Abstract The development of ‘demand-side load management’ is the outcome of the smart grid initiative. Due to the significant amount of loads in the residential sector, home energy management has received increasing interest. In the country like India, we are lagging behind, in the power sector as the demand is much more than the supply. Moreover, there is not a single initiative, which has been taken for the deployment of smart suppliers and smart users. Here, I propose a hardware design of smart home energy management system (SHEMS). With the help of this proposed design, it is possible to have a real-time, price-responsive control strategy for domestic loads such as electrical water heater (EWH), illumination (Lights), air conditioning (Fan), dryer etc. Consumers may interact with suppliers or load serving entities (LSEs) to facilitate the load management at the supplier side. This system is designed with sensors to detect human activities and the behavior is predicted by applying a machine learning algorithm in order to help consumers reduce total payment on electricity. Finally, for the verification of the hardware system, simulation and experiment results will be checked based on an actual SHEMS prototype. Keywords: Demand side load management, Load Serving Entity (LSE), Smart Home Energy Management System (SHEMS), Smart Grid.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Energy scavenging using vibrations from bluetooth controlled DC motorTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Wide spectrum of research for application-based solutions has grown due to the requirement of automation of general electrical appliances. A low-cost solution is presented in this paper to control DC motor using Bluetooth module and controlled by an ARM processor. The main objective here is to build an efficient closed loop system which is wirelessly controlled by ARM processor 2103 using Bluetooth module and Bluetooth dongle. The system suggested here is expandable and can be integrated with latest technologies as well. The paper gives the details of the prototype for home automation system and gives the expected results with 0.1% tolerance. It also suggests the ways to integrate this system with the mobile phones and hence control the devices with the mobile handsets. The vibration frequency of the DC motor is used to generate electrical potential using MEMS tecnonlogy. A novel idea of self powered DC motor is thus presented by installing MEMS based energy harvester on the motor shaft.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Energy scavenging using vibrations from bluetooth controlled DC motorTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Wide spectrum of research for application-based solutions has grown due to the requirement of automation of general electrical appliances. A low-cost solution is presented in this paper to control DC motor using Bluetooth module and controlled by an ARM processor. The main objective here is to build an efficient closed loop system which is wirelessly controlled by ARM processor 2103 using Bluetooth module and Bluetooth dongle. The system suggested here is expandable and can be integrated with latest technologies as well. The paper gives the details of the prototype for home automation system and gives the expected results with 0.1% tolerance. It also suggests the ways to integrate this system with the mobile phones and hence control the devices with the mobile handsets. The vibration frequency of the DC motor is used to generate electrical potential using MEMS tecnonlogy. A novel idea of self powered DC motor is thus presented by installing MEMS based energy harvester on the motor shaft.
Real time energy data acquisition and alarming system for monitoring power co...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Real time energy data acquisition and alarming system for monitoring power co...eSAT Journals
Abstract Manufacturing and the processes involved consume substantial amounts of energy. There can be requirement of energy management technique in the power tool manufacturing industry. The maintenance department in power tool manufacturing industry may have different load centers like machine shop, winding shop, utility and assembly shop etc. Readings on these meters are taken manually. This process is time consuming and has inefficient accuracy. So, there can be need of computerized energy data acquisition system. By providing an alarming system the energy losses will be monitored. Through this system design, there will be automatic elimination of man-made errors, reading energy consumption report through Microsoft excel as well as firing through email. Keywords: Energy losses, Microcontroller, RS 232 and PC
This is a complete automated solution for the existing energy distribution and monitoring system in
India,which can monitor the meter readings continuously and take necessary actions to maintain the power
grid stable. A Power Line Communication (PLC) based modem is integrated with each electronic energy
meter. Through PLC the meters communicate with the coordinator. Coordinator makes use of GPRS modem
to upload/download data to/from internet. A personal computer with an internet connection at the other end,
which contains the database acts as the billing point. Live meter reading sent back to this billing point
periodically and these details are updated in a central database. An interactive, user friendly graphical
interface is present at user end. All the energy logs, notices from the Government, billing details and average
statistics will be available here. The system splits the loads into critical loads and non critical loads. This
makes the distribution system more intelligent. More over prior information about the power cuts can be
done. We can easily implement many add-ons such as energy demand prediction, real time dynamic tariff as
a function of demand and supply and so on.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Most of the physically disable individual satisfies their movement through motorized wheelchair. The
scenario is unusual for the disables of developing countries because of their economic conditions.
Moreover traditional powered wheelchair is not comfortable to all segments of the disable society because
of their complexity. Several researchers have used sophisticated technologies to operate wheelchair such
as voice controlled, head gesture controlled, remote controlled wheelchair for providing better flexibility.
For being sophisticated technology Android is being used in mobile, TV or in smart watches.An app with
mitigating required controlling facilities is implemented here that may provide a flexible movement of the
certain disable community. This paper focuses on the system of PWM based Android Controlled
Wheelchair.
Identity theft remains a pernicious threat to consumers. While the federal government and private sector have done much to address this issue, it is important that legislators and regulators remain vigilant to protect consumers from this ever-evolving fraud.
GSM Based Wireless Load-Shedding Management System for Non Emergency ConditionEditor IJMTER
In that papers, most of us current a new cost-effective wireless allocated fill shedding
technique for non-emergency scenarios. Throughout electric power transformer destinations
wherever SCADA technique can't be utilized, your suggested remedy offers a realistic choice that
will includes the usage of microcontrollers as well as recent GSM commercial infrastructure in order
to deliver first alert SMS communications in order to customers counseling them to proactively
lessen their particular electric power usage prior to technique capacity can be attained as well as stepby-step electric power shutdown takes place. Some sort of story verbal exchanges process as well as
message arranged are invented to deal with your messaging between the transformer web sites, the
spot that the microcontrollers are situated as well as the spot that the sizes occur, as well as the key
control web page the spot that the repository server can be organized. Furthermore, the machine
posts alert communications towards the end-users mobile products which have been utilized since
verbal exchanges terminals. The system has become put in place as well as tried by using distinct
experimental effects.
