR Journals
This document discusses advances in automatic speech recognition from audio-only to audio-visual speech recognition. It begins by providing background on early work in speech recognition and limitations of audio-only systems. It then describes the key components of audio-visual speech recognition including the audio component, visual component involving face/feature extraction and image processing, and audio-visual integration. Applications of audio-only systems like Siri and voice search are mentioned. The performance benefits of incorporating visual information to enhance noise robustness are discussed.
This document discusses using a virtual machine monitor (VMM) to provide resilient execution of critical applications even when the operating system is corrupted. The VMM monitors application execution and memory to detect corruption and uses error recovery techniques like Luby Transform and Reed-Solomon codes to repair corruption and allow continued application execution. Experimental results show the VMM approach imposes reasonable memory and performance overhead. The VMM protects applications from memory corruption attacks and denial of service attacks by repairing corruption and preventing termination.
Pixel Ad Mall :: Advertising the Pixel Waybelieve52
Pixel Ad Mall is an India-based company that sells small blocks of advertising space called "pixels" on their website. Pixels are usually 10x10 blocks that link to an advertiser's website. The company aims to drive traffic and provide value to customers by investing in search engine optimization and keyword advertising. Pixels currently cost $0.20 each or $20 for 100 pixels, though the price may rise once 100,000 pixels have been sold. In addition to pixel sales, the site also functions as a directory for other pixel-based advertising sites.
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
On The Automated Classification of Web Pages Using Artificial Neural NetworkIOSR Journals
This document discusses using artificial neural networks (ANN) for automated classification of web pages. It proposes a novel approach that uses HTML information from web pages, such as meta-tags and titles, rather than just textual content. Existing methods of web page classification are discussed, including using support vector machines, naive Bayes trees, and decision trees. The document also provides background on types of web page classification problems and compares different machine learning algorithms that have been used for classification, such as naive Bayes models and decision trees. It then introduces the proposed approach of using ANN for multi-class web page classification into predefined categories based on HTML element information.
Oxford is home to many historic colleges and buildings, including Christ Church which features Tom Tower and Peckwater Quad, as well as the Bodleian Library, New College, Magdalen College with its cloister and hall, and Keble College chapel.
Proyecto final Topicos Avanzados En TelecomunicacionesFrancisco Sanchez
El documento describe un proyecto para implementar una solución de VoIP utilizando Asterisk como software PBX libre para permitir la comunicación entre dos oficinas de una empresa que actualmente usan teléfonos públicos. Explica que Asterisk es un software PBX completo y libre que funciona en Linux y soporta códecs como G.711, G.729 y protocolos como SIP e IAX. También describe tarjetas de hardware como Digium que soportan Asterisk y conceptos como FXS y FXO para conectar líneas telefónicas.
1) The document proposes a ubiquitous virtual currency system as an alternative to physical currency to address issues of deforestation and environmental impact.
2) In the proposed system, every citizen registers with a recognized bank and is provided a SIM card for contactless payments using biometrics. Transactions can be initiated by holding phones near each other or requesting bank approval for larger transfers.
3) Shops and other businesses would be equipped with biometric scanners to process payments. The system aims to make currency accessible anywhere through interconnected mobile and banking technology.
This is a complete automated solution for the existing energy distribution and monitoring system in
India,which can monitor the meter readings continuously and take necessary actions to maintain the power
grid stable. A Power Line Communication (PLC) based modem is integrated with each electronic energy
meter. Through PLC the meters communicate with the coordinator. Coordinator makes use of GPRS modem
to upload/download data to/from internet. A personal computer with an internet connection at the other end,
which contains the database acts as the billing point. Live meter reading sent back to this billing point
periodically and these details are updated in a central database. An interactive, user friendly graphical
interface is present at user end. All the energy logs, notices from the Government, billing details and average
statistics will be available here. The system splits the loads into critical loads and non critical loads. This
makes the distribution system more intelligent. More over prior information about the power cuts can be
done. We can easily implement many add-ons such as energy demand prediction, real time dynamic tariff as
a function of demand and supply and so on.
This is a complete automated solution for the existing energy distribution and monitoring system in
India,which can monitor the meter readings continuously and take necessary actions to maintain the power
grid stable. A Power Line Communication (PLC) based modem is integrated with each electronic energy
meter. Through PLC the meters communicate with the coordinator. Coordinator makes use of GPRS modem
to upload/download data to/from internet. A personal computer with an internet connection at the other end,
which contains the database acts as the billing point. Live meter reading sent back to this billing point
periodically and these details are updated in a central database. An interactive, user friendly graphical
interface is present at user end. All the energy logs, notices from the Government, billing details and average
statistics will be available here. The system splits the loads into critical loads and non critical loads. This
makes the distribution system more intelligent. More over prior information about the power cuts can be
done. We can easily implement many add-ons such as energy demand prediction, real time dynamic tariff as
a function of demand and supply and so on.
This document summarizes a proposed cognitive energy distribution system for India. The system uses power line communication between electronic energy meters and coordinators. Meters communicate meter readings to coordinators via PLC, and coordinators upload data to a central database via GPRS. The system allows for remote meter reading and monitoring to reduce energy theft and inefficiencies. It also enables features like critical and non-critical load control, dynamic tariffs based on demand, and energy demand prediction to improve distribution system stability and reliability.
