Business management 1.8
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This document discusses motivation in business management. It defines motivation as the process of stimulating people to accomplish goals, and notes that motivation is a continuous, psychological phenomenon influenced by needs, culture, and social norms. Motivation is important for effectively utilizing human resources, maintaining good employee relations, and reducing absenteeism. The motivation process involves identifying needs, selecting actions, assessing performance, and providing rewards or punishment to fulfill needs. Lack of need fulfillment can lead to apathy, flight, or aggression in employees.
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![• Based on Latin word movere to move
• An act of stimulating an individual for action Top level management Inspire and
stimulate
• Definition Motivation means a process of stimulating people to action to accomplish desired
goals [William G Scott]
• Characteristics:
1. Continuous process
2. A psychological phenomenon
3. Dynamic
4. Based on needs
5. Related with individual
6. Goal oriented process
7. Complex process
8. Influenced by social and cultural norms
9. Positive or negative](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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SMART LEADERSHIP (Situational Leadership) Training
Coaching and Performance Feedback for Nonprofit Leaders
Coaching and Performance Feedback for Nonprofit Leaders
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Convergence to IFRS
This document provides an overview of accounting standards and the convergence to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). It discusses the meaning and need for accounting standards, the roles of organizations like IASB and NFRA in setting global standards, and the components and processes involved in developing IFRS. Key elements in financial statements like assets, liabilities, equity, income and expenses are also explained along with the criteria for their recognition and measurement according to IFRS.
Material(economic order quantity) 2
This document discusses the economic order quantity model, which determines how much of a material or item should be purchased at one time to minimize total inventory costs. It provides formulas to calculate the economic order quantity based on annual usage, ordering costs, and carrying costs. Several examples are provided and solved to demonstrate calculating the economic order quantity and total annual inventory costs for different materials based on given cost parameters. Methods for determining the economic order quantity include algebraic, graphical, tabular, and cost comparison approaches. The document also provides an example of calculating reorder level and reorder quantity based on stock levels, consumption rates, and estimated delivery periods.
Material(stock levels) 1
The document defines key terms related to maintaining optimal inventory levels, including minimum level, maximum level, reorder level, and danger level. It then provides examples of calculating reorder levels and minimum inventory levels given data on average and maximum demand and consumption over different time periods, as well as average and maximum lead times. The document emphasizes calculating reorder levels based on maximum demand and lead time to ensure sufficient inventory is maintained to avoid stockouts.
1.4 research design
This document provides an overview of research design topics including definitions, types of research design, and key concepts. It defines research design as a comprehensive plan or blueprint for conducting a research study. The main types of research design discussed are exploratory, causal, descriptive, and experimental. Exploratory research is aimed at formulating problems or hypotheses, while causal research seeks to determine cause-and-effect relationships. Descriptive research observes associations between variables, and experimental research tests hypotheses through manipulation of the independent variable. Key concepts explained include variables, hypotheses, experimental and control groups, and validity. The document also outlines the stages of developing a research design and merits of having a well-planned design.
1.3 data processing
This document discusses the process of data processing which involves reducing raw data into a manageable size between the stages of data collection and analysis. The four main stages of data processing are:
1) Editing - Checking for errors and omissions to ensure consistent and complete data
2) Coding - Reducing large amounts of data into a form that can be easily handled by computer programs
3) Classification - Grouping related data into classes and subclasses based on common characteristics
4) Tabulation - Arranging classified data into tabular form using rows and columns for presentation and comparison.
1.2 data collection
This document discusses various methods for collecting primary and secondary data. It describes primary data collection methods like observation, surveys, interviews, questionnaires, and schedules. It provides details on the types, processes, advantages, and disadvantages of each method. Secondary data is defined as already published data compiled by other agencies. The document emphasizes selecting appropriate data collection methods based on factors like the nature, size, and scale of the research.
1.1 business research methods
The document provides an overview of business research methods. It defines business research and outlines its importance. The key phases of the research process are identified as problem definition, developing an approach, research design formulation, data collection, data analysis, and reporting. Different types of research are described such as descriptive, analytical, applied, and fundamental research. Variables are defined including dependent, independent, and intervening variables. The overall summary is that the document covers fundamental concepts in business research methods including definitions, process, types of research, and variables.
Financial derivatives 3
Futures and forwards are financial contracts to buy or sell an asset at a predetermined future date and price. Futures are traded on an exchange and have standardized terms, while forwards are customized over-the-counter contracts. Futures offer elimination of counterparty risk through a clearing house and use of margin accounts. They can be used to hedge risk or for speculative trading and have advantages of liquidity, lack of counterparty risk, and flexibility compared to forwards.
Financial derivatives 2
The document provides an overview of derivative markets, including the key participants such as hedgers, speculators, arbitrageurs, and spreaders. It discusses the importance of derivatives in providing benefits like lower transaction costs, increased liquidity, and risk transfer. It also outlines the regulatory framework for derivatives trading in India, including the role of SEBI, eligibility requirements for exchanges and clearing corporations, and important regulations regarding margin requirements, surveillance, and default procedures.