Energy Management Systems in the Home: Gateway to the Customer HANZin Kyaw
Concept for tying the Consumer HAN and Utility HAN together as part of one homogeneous network. From etering America/World Meter Design Congress, Dallas, TX, April 2011
Real time energy data acquisition and alarming system for monitoring power co...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Real time energy data acquisition and alarming system for monitoring power co...eSAT Journals
Abstract Manufacturing and the processes involved consume substantial amounts of energy. There can be requirement of energy management technique in the power tool manufacturing industry. The maintenance department in power tool manufacturing industry may have different load centers like machine shop, winding shop, utility and assembly shop etc. Readings on these meters are taken manually. This process is time consuming and has inefficient accuracy. So, there can be need of computerized energy data acquisition system. By providing an alarming system the energy losses will be monitored. Through this system design, there will be automatic elimination of man-made errors, reading energy consumption report through Microsoft excel as well as firing through email. Keywords: Energy losses, Microcontroller, RS 232 and PC
This is a complete automated solution for the existing energy distribution and monitoring system in
India,which can monitor the meter readings continuously and take necessary actions to maintain the power
grid stable. A Power Line Communication (PLC) based modem is integrated with each electronic energy
meter. Through PLC the meters communicate with the coordinator. Coordinator makes use of GPRS modem
to upload/download data to/from internet. A personal computer with an internet connection at the other end,
which contains the database acts as the billing point. Live meter reading sent back to this billing point
periodically and these details are updated in a central database. An interactive, user friendly graphical
interface is present at user end. All the energy logs, notices from the Government, billing details and average
statistics will be available here. The system splits the loads into critical loads and non critical loads. This
makes the distribution system more intelligent. More over prior information about the power cuts can be
done. We can easily implement many add-ons such as energy demand prediction, real time dynamic tariff as
a function of demand and supply and so on.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Most of the physically disable individual satisfies their movement through motorized wheelchair. The
scenario is unusual for the disables of developing countries because of their economic conditions.
Moreover traditional powered wheelchair is not comfortable to all segments of the disable society because
of their complexity. Several researchers have used sophisticated technologies to operate wheelchair such
as voice controlled, head gesture controlled, remote controlled wheelchair for providing better flexibility.
For being sophisticated technology Android is being used in mobile, TV or in smart watches.An app with
mitigating required controlling facilities is implemented here that may provide a flexible movement of the
certain disable community. This paper focuses on the system of PWM based Android Controlled
Wheelchair.
Identity theft remains a pernicious threat to consumers. While the federal government and private sector have done much to address this issue, it is important that legislators and regulators remain vigilant to protect consumers from this ever-evolving fraud.
GSM Based Wireless Load-Shedding Management System for Non Emergency ConditionEditor IJMTER
In that papers, most of us current a new cost-effective wireless allocated fill shedding
technique for non-emergency scenarios. Throughout electric power transformer destinations
wherever SCADA technique can't be utilized, your suggested remedy offers a realistic choice that
will includes the usage of microcontrollers as well as recent GSM commercial infrastructure in order
to deliver first alert SMS communications in order to customers counseling them to proactively
lessen their particular electric power usage prior to technique capacity can be attained as well as stepby-step electric power shutdown takes place. Some sort of story verbal exchanges process as well as
message arranged are invented to deal with your messaging between the transformer web sites, the
spot that the microcontrollers are situated as well as the spot that the sizes occur, as well as the key
control web page the spot that the repository server can be organized. Furthermore, the machine
posts alert communications towards the end-users mobile products which have been utilized since
verbal exchanges terminals. The system has become put in place as well as tried by using distinct
experimental effects.
Energy Management Systems in the Home: Gateway to the Customer HANZin Kyaw
Concept for tying the Consumer HAN and Utility HAN together as part of one homogeneous network. From etering America/World Meter Design Congress, Dallas, TX, April 2011
Energy Management and the Evolution of Intelligent Motor Control and Drives @...ARC Advisory Group
Energy Management and the Evolution of Intelligent Motor Control and Drives @ ARC's 2011 Industry Forum by Craig Resnick.
Intelligent motor control & drives once provided a safe, flexible & centralized means to control & protect motors
•Today, these devices have evolved to ‘smart’ energy managers that bring advances ranging from complex drive systems to basic control of fan or pump motors
•In high demand where uptime & equipment reliability are critical, in applications where even a short period of downtime can prove extremely costly & damaging
•These devices perform critical protective & troubleshooting functions & detailed diagnostics to help improve productivity & minimize downtime
Automation of capacitor banks based on MVAR RequirementAhmed Aslam
Power generation systems generate two power components, real power measured in watts, and reactive power measured in VARs. Both of these power components need to be produced and transmitted from the generator to the service customer. Real power flows from the generator to the load, and is used to drive loads such as electrical motors, create the heating effect in heaters, and the heating/lighting effect in lamps. Losses and associated voltage drops in the network are effected by the vector sum of real power and reactive power. Reactive power provided from a generation or capacitor source to the load is the component necessary for the operation of magnetizing currents in motors, transformers and solenoids which are part of a customer service load.