IRJET - Smart Power Monitoring and Controlling through IoTIRJET Journal
The document describes a smart power monitoring and controlling system using IoT. The system uses sensors to monitor power consumption from appliances. It sends the power data to a cloud server using WiFi. This allows users to access the data and control appliances remotely through a mobile app. The system aims to reduce wastage by automatically turning off appliances when not in use, and allowing users to set power limits.
IRJET- Design and Implement Mechanism for Efficient Energy Meter using IoTIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed smart electricity meter system using IoT. The system would automate the manual process of monthly electricity bill calculation and reading. Sensors in the electricity meter would collect real-time energy consumption data and send it wirelessly to a centralized system. This would make the billing process more accurate and efficient by eliminating human error. It could also provide load monitoring to strengthen the electricity distribution system based on usage patterns. The proposed system aims to reduce costs for utilities while providing users with more control over their electricity usage and billing.
The document describes a new age energy monitoring system that provides constant monitoring of energy consumption with additional functionality of a miniature circuit breaker. The system uses an ESP32 board with built-in WiFi and an ADE7753 energy meter IC to measure energy parameters. A website provides a user interface for users to check their energy consumption and input circuit breaker values. Key features include low cost, energy monitoring over WiFi, settable usage limits to cut power if exceeded, a flexible GUI website, data collection for consumption analysis, and precise billing. The system aims to make the energy monitoring process more efficient and hassle-free for consumers.
Power house automation using wireless communicationeSAT Journals
Abstract The design is established for the automation of power house system. It shows how to remotely control and monitor power, automatically cut-off power on a single click using micro-controller based switches, wireless hardware module and web user interface during the shortage of power for power management or when bill is not paid. Web user interface shows complete information and power status of consumer stored in database; the data in a database is collected from remote module. To implement this, the wireless technologies used are IR module, zigbee module and server module through internet, PDA using graphical user interface and through smart phones. Static state relay for controlling power on/off outlets and sensors used to sense electric current being used by electric outlets. To measure power a measuring circuit senses the current and sends back a signal to the server module through zigbee the measured data is stored in embedded board and they are designed to become aware of any overload and to send a message to the circuit breaker for safety. PHP, JavaScript, html, CSS are used here to design a web user interface to provide a user-friendly operation of electric outlets. The proposed power outlet monitors the power consumption for the predetermined time and to completely cut-off power supply when the monitored power is below threshold. To efficiently manage the power outlets, the zigbee has several on board switches to wake up the power outlets and control them. The wireless communication module integrates several ac power sockets and a plug-in low power microcontroller performs power on/off switching of sockets. This system is used for power saving purpose and using wireless communication includes low cost, low data rate, self healing system and provides energy usage information to user on internet. The device works online so all the data are received in real time and the whole power system in home area can be managed in the remote area.
Keywords: Power house system, Switches, Relays, Wireless technology, HyperTerminal, Wamp Server, Net beans.
IRJET- Iot Based Smart Energy MonitoringIRJET Journal
This document describes an IOT-based smart energy monitoring system that uses an Arduino microcontroller and ESP8266 WiFi module. The system measures energy consumption in watts using a current sensor and displays the readings on an LCD screen and online via a webpage. It allows users to remotely monitor energy usage in real-time. If energy usage exceeds a threshold, the system can detect theft. The system aims to automate meter readings, optimize energy usage, and reduce wastage by providing usage data to consumers.
IRJET - Dynamic Domestic Energy Utility Monitoring and Management using IoTIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed smart domestic energy monitoring and management system using IoT. The system aims to automatically collect energy meter readings digitally and update them to an IoT server without the need for manual meter reading by utility workers. This is done using an Arduino microcontroller interfaced with energy sensors and connected to the IoT server via WiFi. The system would allow electricity usage details and billing information to be digitally communicated to homeowners. It could help make the billing process more accurate and reduce costs for the electricity department and customers.
This document proposes the design of an energy meter reading system using GSM that allows remote monitoring and control. It aims to address irregularities in traditional meter reading like human errors in billing and energy theft. The system uses a microcontroller connected to an energy meter, GSM modem, LCD display and relay. The microcontroller can remotely obtain meter readings via GSM, control loads by switching the relay, and disconnect power in case of theft. This allows utilities to monitor usage without physical visits and reduces revenue losses.
Implementation and Controlling of Electrical Appliances by using BluetoothIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed system for implementing and controlling electrical appliances using Bluetooth technology. The proposed system allows users to monitor and operate devices connected over a Bluetooth network from within Bluetooth range. It discusses the existing manual control systems and outlines the components of the proposed automated system, including a microcontroller connected to a Bluetooth module to receive control signals from an Android mobile device. The system then uses relays to operate loads like lamps and fans based on the user commands. It provides schematics, advantages and results of testing different control commands to operate the electrical appliances over Bluetooth. Future scopes to improve the system's range and circuit board design are also mentioned.
IRJET-IoT based Smart Electricity Meter and Power Theft DetectionIRJET Journal
This document proposes an IoT-based smart electricity meter and power theft detection system. The system uses a microcontroller connected to an electricity meter to automatically read consumption data. It sends this data daily to a database via the internet and to users via GSM. Users can access their consumption via an app or website. If consumption exceeds a limit, the power supply is automatically cut off. The system also detects power theft by comparing meter readings at the distribution post and user end - if there is a discrepancy, a theft message is sent to the utility and user. This automated system aims to improve billing accuracy, provide real-time usage data to users, and help reduce power theft.
