This document defines leadership and discusses its key characteristics. Leadership is defined as the ability to influence people to achieve goals willingly without coercion. It involves directing and motivating subordinates toward common objectives. Effective leadership requires traits like intelligence, vision, competence and the ability to build relationships. Leaders play an important role in motivating employees, utilizing resources efficiently, building morale and guiding an organization. Different leadership styles are discussed, including autocratic, laissez-faire, democratic, paternalistic and charismatic styles. Paternalistic leadership pays attention to employees' social and opinion needs while ultimately making decisions in their best interests.

1. LEADERSHIP
Business Management 1.9

3. Definition
• ‘Leadership is the ability of a manager to induce subordinates to work with
confidence and zeal.’ – [Koontz and O’Donnell]
• ‘Leadership is the ability to secure desirable actions from a group of followers
voluntarily, without the use of coercion.’ – [Alford and Beatty]
• ‘Leadership is the activity of influencing people to strive willingly for group
objectives.’ – [George R. Terry]
• ‘Leadership is the exercise of authority and making of decisions.’ – [R. Dubin]
• Leadership is an influence process in which the leader seeks the voluntary
participation of subordinates to reach organisational objectives.’ – [James and
Orlando]
• ‘Leadership is a process of directing and influencing the task-related activities of
group members.’ – [Ralph M. Stodill]

4. Other points:
• Leadership is the art of motivating a group of people to act
toward achieving a common objective.
• Organizations refer to upper-level personnel in their
management structures as leadership.
• To be an effective leader in business, you must possess traits
that extend beyond management duties.
• Leadership skills can be learned and leaders may evolve.
• A person may be referred to interchangeably as both a "leader"
and a "manager," though the two terms are not necessarily
synonymous.
https://www.thebalancesmb.com/leadership-definition-2948275

6. Characteristics
Personal quality of behaviour and character
Reciprocal relationship between the leader and the followers
Sharing of interest between leader and followers
To attain specific goals
Guiding, directing and influencing – specific goals
Situation, time, circumstances

7. Leadership
traits or
Qualities of a
successful
leader
• Personal Traits
• Intelligence
• Intellectual capacity
• Self confidence
• Foresight and vision
• Initiative
• Sound physique
• Dynamic personality
• Objectivity
• Empathy
• Responsibility
• Emotional stability
• Tact
• Managerial Traits
• Technical knowledge
• Organising ability
• Ability to deal with people

8. Importance
Motivating employees
Better utilisation of human resources
Creating confidence
Promoting the spirit of co-ordination
Builds morale
Directing group activity
Develop good human relations
Fulfills social responsibilty

9. Function of leadership
1. Integration
2. Communication
3. Production
4. Representative of subordinates
5. Fraternity
6. Team spirit
7. Performance evaluation
8. Initiation
9. Shapes the character of the organisation
10.Manages internal conflict

10. Leadership Styles
• Autocratic Style
Strict autocrat
Benevolent autocrat
Manipulative autocrat
Incompetent autocrat
• Free Rein/Laissez Faire
• Participative/Democratic
• Paternalistic
• Charismatic

13. • Paternalistic managers give more attention to the
social needs and views of their workers.
• They consult employees over issues and listen to
their feedback or opinions.The manager will however
make the actual decisions (in the best interests of
the workers) as they believe the staff still need
direction.
• Typical paternalistic manager most of the times
explains the specific reason as to why he has taken
certain actions in management and for his
employees.
• Decisions take into account - the best interests of
the employees as well as the business.
• Communication is generally downward, but feedback
to the management is encouraged to maintain
morale.
• This style can be highly advantageous when it
creates loyalty from the employees.