A capacitor bank is a grouping of several identical capacitors interconnected in parallel or in series with one another. These groups of capacitors are typically used to correct or counteract undesirable characteristics, such as power factor lag or phase shifts inherent in alternating current (AC) electrical power supplies. Shunt capacitor banks are used to an increasing extent at all voltage levels. There are a variety of reasons for this like the growing need for power transfer on existing lines while avoiding transfer of reactive power, better use of existing power systems, improving voltage stability, right-of-way and cost problems, voltage control and compensation of reactive loads. Three-phase capacitor bank sizes vary from a few tenths of MVAr to several hundreds of MVAr. Here we are using 25MVAR capacitor bank for this purpose.
Here, we have simulated an automatic scheme for switching of capacitor bank based on mvar requirement of the system. They automatically sense the voltage and reactive power using transducers. Output from these transducers are given to sensing circuit where it is compare with normal parameters (voltage and reactive power) of the system. If the condition satisfies it automatically switch on capacitor bank. And this normalises the system parameters.
Automtaic Cyclic Load shedding in Distribution systemrajani51
basically here we are focusing on how can we do load shedding periodically without any customer dissatisfaction.the cutting of some of the loads when there is a shortage of power . that means the load demanded by the consumers is higher than the power generated by the power plant.
Energy Conservation through Smart Building and Smart Lighting SystemIJMREMJournal
Energy conservation is an extensive topic due to the propagation of electricity demand and challenges globally
and is regarded as one of the most significant issues affects the power system quality, global environment and
consumers. Smart building is a technology that can connect everything to networks or systems to monitor and
control them in various areas such as offices, energy-consuming devices especially in laboratories, security
devices etc. Nevertheless, people's perception about using smart technology for energy saving is still in the mind’s
eye. This means that people discuss about environmental awareness readily. Due to the availability of electricity
and its elemental role, regulating consumers’ behaviours towards power savings can be a challenge. Remarkably,
the gap in today's smart technology design in smart buildings is the compassionate of consumers’ attitudes and
the merging of this perspective into the smart technology. Implementation of PLC based controlling system is a
convenient method to save the power and energy strategy for whole building. Furthermore, prepare a lighting
scheme can results a rapid response in energy conservation. Consequently, PLC Automatic system removes the
human intervention which makes the process smart and energy reduction will gives benefits to the consumers in
terms of reducing the cost of electricity bills. Nonetheless, contemporary buildings’ energy conservation has been
significant solution to cope with the rising electricity necessity.
This is a complete automated solution for the existing energy distribution and monitoring system in
India,which can monitor the meter readings continuously and take necessary actions to maintain the power
grid stable. A Power Line Communication (PLC) based modem is integrated with each electronic energy
meter. Through PLC the meters communicate with the coordinator. Coordinator makes use of GPRS modem
to upload/download data to/from internet. A personal computer with an internet connection at the other end,
which contains the database acts as the billing point. Live meter reading sent back to this billing point
periodically and these details are updated in a central database. An interactive, user friendly graphical
interface is present at user end. All the energy logs, notices from the Government, billing details and average
statistics will be available here. The system splits the loads into critical loads and non critical loads. This
makes the distribution system more intelligent. More over prior information about the power cuts can be
done. We can easily implement many add-ons such as energy demand prediction, real time dynamic tariff as
a function of demand and supply and so on.
This is a complete automated solution for the existing energy distribution and monitoring system in
India,which can monitor the meter readings continuously and take necessary actions to maintain the power
grid stable. A Power Line Communication (PLC) based modem is integrated with each electronic energy
meter. Through PLC the meters communicate with the coordinator. Coordinator makes use of GPRS modem
to upload/download data to/from internet. A personal computer with an internet connection at the other end,
which contains the database acts as the billing point. Live meter reading sent back to this billing point
periodically and these details are updated in a central database. An interactive, user friendly graphical
interface is present at user end. All the energy logs, notices from the Government, billing details and average
statistics will be available here. The system splits the loads into critical loads and non critical loads. This
makes the distribution system more intelligent. More over prior information about the power cuts can be
done. We can easily implement many add-ons such as energy demand prediction, real time dynamic tariff as
a function of demand and supply and so on.
Design of a Smart Meter for the Indian Energy ScenarioIJERA Editor
Accurate metering, detection of energy theft and implementation of proper tariff as well as billing system are vital in wise energy management. These objectives can be achieved by using Smart Meters. This article introduces a microcontroller based Smart Meter using wireless communication and LabVIEW suitable for the Indian Energy Scenario. The Smart Meter and Time Of Day (TOD) tariff pricing make the consumers an active part of energy management, thereby energy deficit during peak hours can be alleviated indirectly.
Mechanical properties of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete for pavementseSAT Journals
Abstract
The effect of addition of mono fibers and hybrid fibers on the mechanical properties of concrete mixture is studied in the present
investigation. Steel fibers of 1% and polypropylene fibers 0.036% were added individually to the concrete mixture as mono fibers and
then they were added together to form a hybrid fiber reinforced concrete. Mechanical properties such as compressive, split tensile and
flexural strength were determined. The results show that hybrid fibers improve the compressive strength marginally as compared to
mono fibers. Whereas, hybridization improves split tensile strength and flexural strength noticeably.
Keywords:-Hybridization, mono fibers, steel fiber, polypropylene fiber, Improvement in mechanical properties.
Material management in construction – a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to understand about all the problems occurring in the company because of improper application
of material management. In construction project operation, often there is a project cost variance in terms of the material, equipments,
manpower, subcontractor, overhead cost, and general condition. Material is the main component in construction projects. Therefore,
if the material management is not properly managed it will create a project cost variance. Project cost can be controlled by taking
corrective actions towards the cost variance. Therefore a methodology is used to diagnose and evaluate the procurement process
involved in material management and launch a continuous improvement was developed and applied. A thorough study was carried
out along with study of cases, surveys and interviews to professionals involved in this area. As a result, a methodology for diagnosis
and improvement was proposed and tested in selected projects. The results obtained show that the main problem of procurement is
related to schedule delays and lack of specified quality for the project. To prevent this situation it is often necessary to dedicate
important resources like money, personnel, time, etc. To monitor and control the process. A great potential for improvement was
detected if state of the art technologies such as, electronic mail, electronic data interchange (EDI), and analysis were applied to the
procurement process. These helped to eliminate the root causes for many types of problems that were detected.