Power Factor Detection and Data AnalyticsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a project that aims to provide a secure and efficient medium for transferring power factor and other power parameter data from a server to clients via an Android application. The project involves using smart meters to detect power factor values and other metrics through a zero-crossing method. An Android app is developed to allow users to access this encrypted data for analysis and comparison of load efficiency. Hardware is implemented using current and voltage sensors connected to a microcontroller. Calculations are performed to determine power, power factor, penalty costs, and consumption. Data is sent securely to a database and decrypted for viewing on the app. The goal is to allow real-time analytics of industrial power usage to improve efficiency.
Energy scavenging using vibrations from bluetooth controlled DC motorTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Wide spectrum of research for application-based solutions has grown due to the requirement of automation of general electrical appliances. A low-cost solution is presented in this paper to control DC motor using Bluetooth module and controlled by an ARM processor. The main objective here is to build an efficient closed loop system which is wirelessly controlled by ARM processor 2103 using Bluetooth module and Bluetooth dongle. The system suggested here is expandable and can be integrated with latest technologies as well. The paper gives the details of the prototype for home automation system and gives the expected results with 0.1% tolerance. It also suggests the ways to integrate this system with the mobile phones and hence control the devices with the mobile handsets. The vibration frequency of the DC motor is used to generate electrical potential using MEMS tecnonlogy. A novel idea of self powered DC motor is thus presented by installing MEMS based energy harvester on the motor shaft.
IRJET- Monitoring and Controlling Power using Zigbee CommunicationIRJET Journal
This document discusses using Zigbee communication for monitoring and controlling power in a smart grid system. It describes several hardware architectures that use Zigbee devices to remotely monitor home appliance power usage and control appliances on or off. Zigbee is identified as a suitable wireless communication protocol for these applications due to its low data rate, low power consumption, and ability to communicate over distances up to 200 meters.
IRJET-Simulation of Smart Meter Using Proteus software for Smart GridIRJET Journal
This document describes a simulation of a smart meter using Proteus software for a smart grid system. It involves designing a Zigbee-based smart power meter that can read power consumption and communicate data wirelessly to a utility server. The smart meter implementation uses an ARM cortex M4 microcontroller to monitor power usage and transmit consumption details via Zigbee modules. The simulation is done using Embedded C in Proteus along with a CCS compiler. Key aspects covered include the system design, Zigbee technology, tarang communication modules, the smart meter operation flowchart, components like relays and transformers, and benefits of smart grids and smart metering.
Simulation of Smart Meter Using Proteus software for Smart GridIRJET Journal
This document discusses the simulation of a smart meter using Proteus software for a smart grid. It describes using a Zigbee wireless communication network with an ARM cortex M4 microcontroller to monitor power consumption in a home and transmit that data to a utility server. The smart meter can measure voltage, current, power usage, set a monthly budget, and send billing information via SMS. It aims to automate meter reading and billing to reduce errors and labor costs compared to traditional meters. The document outlines the methodology, including using the microcontroller to transmit power usage data via Zigbee to a receiver unit and utility for monitoring and billing.
IRJET - Hybrid Model of Smart Energy Consumption Monitoring SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes a hybrid smart energy consumption monitoring system that uses Internet of Things concepts. The system includes hardware components like sensors, a controller unit, relay, power supply, LCD display and GSM module. It also includes software components like a web server and mobile application. The system acquires data from current and voltage sensors, performs power calculations, and sends notifications to users about energy consumption via the mobile application. It can also shut down the system if high voltage is detected to prevent accidents. The system stores data in the cloud and allows remote monitoring and control of electrical appliances through machine-to-machine communication between devices and the internet.
This document presents a design for an IoT-based smart energy meter. Key features include:
1) The energy meter measures energy consumption and transmits readings to a cloud platform via an Arduino, ESP8266 WiFi module, and ThingSpeak. This allows for automatic remote meter reading and billing.
2) Additional features include consumption thresholds that trigger alerts and automatic power cuts, helping users monitor and reduce energy usage.
3) The smart meter is intended to address issues with traditional meters like manual readings prone to errors, lack of remote monitoring, and inability to detect transmission line faults.
IRJET- Multiple Load Controller for Industry using ARM CortexIRJET Journal
This document describes a multiple load controller system for industrial automation that uses an ARM cortex processor. The system allows for synchronized control and speed of multiple motors to ensure smooth automation processes. An ARM processor constantly supplies PWM signals to operate motors at desired speeds while maintaining synchronization between motors. The system was developed to address issues where synchronization errors in automation lines can damage manufacturing processes. It demonstrates synchronized movement of multiple motors and could enable fast and precise output from automation lines using large industrial motors.
Similar to Design And Development of A Plug-In Type Wireless Data Logger for Energy Measurement (20)
This document provides a technical review of secure banking using RSA and AES encryption methodologies. It discusses how RSA and AES are commonly used encryption standards for secure data transmission between ATMs and bank servers. The document first provides background on ATM security measures and risks of attacks. It then reviews related work analyzing encryption techniques. The document proposes using a one-time password in addition to a PIN for ATM authentication. It concludes that implementing encryption standards like RSA and AES can make transactions more secure and build trust in online banking.