Financial derivatives
This document provides an introduction to financial derivatives. It defines derivatives as contracts that derive their value from an underlying asset such as a commodity, bond, currency, or stock. There are several types of derivatives including futures, forwards, options, and swaps. Futures and options trade on a centralized exchange, while forwards and swaps are over-the-counter instruments arranged between two parties. Derivatives are used for hedging risk, speculating, and generating income. While they provide benefits like risk management, there are also risks associated with their use such as increased volatility and counterparty risk.
Single entry system 1.1
Here are the steps to solve this problem:
1. Prepare a Trading and Profit and Loss Account for 2019 showing the net trading profit.
2. Calculate depreciation on machinery and fixtures & fittings based on given rates.
3. Deduct drawings and add interest on capital to calculate net profit for distribution.
4. Distribute net profit between partners based on their profit sharing ratio.
5. Prepare Balance Sheet as on 31st Dec 2019 showing assets, liabilities and capital of partners.
6. Calculate capital of each partner by adding/deducting their share of profit/loss, interest and drawings.
Let me know if you need help with the actual calculations. Solving partnership problems involves
Single entry system 1.2
This document discusses the conversion method for single entry accounting systems. The conversion method converts incomplete single entry records into complete double entry records to provide more information. It involves determining opening balances, cash transactions, debtors and creditors, sales and purchases figures, expenses and incomes. Various problems are presented to show how to calculate items like credit sales, purchases, bills receivable, payable and closing stock. Direct expenses are expenses connected to purchasing goods. The goal of the conversion method is to transform single entry records into a double entry system to gain its benefits like better management and obtaining loans.
Company accounts 2.4
BCM2B02 FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING, COMPANY ACCOUNTS, MODULE 2, 2ND SEMESTER B. COM, UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT, 2019 SYLLABUS
Company accounts 2.3
This document discusses various journal entries related to share capital transactions of a company. It begins by explaining the preparation of cash book and journal entries for share issue expenses. It then provides problems and solutions involving journal entries for issue of shares payable in installments, oversubscription and undersubscription of shares, issue of different classes of shares, and treatment of fractional shares and calls in arrears. It also discusses the presentation of share capital in the company's balance sheet as per the Companies Act.
Company account 2.2
The document discusses the accounting treatment for the issue of shares by a company. It covers issues such as shares issued for cash, shares issued at par value, premium or discount. It provides journal entries for recording the issue of shares at different stages - application, allotment and calls. It also discusses accounting for shares issued at a premium, with examples. Issue of shares at a discount is not allowed as per the Companies Act 2013 and is considered void.
Company accounts 2.1
BCM2B02 FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING, COMPANY ACCOUNTS, MODULE 2, 2ND SEMESTER B. COM, UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT, 2019 SYLLABUS
Corporate Social Responsibilty
This document defines corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate citizenship. It discusses how CSR involves companies operating in a socially and environmentally responsible manner. The document provides examples of CSR activities, discusses why companies implement CSR strategies, and outlines the impacts of CSR. It also provides an example of Starbucks' long-standing CSR efforts and discusses India's CSR requirements for companies.
Business ethics
This document provides an overview of business ethics. It defines business ethics as a set of principles that determine what is right, wrong, and appropriate in the workplace. The objectives of business ethics are to analyze and evaluate past events, moral values, and happenings using various approaches to resolve ethical dilemmas while considering stakeholders and crucial issues. The document also outlines several characteristics of business ethics and discusses the scope of business ethics in areas like conformity, finance, human resources, marketing, and production.
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Business management 1.8
- 2. • Based on Latin word movere to move • An act of stimulating an individual for action Top level management Inspire and stimulate • Definition Motivation means a process of stimulating people to action to accomplish desired goals [William G Scott] • Characteristics: 1. Continuous process 2. A psychological phenomenon 3. Dynamic 4. Based on needs 5. Related with individual 6. Goal oriented process 7. Complex process 8. Influenced by social and cultural norms 9. Positive or negative
- 3. TYPES OF NEEDS • Primary needs • Secondary needs • General needs Grey area - Need for competence, curiosity, manipulation, effection
- 4. IMPORTANCE 1. Motives is restlessness, a lack, a yen, a force reduce, remedy, alleviate, mitigate 2. Effective utilization of human resources 3. Make employees quality oriented 4. Maintains good human relations 5. Basis of good co-operation 6. Better image 7. Less absenteeism and turnover 8. Improvement of skill and knowledge 9. Induces workers to work Motive Needs in individuals Motivating Activating needs and providing need satisfaction environment Motivation Engagement in work behaviour
- 5. MOTIVATION PROCESS Need Deficiency Selection of a course of action Assessment of employee’s performance Reward/Punishment Need Fulfillment
- 6. CONSEQUENCES OF NON-FULFILMENT OF NEED • Flight • Apathy • Aggression
- 7. • Prepositions • Merits • Demerits
- 9. Indices: • Moderate risks • Sudden feedback • Accomplishment • Pre occupation with tasks
- 10. • Assumption • Comparison • Criticism
- 11. • 1981- Japanese management practice • Soft management style • Features: 1. Trust 2. Strong bond between organisations and employees 3. Employee’s involvement 4. No formal Structure 5. Role of managers