Managing drought short term strategies in semi arid regions a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
Drought management needs multidisciplinary action. Interdisciplinary efforts among the experts in various fields of the droughts
prone areas are helpful to achieve tangible and permanent solution for this recurring problem. The Gulbarga district having the total
area around 16, 240 sq.km, and accounts 8.45 per cent of the Karnataka state area. The district has been situated with latitude 17º 19'
60" North and longitude of 76 º 49' 60" east. The district is situated entirely on the Deccan plateau positioned at a height of 300 to
750 m above MSL. Sub-tropical, semi-arid type is one among the drought prone districts of Karnataka State. The drought
management is very important for a district like Gulbarga. In this paper various short term strategies are discussed to mitigate the
drought condition in the district.
Keywords: Drought, South-West monsoon, Semi-Arid, Rainfall, Strategies etc.
Life cycle cost analysis of overlay for an urban road in bangaloreeSAT Journals
Abstract
Pavements are subjected to severe condition of stresses and weathering effects from the day they are constructed and opened to traffic
mainly due to its fatigue behavior and environmental effects. Therefore, pavement rehabilitation is one of the most important
components of entire road systems. This paper highlights the design of concrete pavement with added mono fibers like polypropylene,
steel and hybrid fibres for a widened portion of existing concrete pavement and various overlay alternatives for an existing
bituminous pavement in an urban road in Bangalore. Along with this, Life cycle cost analyses at these sections are done by Net
Present Value (NPV) method to identify the most feasible option. The results show that though the initial cost of construction of
concrete overlay is high, over a period of time it prove to be better than the bituminous overlay considering the whole life cycle cost.
The economic analysis also indicates that, out of the three fibre options, hybrid reinforced concrete would be economical without
compromising the performance of the pavement.
Keywords: - Fatigue, Life cycle cost analysis, Net Present Value method, Overlay, Rehabilitation
Laboratory studies of dense bituminous mixes ii with reclaimed asphalt materialseSAT Journals
Abstract
The issue of growing demand on our nation’s roadways over that past couple of decades, decreasing budgetary funds, and the need to
provide a safe, efficient, and cost effective roadway system has led to a dramatic increase in the need to rehabilitate our existing
pavements and the issue of building sustainable road infrastructure in India. With these emergency of the mentioned needs and this
are today’s burning issue and has become the purpose of the study.
In the present study, the samples of existing bituminous layer materials were collected from NH-48(Devahalli to Hassan) site.The
mixtures were designed by Marshall Method as per Asphalt institute (MS-II) at 20% and 30% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP).
RAP material was blended with virgin aggregate such that all specimens tested for the, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II (DBM-II)
gradation as per Ministry of Roads, Transport, and Highways (MoRT&H) and cost analysis were carried out to know the economics.
Laboratory results and analysis showed the use of recycled materials showed significant variability in Marshall Stability, and the
variability increased with the increase in RAP content. The saving can be realized from utilization of recycled materials as per the
methodology, the reduction in the total cost is 19%, 30%, comparing with the virgin mixes.
Keywords: Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement, Marshall Stability, MS-II, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II
Laboratory investigation of expansive soil stabilized with natural inorganic ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Soil stabilization has proven to be one of the oldest techniques to improve the soil properties. Literature review conducted revealed
that uses of natural inorganic stabilizers are found to be one of the best options for soil stabilization. In this regard an attempt has
been made to evaluate the influence of RBI-81 stabilizer on properties of black cotton soil through laboratory investigations. Black
cotton soil with varying percentages of RBI-81 viz., 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 percent were studied for moisture density relationships
and strength behaviour of soils. Also the effect of curing period was evaluated as literature review clearly emphasized the strength
gain of soils stabilized with RBI-81 over a period of time. The results obtained shows that the unconfined compressive strength of
specimens treated with RBI-81 increased approximately by 250% for a curing period of 28 days as compared to virgin soil. Further
the CBR value improved approximately by 400%. The studies indicated an increasing trend for soil strength behaviour with
increasing percentage of RBI-81 suggesting its potential applications in soil stabilization.
Influence of reinforcement on the behavior of hollow concrete block masonry p...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Reinforced masonry was developed to exploit the strength potential of masonry and to solve its lack of tensile strength. Experimental
and analytical studies have been carried out to investigate the effect of reinforcement on the behavior of hollow concrete block
masonry prisms under compression and to predict ultimate failure compressive strength. In the numerical program, three dimensional
non-linear finite elements (FE) model based on the micro-modeling approach is developed for both unreinforced and reinforced
masonry prisms using ANSYS (14.5). The proposed FE model uses multi-linear stress-strain relationships to model the non-linear
behavior of hollow concrete block, mortar, and grout. Willam-Warnke’s five parameter failure theory has been adopted to model the
failure of masonry materials. The comparison of the numerical and experimental results indicates that the FE models can successfully
capture the highly nonlinear behavior of the physical specimens and accurately predict their strength and failure mechanisms.
Keywords: Structural masonry, Hollow concrete block prism, grout, Compression failure, Finite element method,
Numerical modeling.