This document analyzes the performance of various modulation schemes for achieving energy efficient communication over fading channels in wireless sensor networks. It finds that for long transmission distances, low-order modulations like BPSK are optimal due to their lower SNR requirements. However, as transmission distance decreases, higher-order modulations like 16-QAM and 64-QAM become more optimal since they can transmit more bits per symbol, outweighing their higher SNR needs. Simulations show lifetime extensions up to 550% are possible in short-range networks by using higher-order modulations instead of just BPSK. The optimal modulation depends on transmission distance and balancing the energy used by electronic components versus power amplifiers.
This document provides a review of mobility management techniques in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). It discusses three modes of communication in VANETs: vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), and hybrid vehicle (HV) communication. For each communication mode, different mobility management schemes are required due to their unique characteristics. The document also discusses mobility management challenges in VANETs and outlines some open research issues in improving mobility management for seamless communication in these dynamic networks.
This document provides a review of different techniques for segmenting brain MRI images to detect tumors. It compares the K-means and Fuzzy C-means clustering algorithms. K-means is an exclusive clustering algorithm that groups data points into distinct clusters, while Fuzzy C-means is an overlapping clustering algorithm that allows data points to belong to multiple clusters. The document finds that Fuzzy C-means requires more time for brain tumor detection compared to other methods like hierarchical clustering or K-means. It also reviews related work applying these clustering algorithms to segment brain MRI images.
1) The document simulates and compares the performance of AODV and DSDV routing protocols in a mobile ad hoc network under three conditions: when users are fixed, when users move towards the base station, and when users move away from the base station.
2) The results show that both protocols have higher packet delivery and lower packet loss when users are either fixed or moving towards the base station, since signal strength is better in those scenarios. Performance degrades when users move away from the base station due to weaker signals.
3) AODV generally has better performance than DSDV, with higher throughput and packet delivery rates observed across the different user mobility conditions.
This document describes the design and implementation of 4-bit QPSK and 256-bit QAM modulation techniques using MATLAB. It compares the two techniques based on SNR, BER, and efficiency. The key steps of implementing each technique in MATLAB are outlined, including generating random bits, modulation, adding noise, and measuring BER. Simulation results show scatter plots and eye diagrams of the modulated signals. A table compares the results, showing that 256-bit QAM provides better performance than 4-bit QPSK. The document concludes that QAM modulation is more effective for digital transmission systems.
The document proposes a hybrid technique using Anisotropic Scale Invariant Feature Transform (A-SIFT) and Robust Ensemble Support Vector Machine (RESVM) to accurately identify faces in images. A-SIFT improves upon traditional SIFT by applying anisotropic scaling to extract richer directional keypoints. Keypoints are processed with RESVM and hypothesis testing to increase accuracy above 95% by repeatedly reprocessing images until the threshold is met. The technique was tested on similar and different facial images and achieved better results than SIFT in retrieval time and reduced keypoints.
This document studies the effects of dielectric superstrate thickness on microstrip patch antenna parameters. Three types of probes-fed patch antennas (rectangular, circular, and square) were designed to operate at 2.4 GHz using Arlondiclad 880 substrate. The antennas were tested with and without an Arlondiclad 880 superstrate of varying thicknesses. It was found that adding a superstrate slightly degraded performance by lowering the resonant frequency and increasing return loss and VSWR, while decreasing bandwidth and gain. Specifically, increasing the superstrate thickness or dielectric constant resulted in greater changes to the antenna parameters.
This document describes a wireless environment monitoring system that utilizes soil energy as a sustainable power source for wireless sensors. The system uses a microbial fuel cell to generate electricity from the microbial activity in soil. Two microbial fuel cells were created using different soil types and various additives to produce different current and voltage outputs. An electronic circuit was designed on a printed circuit board with components like a microcontroller and ZigBee transceiver. Sensors for temperature and humidity were connected to the circuit to monitor the environment wirelessly. The system provides a low-cost way to power remote sensors without needing battery replacement and avoids the high costs of wiring a power source.
1) The document proposes a model for a frequency tunable inverted-F antenna that uses ferrite material.
2) The resonant frequency of the antenna can be significantly shifted from 2.41GHz to 3.15GHz, a 31% shift, by increasing the static magnetic field placed on the ferrite material.
3) Altering the permeability of the ferrite allows tuning of the antenna's resonant frequency without changing the physical dimensions, providing flexibility to operate over a wide frequency range.
This document summarizes a research paper that presents a speech enhancement method using stationary wavelet transform. The method first classifies speech into voiced, unvoiced, and silence regions based on short-time energy. It then applies different thresholding techniques to the wavelet coefficients of each region - modified hard thresholding for voiced speech, semi-soft thresholding for unvoiced speech, and setting coefficients to zero for silence. Experimental results using speech from the TIMIT database corrupted with white Gaussian noise at various SNR levels show improved performance over other popular denoising methods.
This document reviews the design of an energy-optimized wireless sensor node that encrypts data for transmission. It discusses how sensing schemes that group nodes into clusters and transmit aggregated data can reduce energy consumption compared to individual node transmissions. The proposed node design calculates the minimum transmission power needed based on received signal strength and uses a periodic sleep/wake cycle to optimize energy when not sensing or transmitting. It aims to encrypt data at both the node and network level to further optimize energy usage for wireless communication.
This document discusses group consumption modes. It analyzes factors that impact group consumption, including external environmental factors like technological developments enabling new forms of online and offline interactions, as well as internal motivational factors at both the group and individual level. The document then proposes that group consumption modes can be divided into four types based on two dimensions: vertical (group relationship intensity) and horizontal (consumption action period). These four types are instrument-oriented, information-oriented, enjoyment-oriented, and relationship-oriented consumption modes. Finally, the document notes that consumption modes are dynamic and can evolve over time.
The document summarizes a study of different microstrip patch antenna configurations with slotted ground planes. Three antenna designs were proposed and their performance evaluated through simulation: a conventional square patch, an elliptical patch, and a star-shaped patch. All antennas were mounted on an FR4 substrate. The effects of adding different slot patterns to the ground plane on resonance frequency, bandwidth, gain and efficiency were analyzed parametrically. Key findings were that reshaping the patch and adding slots increased bandwidth and shifted resonance frequency. The elliptical and star patches in particular performed better than the conventional design. Three antenna configurations were selected for fabrication and measurement based on the simulations: a conventional patch with a slot under the patch, an elliptical patch with slots
1) The document describes a study conducted to improve call drop rates in a GSM network through RF optimization.
2) Drive testing was performed before and after optimization using TEMS software to record network parameters like RxLevel, RxQuality, and events.
3) Analysis found call drops were occurring due to issues like handover failures between sectors, interference from adjacent channels, and overshooting due to antenna tilt.
4) Corrective actions taken included defining neighbors between sectors, adjusting frequencies to reduce interference, and lowering the mechanical tilt of an antenna.
5) Post-optimization drive testing showed improvements in RxLevel, RxQuality, and a reduction in dropped calls.
This document describes the design of an intelligent autonomous wheeled robot that uses RF transmission for communication. The robot has two modes - automatic mode where it can make its own decisions, and user control mode where a user can control it remotely. It is designed using a microcontroller and can perform tasks like object recognition using computer vision and color detection in MATLAB, as well as wall painting using pneumatic systems. The robot's movement is controlled by DC motors and it uses sensors like ultrasonic sensors and gas sensors to navigate autonomously. RF transmission allows communication between the robot and a remote control unit. The overall aim is to develop a low-cost robotic system for industrial applications like material handling.
This document reviews cryptography techniques to secure the Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol in mobile ad-hoc networks. It discusses various types of attacks on AODV like impersonation, denial of service, eavesdropping, black hole attacks, wormhole attacks, and Sybil attacks. It then proposes using the RC6 cryptography algorithm to secure AODV by encrypting data packets and detecting and removing malicious nodes launching black hole attacks. Simulation results show that after applying RC6, the packet delivery ratio and throughput of AODV increase while delay decreases, improving the security and performance of the network under attack.
The document describes a proposed modification to the conventional Booth multiplier that aims to increase its speed by applying concepts from Vedic mathematics. Specifically, it utilizes the Urdhva Tiryakbhyam formula to generate all partial products concurrently rather than sequentially. The proposed 8x8 bit multiplier was coded in VHDL, simulated, and found to have a path delay 44.35% lower than a conventional Booth multiplier, demonstrating its potential for higher speed.
This document discusses image deblurring techniques. It begins by introducing image restoration and focusing on image deblurring. It then discusses challenges with image deblurring being an ill-posed problem. It reviews existing approaches to screen image deconvolution including estimating point spread functions and iteratively estimating blur kernels and sharp images. The document also discusses handling spatially variant blur and summarizes the relationship between the proposed method and previous work for different blur types. It proposes using color filters in the aperture to exploit parallax cues for segmentation and blur estimation. Finally, it proposes moving the image sensor circularly during exposure to prevent high frequency attenuation from motion blur.
This document describes modeling an adaptive controller for an aircraft roll control system using PID, fuzzy-PID, and genetic algorithm. It begins by introducing the aircraft roll control system and motivation for developing an adaptive controller to minimize errors from noisy analog sensor signals. It then provides the mathematical model of aircraft roll dynamics and describes modeling the real-time flight control system in MATLAB/Simulink. The document evaluates PID, fuzzy-PID, and PID-GA (genetic algorithm) controllers for aircraft roll control and finds that the PID-GA controller delivers the best performance.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Software Testing + Agile Method...Prakhyath Rai
Software Testing: A Strategic Approach to Software Testing, Strategic Issues, Test Strategies for Conventional Software, Test Strategies for Object -Oriented Software, Validation Testing, System Testing, The Art of Debugging.
Agile Methodology: Before Agile – Waterfall, Agile Development.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Prakhyath Rai
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
Build the Next Generation of Apps with the Einstein 1 Platform.
Rejoignez Philippe Ozil pour une session de workshops qui vous guidera à travers les détails de la plateforme Einstein 1, l'importance des données pour la création d'applications d'intelligence artificielle et les différents outils et technologies que Salesforce propose pour vous apporter tous les bénéfices de l'IA.
Blood finder application project report (1).pdfKamal Acharya
Blood Finder is an emergency time app where a user can search for the blood banks as
well as the registered blood donors around Mumbai. This application also provide an
opportunity for the user of this application to become a registered donor for this user have
to enroll for the donor request from the application itself. If the admin wish to make user
a registered donor, with some of the formalities with the organization it can be done.
Specialization of this application is that the user will not have to register on sign-in for
searching the blood banks and blood donors it can be just done by installing the
application to the mobile.
The purpose of making this application is to save the user’s time for searching blood of
needed blood group during the time of the emergency.