Influence of compaction energy on soil stabilized with chemical stabilizereSAT Journals
Abstract
Increase in traffic along with heavier magnitude of wheel loads cause rapid deterioration in pavements. There is a need to improve
density, strength of soil subgrade and other pavement layers. In this study an attempt is made to improve the properties of locally
available loamy soil using twin approaches viz., i) increasing the compaction of soil and ii) treating the soil with chemical stabilizer.
Laboratory studies are carried out on both untreated and treated soil samples compacted by different compaction efforts. Studies
show that increase in compaction effort results in increase in density of soil. However in soil treated with chemical stabilizer, rate of
increase in density is not significant. The soil treated with chemical stabilizer exhibits improvement in both strength and performance
properties.
Keywords: compaction, density, subgradestabilization, resilient modulus
Geographical information system (gis) for water resources managementeSAT Journals
Abstract
Water resources projects are inherited with overlapping and at times conflicting objectives. These projects are often of varied sizes
ranging from major projects with command areas of millions of hectares to very small projects implemented at the local level. Thus,
in all these projects there is seldom proper coordination which is essential for ensuring collective sustainability.
Integrated watershed development and management is the accepted answer but in turn requires a comprehensive framework that can
enable planning process involving all the stakeholders at different levels and scales is compulsory. Such a unified hydrological
framework is essential to evaluate the cause and effect of all the proposed actions within the drainage basins.
The present paper describes a hydrological framework developed in the form of a Hydrologic Information System (HIS) which is
intended to meet the specific information needs of the various line departments of a typical State connected with water related aspects.
The HIS consist of a hydrologic information database coupled with tools for collating primary and secondary data and tools for
analyzing and visualizing the data and information. The HIS also incorporates hydrological model base for indirect assessment of
various entities of water balance in space and time. The framework would be maintained and updated to reflect fully the most
accurate ground truth data and the infrastructure requirements for planning and management.
Keywords: Hydrological Information System (HIS); WebGIS; Data Model; Web Mapping Services
Forest type mapping of bidar forest division, karnataka using geoinformatics ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The study demonstrate the potentiality of satellite remote sensing technique for the generation of baseline information on forest types
including tree plantation details in Bidar forest division, Karnataka covering an area of 5814.60Sq.Kms. The Total Area of Bidar
forest division is 5814Sq.Kms analysis of the satellite data in the study area reveals that about 84% of the total area is Covered by
crop land, 1.778% of the area is covered by dry deciduous forest, 1.38 % of mixed plantation, which is very threatening to the
environmental stability of the forest, future plantation site has been mapped. With the use of latest Geo-informatics technology proper
and exact condition of the trees can be observed and necessary precautions can be taken for future plantation works in an appropriate
manner
Keywords:-RS, GIS, GPS, Forest Type, Tree Plantation
Factors influencing compressive strength of geopolymer concreteeSAT Journals
Abstract
To study effects of several factors on the properties of fly ash based geopolymer concrete on the compressive strength and also the
cost comparison with the normal concrete. The test variables were molarities of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) 8M,14M and 16M, ratio of
NaOH to sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5, alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio 0.35 and 0.40 and replacement of water in
Na2SiO3 solution by 10%, 20% and 30% were used in the present study. The test results indicated that the highest compressive
strength 54 MPa was observed for 16M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 2.5 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35. Lowest
compressive strength of 27 MPa was observed for 8M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 is 1 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of
0.40. Alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35, water replacement of 10% and 30% for 8 and 16 molarity of NaOH and has resulted in
compressive strength of 36 MPa and 20 MPa respectively. Superplasticiser dosage of 2 % by weight of fly ash has given higher
strength in all cases.
Keywords: compressive strength, alkaline liquid, fly ash
Experimental investigation on circular hollow steel columns in filled with li...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Composite Circular hollow Steel tubes with and without GFRP infill for three different grades of Light weight concrete are tested for
ultimate load capacity and axial shortening , under Cyclic loading. Steel tubes are compared for different lengths, cross sections and
thickness. Specimens were tested separately after adopting Taguchi’s L9 (Latin Squares) Orthogonal array in order to save the initial
experimental cost on number of specimens and experimental duration. Analysis was carried out using ANN (Artificial Neural
Network) technique with the assistance of Mini Tab- a statistical soft tool. Comparison for predicted, experimental & ANN output is
obtained from linear regression plots. From this research study, it can be concluded that *Cross sectional area of steel tube has most
significant effect on ultimate load carrying capacity, *as length of steel tube increased- load carrying capacity decreased & *ANN
modeling predicted acceptable results. Thus ANN tool can be utilized for predicting ultimate load carrying capacity for composite
columns.
Keywords: Light weight concrete, GFRP, Artificial Neural Network, Linear Regression, Back propagation, orthogonal
Array, Latin Squares
Experimental behavior of circular hsscfrc filled steel tubular columns under ...eSAT Journals
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This paper presents an outlook on experimental behavior and a comparison with predicted formula on the behaviour of circular
concentrically loaded self-consolidating fibre reinforced concrete filled steel tube columns (HSSCFRC). Forty-five specimens were
tested. The main parameters varied in the tests are: (1) percentage of fiber (2) tube diameter or width to wall thickness ratio (D/t
from 15 to 25) (3) L/d ratio from 2.97 to 7.04 the results from these predictions were compared with the experimental data. The
experimental results) were also validated in this study.
Keywords: Self-compacting concrete; Concrete-filled steel tube; axial load behavior; Ultimate capacity.
Evaluation of punching shear in flat slabseSAT Journals
Abstract
Flat-slab construction has been widely used in construction today because of many advantages that it offers. The basic philosophy in
the design of flat slab is to consider only gravity forces; this method ignores the effect of punching shear due to unbalanced moments
at the slab column junction which is critical. An attempt has been made to generate generalized design sheets which accounts both
punching shear due to gravity loads and unbalanced moments for cases (a) interior column; (b) edge column (bending perpendicular
to shorter edge); (c) edge column (bending parallel to shorter edge); (d) corner column. These design sheets are prepared as per
codal provisions of IS 456-2000. These design sheets will be helpful in calculating the shear reinforcement to be provided at the
critical section which is ignored in many design offices. Apart from its usefulness in evaluating punching shear and the necessary
shear reinforcement, the design sheets developed will enable the designer to fix the depth of flat slab during the initial phase of the
design.
Keywords: Flat slabs, punching shear, unbalanced moment.
Evaluation of performance of intake tower dam for recent earthquake in indiaeSAT Journals
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Intake towers are typically tall, hollow, reinforced concrete structures and form entrance to reservoir outlet works. A parametric
study on dynamic behavior of circular cylindrical towers can be carried out to study the effect of depth of submergence, wall thickness
and slenderness ratio, and also effect on tower considering dynamic analysis for time history function of different soil condition and
by Goyal and Chopra accounting interaction effects of added hydrodynamic mass of surrounding and inside water in intake tower of
dam
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Efficiency of the road network system is analyzed by travel time reliability measures. The study overlooks on an important measure of
travel time reliability and prioritizing Tiruchirappalli road network. Traffic volume and travel time were collected using license plate
matching method. Travel time measures were estimated from average travel time and 95th travel time. Effect of non-motorized vehicle
on efficiency of road system was evaluated. Relation between buffer time index and traffic volume was created. Travel time model has
been developed and travel time measure was validated. Then service quality of road sections in network were graded based on
travel time reliability measures.
Keywords: Buffer Time Index (BTI); Average Travel Time (ATT); Travel Time Reliability (TTR); Buffer Time (BT).
Estimation of surface runoff in nallur amanikere watershed using scs cn methodeSAT Journals
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The development of watershed aims at productive utilization of all the available natural resources in the entire area extending from
ridge line to stream outlet. The per capita availability of land for cultivation has been decreasing over the years. Therefore, water and
the related land resources must be developed, utilized and managed in an integrated and comprehensive manner. Remote sensing and
GIS techniques are being increasingly used for planning, management and development of natural resources. The study area, Nallur
Amanikere watershed geographically lies between 110 38’ and 110 52’ N latitude and 760 30’ and 760 50’ E longitude with an area of
415.68 Sq. km. The thematic layers such as land use/land cover and soil maps were derived from remotely sensed data and overlayed
through ArcGIS software to assign the curve number on polygon wise. The daily rainfall data of six rain gauge stations in and around
the watershed (2001-2011) was used to estimate the daily runoff from the watershed using Soil Conservation Service - Curve Number
(SCS-CN) method. The runoff estimated from the SCS-CN model was then used to know the variation of runoff potential with different
land use/land cover and with different soil conditions.
Keywords: Watershed, Nallur watershed, Surface runoff, Rainfall-Runoff, SCS-CN, Remote Sensing, GIS.
Estimation of morphometric parameters and runoff using rs & gis techniqueseSAT Journals
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Land and water are the two vital natural resources, the optimal management of these resources with minimum adverse environmental
impact are essential not only for sustainable development but also for human survival. Satellite remote sensing with geographic
information system has a pragmatic approach to map and generate spatial input layers of predicting response behavior and yield of
watershed. Hence, in the present study an attempt has been made to understand the hydrological process of the catchment at the
watershed level by drawing the inferences from moprhometric analysis and runoff. The study area chosen for the present study is
Yagachi catchment situated in Chickamaglur and Hassan district lies geographically at a longitude 75⁰52’08.77”E and
13⁰10’50.77”N latitude. It covers an area of 559.493 Sq.km. Morphometric analysis is carried out to estimate morphometric
parameters at Micro-watershed to understand the hydrological response of the catchment at the Micro-watershed level. Daily runoff
is estimated using USDA SCS curve number model for a period of 10 years from 2001 to 2010. The rainfall runoff relationship of the
study shows there is a positive correlation.
Keywords: morphometric analysis, runoff, remote sensing and GIS, SCS - method
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Effect of variation of plastic hinge length on the results of non linear anal...eSAT Journals
Abstract The nonlinear Static procedure also well known as pushover analysis is method where in monotonically increasing loads are applied to the structure till the structure is unable to resist any further load. It is a popular tool for seismic performance evaluation of existing and new structures. In literature lot of research has been carried out on conventional pushover analysis and after knowing deficiency efforts have been made to improve it. But actual test results to verify the analytically obtained pushover results are rarely available. It has been found that some amount of variation is always expected to exist in seismic demand prediction of pushover analysis. Initial study is carried out by considering user defined hinge properties and default hinge length. Attempt is being made to assess the variation of pushover analysis results by considering user defined hinge properties and various hinge length formulations available in literature and results compared with experimentally obtained results based on test carried out on a G+2 storied RCC framed structure. For the present study two geometric models viz bare frame and rigid frame model is considered and it is found that the results of pushover analysis are very sensitive to geometric model and hinge length adopted. Keywords: Pushover analysis, Base shear, Displacement, hinge length, moment curvature analysis
Effect of use of recycled materials on indirect tensile strength of asphalt c...eSAT Journals
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Depletion of natural resources and aggregate quarries for the road construction is a serious problem to procure materials. Hence
recycling or reuse of material is beneficial. On emphasizing development in sustainable construction in the present era, recycling of
asphalt pavements is one of the effective and proven rehabilitation processes. For the laboratory investigations reclaimed asphalt
pavement (RAP) from NH-4 and crumb rubber modified binder (CRMB-55) was used. Foundry waste was used as a replacement to
conventional filler. Laboratory tests were conducted on asphalt concrete mixes with 30, 40, 50, and 60 percent replacement with RAP.