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Design And Development of A Plug-In Type Wireless Data Logger for Energy Measurement
1. IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE)
e-ISSN: 2278-1676,p-ISSN: 2320-3331, Volume 6, Issue 2 (May. - Jun. 2013), PP 15-20
www.iosrjournals.org
www.iosrjournals.org 15 | Page
Design And Development of A Plug-In Type Wireless Data Logger
for Energy Measurement
D. D. Vyas1
, H. N. Pandya2
1
Department of Electronics & Communication , Darshan Institute of Engg. & Technology, India
2
Department of Electronics, Saurashtra University, India
ABSTRACT : Increasing demand of electrical energy and its rising prices have enforced the need of
managing usage of electrical energy more efficiently. This requires regular monitoring of electrical appliances
to timely identify inefficient energy consumption due to faulty conditions, inefficient designs, user negligence,
etc. In this paper, design and development of a low-cost wireless data logger is presented that aims to
accurately measure the value of energy and related parameters like VRMS, IRMS and instantaneous power in real
time for single phase applications. The proposed data logger acts as a plug-in device that can easily be
introduced between mains and the appliance. The system can collect the data in real time and communicate it to
a computer over a Bluetooth based wireless link. The computer hosts a simple graphical user interface (GUI)
based application that allows user to log the data as and when required. The proposed data logger is designed
using CS5460A single phase bi-directional power/energy IC from Cirrus logic interfaced with AVR ATmega32
microcontroller. A wireless link between is established using AUBTM-20 Bluetooth modules. Serial EEPROM is
also included in the proposed design to store the data locally on the board for later use. GUI for the data logger
has been designed using MATLAB.
Keywords - Bluetooth , Data logger, Energy monitoring, , Embedded system, Real time monitoring
I. INTRODUCTION
Home as well as industries consumes much more electric energy than required mainly due to inefficient
designs, faulty devices and user’s negligence. Studies show that about five to fifteen per cent of energy can be
saved if devices are monitored and handled efficiently [1]. However, the normal energy metering system that
generally exists only give the total amount of energy consumed and thus user is not able to monitor the amount
of electricity being used by individual appliance and are also not able to timely identify any drastic difference in
power consumption due to faulty condition in the appliance. This proposes a need of a low-cost system that can
be easily interfaced with any electric appliance and helps to measure the consumption of electric energy in real
time.
In this paper design and development of a plug-in type data logger is discussed that is capable of
accurately measuring energy and related parameters like VRMS, IRMS and instantaneous power in real time for
single phase applications. The data logger is equipped with a Bluetooth based wireless communication module
that is capable of neatly communicating the sampled data to a computer without any wired interface. Thus the
design becomes a plug and play type wireless energy meter that is very simple and flexible to use. Researchers
and industries have developed such real time energy monitoring systems, however these requires additional
setup and are little less economic [2-5]. The proposed design aims to serve two purposes. The first is to provide
a low-cost solution for real time data logging of energy either for testing or continuous monitoring and the
second is to encourage consumers for use of such devices enabling them to play a proactive role in efforts
towards energy conservation and other goals of smart grid [6-8].
The rest of the paper is organized as follows. In section 2 design requirements and proposed system
architecture is discussed. In section 3 and 4 details of hardware and software involved in the design of the
system are discussed at length. This is followed by discussion on experimental results in section 5, future
direction of work in section 6 and conclusion in section 7.
II. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS AND SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
Following design requirements were proposed to be met by the system.
Compatible to any single phase application connected to standard 16A source.
Able to monitor energy in real time and the data should be logged into local memory as well as
computer if interfaced.
Wireless data communication with computer avoiding the use of additional cables.
Able to monitor other parameters like VRMS, IRMS and instantaneous power in real time when
connected to a computer.
Support of a simple GUI based application on computer for easy user access.
2. Design And Development Of A Plug-In Type Wireless Data Logger For Energy Measurement
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Low cost and simple to add and remove.
To meet the mentioned requirements the proposed system architecture is shown in Fig. 1. System on
the input side is connected to mains through a standard 16A plug-socket interface and a similar plug-socket
interface is available on the output side for connecting the appliance whose energy monitoring is intended. The
system is microcontroller based unit with energy measuring module, EEPROM, wireless module for
communication and other I/O interfacing modules. Energy measuring module performs the task of measuring
energy and related parameters continuously. Microcontroller is supposed to fetch this data at regular interval,
update the data in local memory and also forwarded it to computer over a wireless communication link.
Fig. 1 System architecture
III. SYSTEM HARDWARE
System hardware consists of two modules: one for data measurement and transmission and another for
data reception and logging on a computer. This is shown in Fig 2(a) and 2(b) respectively. The first module,
more complicated of the two, can be partitioned into two main sections: analog and digital as shown in Fig. 2(a).
Analog section in the transmitter module, responsible for energy measurement, is designed using
CS5460A. The CS5460A consist of two 24 bit ∆Σ ADCs, high speed power calculation functions with digital
filters for signal conditioning and a serial interface all on a single chip. It is designed to accurately measure and
calculate: energy, VRMS, IRMS and instantaneous power for single phase 2 or 3-wire applications. It meets
accuracy specification for IEC 687/1036, JIS [9]. It can be interfaced using a simple resistive divider or potential
transformer to measure voltage and with low-cost shunt resistor or current transformer to measure current. It
supports auto-boot feature to function as stand-alone device as well as a standard bi-directional three wire serial
interface (compatible to SPI and Microwire) for communication with microcontroller. The CS5460A also
supports on-chip facility for AC or DC system-level calibration for both voltage and current channel. It has
internally around twenty 24-bit registers related with configuration, calibration, status and data that can be read
or written by microcontroller. A board designed for this analog section is shown in Fig. 3(a).