These test results were compared with conventional mixes and asphalt concrete mixes with complete binder extracted RAP
aggregates. Mix design was carried out by Marshall Method. The Marshall Tests indicated highest stability values for asphalt
concrete (AC) mixes with 60% RAP. The optimum binder content (OBC) decreased with increased in RAP in AC mixes. The Indirect
Tensile Strength (ITS) for AC mixes with RAP also was found to be higher when compared to conventional AC mixes at 300C.
Keywords: Reclaimed asphalt pavement, Foundry waste, Recycling, Marshall Stability, Indirect tensile strength.
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Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
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Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
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Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
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Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
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Hardware prototype of smart home energy management system
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 04 Issue: 05 | May-2015, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 428
HARDWARE PROTOTYPE OF SMART HOME ENERGY
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Arti Kedar1
, S. B. Somani2
1
ME Student, E&TC, MITCOE, Pune, Maharashtra, India
2
Professor, E&TC, MITCOE, Pune, Maharashtra, India
Abstract
The development of ‘demand-side load management’ is the outcome of the smart grid initiative. Due to the significant amount of
loads in the residential sector, home energy management has received increasing interest. In the country like India, we are
lagging behind, in the power sector as the demand is much more than the supply. Moreover, there is not a single initiative, which
has been taken for the deployment of smart suppliers and smart users. Here, I propose a hardware design of smart home energy
management system (SHEMS). With the help of this proposed design, it is possible to have a real-time, price-responsive control
strategy for domestic loads such as electrical water heater (EWH), illumination (Lights), air conditioning (Fan), dryer etc.
Consumers may interact with suppliers or load serving entities (LSEs) to facilitate the load management at the supplier side. This
system is designed with sensors to detect human activities and the behavior is predicted by applying a machine learning algorithm
in order to help consumers reduce total payment on electricity. Finally, for the verification of the hardware system, simulation
and experiment results will be checked based on an actual SHEMS prototype.
Keywords: Demand side load management, Load Serving Entity (LSE), Smart Home Energy Management System
(SHEMS), Smart Grid.
--------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
The electricity prices are dependent upon the consumers’
demand. However, because of the lack of real-time pricing
(RTP) technologies, there are challenges to electricity
market operators to optimize the signal usage and respond to
scarcity as electricity cannot be stored economically [1].
Few years ago, because of the deployment of advanced
metering infrastructures (AMI) and communication
technologies, RTP is technically feasible. RTP reflects the
present supply-demand ratio and provides a means for load-
serving entities (LSEs) in order to solve the issues related to
demand side management such as peak-load shaving [2].
Applications of RTP enable consumers and suppliers to
interact with each other, which creates an opportunity for
consumers to play an increasingly active role in the present
electricity market with optimal control strategies at the
demand side [3].
It is reasonable to design a smart home energy management
system (SHEMS) based on RTP response to reduce the total
electricity payment cost for consumers, and meanwhile, to
flatten demand peaks. This paper presents a SHEMS
hardware design which is integrated with an algorithm to
achieve dynamic price response. Thus, this system considers
both interests from the electricity supplier side and the
customer side. Particularly, this paper presents a hardware
design of a SHEMS system with sensing technology,
communication and machine learning.
Organization of this paper is as follows. Section 2 analyzes
the functions that the proposed SHEMS design needs to
implement. Section 3 presents the details of the SHEMS
hardware and software design respectively. Section 4
concludes the paper.
2. FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
In this section, the functions of the proposed SHEMS
system are discussed. The essential goal of SHEMS is to
reduce their total electricity payment while satisfying
consumer’s needs. Specifically, the control strategy
provided by SHEMS is to adjust the control settings of each
load i.e. appliance at home in accordance with the
consumer’s preference, total payment. As shown in Fig. 1,
the primary function of the proposed SHEMS includes:
a) To receive information and messages from various loads
for e.g. RTP, human activities at home, consumers’
preference etc.
b) After the analysis of the received information, generate
the optimal strategy
c) Adjust the settings of the loads according to the strategy
generated.
d) To feedback data back to the Load serving entity (LSE).
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 04 Issue: 05 | May-2015, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 429
Moreover, the detailed requirement analyses about data
collection, processing and control are discussed below.
Fig- 1: Functions of proposed SHEMS 1
2.1 Data Collection
Here all the data i.e. the status of all the sensors is received.
Real Time Pricing: A personal computer is necessary for
reading the RTP signals from the sensors or LSE of the
residential load. Therefore, ZigBee module should be
included in the proposed SHEMS design.
Messages: This function is designed to respond to extreme
scenarios. For this LPG sensor will sense if there is leakage
of the gas and immediately the consumer will receive an
SMS about this. Consumers’ Preference: In order to obtain
the consumers’ preference, a GUI is developed for consumer
to manually change the settings at home.
Human Activities: Motion sensors need to be installed to
collect useful data of human activities at home. By applying
machine learning algorithms in the processing part, the
consumer activities related to energy consumption can be
predicted.
Status of Loads and Home: Interfaces need to be
developed to obtain the status of loads at home. For
prototyping we are taking loads such as EWH, fan, hair
dryer, and light. Temperature and illumination sensors are
also needed and perhaps deployed in a number of, if not all,
rooms to monitor the environmental parameters.
2.2 Processing
Receiving Data: Status of all the sensors will be displayed
on the GUI in PC. However, as far as the sensors and load
interfaces are concerned, they are designed with a wireless
connection with the PC.
Event Analysis: The processor reminds the consumer about
the messages from the utility supplier through a specific user
interface. SHEMS should alarm the consumer about whether
the comfort level will be significantly impacted under any
inclement event.
Human Activity Prediction: Machine learning algorithms
will be implemented to analyze and predict human activities
based on data collected by motion and flow sensors. The
longer the system is in use, the more accurate the predictions
can be. Load Optimal Strategies: Since all the useful
information including RTP, special events, consumer needs,
and human activities can be obtained, different optimal
strategies are applied for each load based on the modes.
2.3 Control
Load Control: Proposed design has load interfaces to
obtain the real-time status of all appliances. Load interfaces
are also expected to modify the settings of appliances
according to the results calculated from the processing part.
Feedback: The status of appliances and the event
information will be shown to the consumer on the GUI.
3. DESIGN OF SHEMS
3.1 Hardware Design
The figure 2 presents the 1st
part of SHEMS hardware,
whereas the figure 3 shows the complete hardware with the
lamp as a load interfaced with SHEMS. The details of the
hardware components are discussed below:
Fig- 2: Hardware Design of SHEMS
Fig- 3: Complete Hardware with lamp as a load interfaced
3. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 04 Issue: 05 | May-2015, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 430
Microcontroller: The microcontroller LPC 2138 is used.
This controller will work as the brain of the sSHEMS
system
LCD Display: The current status of the system is displayed
on the 16*2 LCD display.
GSM Module: SIM900 GSM module is for sending the
alert message to the consumer whenever there is LPG gas
leakage. This will help the consumer to avoid the hazardous
situation.
ZigBee: ZigBee is for the communication of the loads and
supplier that is personal computer (PC). Here the PC will act
as a supplier. To establish a communication between the
individual user and the supplier side, the communication
medium is ZigBee.
Sensors: There are following sensors:
Temperature Sensor: To sense the surrounding
temperature. In the smart and the energy saving mode, if the
person is detected then the fan will be turned ON if the
sensed value is greater than 30%.
LPG Sensor: MQ6 to detect the LPG leakage. If the LPG
leakage is there, then it will be detected by this sensor and
immediately the SMS will be sent to the consumer.
PIR Sensor: To detect the presence of a person nearby. This
will come into picture when the system is in the smart mode
or in the energy saving mode.
Light Sensor: To sense the amount of luminance. In the
smart and the energy saving mode, if the person is detected
then the light will be ON if the sensed value is below 30%.
3.2 Software Design
The GUI of SHEMS is designed in Visual Basic 6.0. Figure
4 shows the snapshot of the GUI. There are three different
modes namely, Comfortable Mode, Smart Mode and Energy
Saving Mode. The function of these modes is described as
under:
Comfortable Mode: In this, the user is free to operate any
load regardless of the total consumption. This is compulsory
ON mode. By default the system will be in this mode.
Smart Mode: In this mode, the operation of loads will
depend upon the sensors and the previous database of the
system. According to the consumer’s previous behavior the
system will automatically set the loads. If in case the
predicted activity and the actual activity does not match then
the user can train the system accordingly by setting it into
new train mode.
Energy Saving Mode: Here, the priority is to save the total
energy consumption. The system will operate the loads only
if the PIR sensor detects the person. If not, then all the loads
will be turned off and if the person is detected then the
system will check the Temperature sensor and the Light
sensor value. If they are above 60% range then only the light
and fan will be turned ON.
Fig- 4: GUI of SHEMS
In the first frame, the current date and time is displayed.
There is the option button from where you can select the
communication port, it is 3 here. From the close port option,
you can stop the communication between the PC and the
microcontroller system. There are four devices connected in
the system as loads, which can be operated ON/OFF through
the option buttons. Further, the reading of all the sensors is
displayed in the last frame.
4. CONCLUSION
This paper presents a hardware design of a smart home
energy management system (SHEMS) with the
incorporation of sensing technology, communication. The
proposed design will help the user to participate in
optimizing the energy consumption. The load management
at the supplier side is facilitated by making the user to
interact with suppliers or load serving entities (LSEs).
Further, SHEMS is designed with sensors to detect human
activities and then apply machine learning algorithm to
intelligently help consumers reduce total electricity payment
without much involvement of consumers. In order to verify
the effort, the paper also includes the hardware testing and
the simulation, which show the validity of the hardware
system of the SHEMS prototype. The hardware design of
SHEMS can be extended. Thus it is able to make it fit to
houses regardless of its size or number of appliances. The
further expandable modules are the sensors and load
interfaces.
REFERENCES
[1]. A. Kedar, S. B. Somani, “Smart Home Energy
Management System”, IJECS, Volume 4 Issue 4 April 2015,
Page No. 11337-11341.
4. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 04 Issue: 05 | May-2015, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 431
[2]. Q. Hu and F. Li, “Hardware design of smart home
energy management system with dynamic price response,”
IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 1878–1887, Dec.
2013.
[3]. P. Wang et al., “Demand side load management of
smart grids using intelligent trading/metering/billing
system,” in Proc. IEEE Power Energy Soc. Gen. Meet.,
2010, pp. 1–6.
[4]. M. A. A. Pedrasa, T. D. Spooner, and I. F. MacGill,
“Coordinated scheduling of residential distributed energy
resources to optimize smart home energy services,” IEEE
Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 134–143, 2010.
[5]. A. Mohsenian-Rad and A. Leon-Garcia, “Optimal
residential load control with price prediction in real-time
electricity pricing environments,” IEEE Trans. Smart Grid,
vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 120–133, 2010.
[6]. A. Kedar, S. B. Somani, “HARDWARE Demonstration
of Smart Home Energy Management System”, IJETCR,
Volume 3 Issue 2 April 2015, Page No. 172 - 175.
BIOGRAPHIES
Arti Kedar, ME student of MITCOE, Pune