Digital sections consist of AVR ATmega32 microcontroller, AUBTM-20 based Bluetooth module,
serial EEPROM 24c04, LCD and few switches. In addition to the general advantages that ATmega series
microcontroller has, the reasons for selecting ATmega32 was that it supports all the three type of serial interface
required in this design [10]. These are three wire serial interface required in interfacing with CS5460A, two wire
serial interface required in interfacing of serial EEPROM and standard USART for RS232 interface required for
(a) (b)
Fig. 2. System hardware (a) Measurement and transmission module (b) Receiver module
3. Design And Development Of A Plug-In Type Wireless Data Logger For Energy Measurement
www.iosrjournals.org 17 | Page
(a) (b)
(c)
Fig. 3 (a) CS5460A based energy measurement module (b) ATmega32 based microcontroller module (c)
AUBTM-20 based Bluetooth module
Bluetooth module. Bluetooth module connected with the system is configured as a slave and a similar
one connected with a computer, as shown in Fig. 2(b), is configured as a master. When connection is
established by the master, the slave will pass the measured data to the master. Once master and slave are
connected, to disconnect the link it is required to reset the slave module. This is achieved in the design by use of
a simple hardware that enables power to Bluetooth module under the control of ATmega32 microcontroller.
This is discussed further in the next section of the paper. The role of on-board serial EEPROM is to store the
total energy consumed over the time since the beginning of the measurement. Switches and LCD are provided
mainly for debugging and on board monitoring. Board representing the digital section is shown in Fig. 3(b) with
Bluetooth module in Fig 3(c).
IV. SYSTEM SOFTWARE
Systems software consists of two main programs: microcontroller program and GUI application
program on computer.
Program on microcontroller consist of two modules, one for initial calibration of CS5460A and second
for real time measurements and data logging. Before using CS5460A for measurements for the first time, it has
to be calibrated following a specific sequence of operations and these calibrations values are then saved in serial
EEPROM for later use during measurement. For both voltage and current channel there are calibration sequence
both for AC and DC purpose. Calibration in AC or DC is primarily for two basic types system offset and system
gain. Depending on the specific metering application and accuracy requirements, some or all of the calibration
sequences may be required to be executed. There are dedicated registers in CS5460A for specific calibration
sequence. The steps for calibration process are shown in Fig. 4 (a) with the recommended sequence in Table 1.
Calibration of each type requires applying appropriate inputs on the input channels, issuing calibration
4. Design And Development Of A Plug-In Type Wireless Data Logger For Energy Measurement
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commands and reading result from the concerned registers at the end of calibration. As shown in Table 1, if both
AC and DC calibration has to be performed then DC calibration should precede AC calibration and if both
offset and gain calibration has to be performed then offset should precede gain [11].
Table 1. Calibration Sequence
Preferred
Sequence
CALIBRATION TYPE Inputs applied to V/ I channels
1 DC offset Connected to ground level
2 AC offset Connected to ground level
3 DC gain DC signal equivalent to absolute peak full
scale value of input
4 AC gain AC signal with maximum possible RMS
value of input
Flow chart highlighting the sequence of major operations performed in microcontroller program for
real time measurement of energy is shown in Fig. 4(b). On power-on CS5460A is required to be initialized. This
involves two operations. First operation is to fetch calibration values that are stored in serial EEPROM and load
them into concerned registers in CS5460A. Second operation is to define conversion cycle and computation
cycle rate. Conversion cycle indicates the rate at which instantaneous voltage, current and power is obtained and
computation cycle indicates number of these instantaneous values that are used to calculate VRMS, IRMS and
energy over the period. For example, if conversions cycle is 4000Hz and computation cycle is set to one second,
then VRMS and IRMS will be calculated using 4000 samples of instantaneous values of voltage and current
respectively and energy over one second will be calculated summing 4000 samples of instantaneous power.
These cycles are again defined by loading appropriate values in concerned registers. These values depend on the
clock frequency of CS5460A.
After initialization of CS5460A the slave Bluetooth module that is connected with microcontroller is
enabled i.e. powered ON. This is done by a simple arrangement where a microcontroller enables a buffer that is
responsible to provide to the slave module. The reason for this arrangement is that once master and slave
modules are connected for data transfer both enter into data mode then to disconnect them and bring them back
in command mode when required, one of the module has to be reset.
Further, before interfacing Bluetooth modules in the system they have to be configured for baud rate,
mode of operation (master/slave), identification number, etc. This is done by sending series of AT command to
Bluetooth module over a RS-232 serial link. Various AT commands used for configuration as well as data
transfer are discussed in Table 2 [12 ].
(a) (b)
Fig. 4 (a) Fig. 4 Steps in calibration process (b) Process of acquiring measurements from CS5460A.
After initialization of CS5460A and enabling of Bluetooth module, the process of data measurement
starts. Microcontroller handles this process in a polling mode. At end of each computation cycle value of VRMS,
IRMS and energy are read. Energy over the period of each computation cycle (e.g. duration of 1 sec.) is
accumulated to have the total amount of energy consumed and this count is updated in serial EEPROM. Further
5. Design And Development Of A Plug-In Type Wireless Data Logger For Energy Measurement
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all the values measured over the computation cycle are by default sent to the serial port where the slave
Bluetooth module is connected. Thus when master and slave Bluetooth link is active the measured data is
transferred to computer.
Table 2. AUBTM-20 Bluetooth Module AT Commands
AT COMMANDS Description
AT+SETUP Shows current setting of module like baud rate, mode of
operation, address etc.
AT+MODE Define the mode of operation that can be Master, Slave or Auto
Connect.
AT+PIN Set PIN code for the Bluetooth module
AT+BPROFILE Set current active profile that can be either serial port, head set
or hands free
AT+INQ Discover other Bluetooth modules in the neighborhood.
AT+CON Create a connection with other Bluetooth device.
GUI based application is developed in MATLAB for data logging on a computer. A snapshot of GUI is
shown in Fig. 6. GUI allows user to select slave module by its address (required in case if there are more than
one Bluetooth modules around), and specify the duration for which data logging has to be done. On activation
GUI application commands master to connect with slave and start logging the value of VRMS, IRMS and energy
that are received after each computation cycle. This continues for the specified duration after which GUI sends
signal to slave requesting to disconnect. Measurements received by GUI are stored in from a matrix and remains
available for off-line analysis also.
Fig. 6 Snapshot of GUI application for data logging on computer.
V. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
Designed data logger has been tested for varieties of load of different capacities and type. For example
a fixed resistive load, variable resistive load, induction motor etc. Appropriate scaling factors were identified for
ADC. This is required because in CS5460A measured value of VRMS and IRMS are available as 24 bit unsigned
value in the range of 0.0≤ VRMS, IRMS ≤ 1.0, whereas that of energy is available as 24 bit singed value in the
range -1.0≤ E <1.0. Further AUBTM-20 is a Version 1.2, class-2 Bluetooth module that should give
connectivity range of around 10 meters; however range of successful communication without antenna was found
to be less than 2 meters and with antenna was around 8 meters. Maximum bit rate supported by Bluetooth
Version 1.2 is around 1 Mbits/s [13]; however as the required bit rate in our case was well below the maximum
possible, this was not much of the concern.
The measurements obtained from the data logger were compared with those obtained from parallel
connected KRYKARD portable load manager ALM32 from Manaco Energy Solutions Pvt. Ltd. The results
were encouraging and very much within the acceptable limits of accuracy.
VI. FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Direction of the work that is intended to be followed as an ongoing part of the presented research work includes
following
To review alternate technology for wireless link as Bluetooth technology has limitation in terms of
communication range and number of nodes. One of the possible alternatives to be studied is Zigbee.
To have a real time data logging from more than one channel. Here number of data loggers will be used
to measure energy of different appliances and computer in turn would read the value from each of the
channel.
To develop a complete home energy management system that can be the part of the smart grid.
6. Design And Development Of A Plug-In Type Wireless Data Logger For Energy Measurement
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VII. CONCLUSION
Design and development of a plug-in type wireless data logger for measurement of energy and related
parameters for single phase applications has been discussed. The design has an advantage of being easy to use
and low cost. GUI has been developed for data logging on a computer and on-line/off-line analysis of data.
Operation of the proposed data logger has been verified experimentally and has been found to be meeting
acceptable limits of accuracy. It is believed that availability of such low cost easy to use energy monitoring
solutions in the market will encourage consumers to use them. This will help them to manage their energy usage
more efficiently and also to contribute towards goals of smart grid like efficient energy management and energy
conservation. The presented work was part of the ongoing research towards design and development of a full-
fledged low cost home energy management system.
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Conf. on Information Processing and Sensor Networks, California, USA, 2009.
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system for homes, Networked & Embedded System Lab., 2009.
[6] Shum-Yu Chan and Jen-Han Teng H. Miller, Advance remote control infrastructure for intelligent HEMS, Proc. of Int. Conf. on
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[9] CS5460A- Single phase bi-directional power energy IC Data Manual, Cirrus Logic.
[10] AVR ATmega32 Microcontroller Data Manual, Atmel Corporation.
[11] AN227, Calibrating the CS5460A, Cirrus Logic.
[12] External commands for AUBTM-20 Bluetooth Module, Austar Technologies.
[13] Bluetooth EDR: Wireless Evolution, Application note, Agilent Technologies, 2006.
Divyang D. Vyas has obtained his B.E. in Instrumentation and Control Engineering from L.
D. College of Engineering, Ahmedabad, in 1999 and the M.Tech. in Electronic Systems from
Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, in 2005. He is presently pursuing his Ph.D in
Electronics and Communication Engineering at Saurashtra University, Rajkot. He has a
teaching experience of more than 12 years and is presently working as Associate Professor
and Head of Electronics and Communication Department at Darshan Institute of Engineering
and Technology, Rajkot. His areas of interest are electronic circuits, signal processing and
embedded systems. He is life member of ISTE and IETE.
Dr. H. N. Pandya is presently serving as Professor and Head of Department of Electronics,
Saurashtra University, Rajkot. He has a long teaching experience of more than 20 years and
has successfully guided six Ph.D. thesis and number of Bachelors and Masters dissertations.
He has published and presented number of research papers in Journals/Conference of repute
and has authored three books. He has completed three minor research projects funded by
UGC and has been awarded research fellowship from agencies like UGC, CISR etc. His
areas of interest are electronic circuits, microprocessor, microcontrollers, embedded systems
and ferrite materials.