Bush & Clinton
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GHW Bush followed Reagan as president, winning election in 1988 over Michael Dukakis. His presidency focused on international affairs like reducing arms with the Soviet Union and the first Gulf War against Iraq. However, he broke his promise of "no new taxes" and the economy declined, contributing to his loss in 1992 to Bill Clinton. Clinton raised taxes on the wealthy and passed NAFTA. He oversaw a growing economy but was impeached in 1998 over the Monica Lewinsky scandal.
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The Republican administrations of the 1920s pursued pro-business, conservative policies at home and economic unilateralism abroad. The administrations of Warren G. Harding and Calvin Coolidge lowered taxes, especially for corporations and the wealthy, and reduced regulations on businesses. However, Harding's administration became embroiled in scandals like Teapot Dome, which undermined public trust. Meanwhile, farmers struggled with low crop prices and the Republican-backed McNary-Haugen bill to provide relief was twice vetoed by Coolidge. Herbert Hoover was elected president in 1928, continuing the pro-business policies amid continued economic prosperity.
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- The establishment of the World Trade Organization in 1995 to reduce trade barriers between nations.
- The Persian Gulf War in 1990-1991 where a US-led coalition liberated Kuwait from Iraqi invasion.
- Bill Clinton's first term in office from 1993-1996 where he enacted some more progressive social and economic policies compared to previous administrations.
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The document provides background information on the early years of the Great Depression from 1928 to 1932. It describes how Herbert Hoover was elected president in 1928 on promises of continued prosperity. However, the stock market crashed in 1929, plunging the US economy into the Great Depression. Hoover initially took a cautious approach and advocated for volunteerism and local solutions, but unemployment rose significantly under his presidency. By 1932, Americans widely blamed Hoover for not doing enough to address the Depression.
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This document summarizes American politics and diplomacy from the post-Watergate era to the end of the Cold War. It discusses the presidencies of Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, George H.W. Bush, and Bill Clinton. Key events included Carter brokering peace between Israel and Egypt, Reagan's economic and foreign policy revolution, and the fall of the Soviet Union under Gorbachev.
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After winning the election narrowly in 1968, President Nixon pursued a moderate domestic agenda including establishing new federal agencies like the EPA and OSHA. However, his proposal for a guaranteed annual income failed to pass Congress. Nixon aimed to consolidate Southern support by nominating conservative justices to the Supreme Court. The Watergate scandal erupted after the 1972 election, involving Nixon administration officials covering up a break-in at the Democratic National Headquarters. This led to Nixon's resignation in 1974 to avoid impeachment. The 1970s also saw rising inflation, energy crises, and economic stagnation known as stagflation.
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Modern american history ppp
Nixon was elected president in 1968. His presidency was marred by the Watergate scandal, which eventually led to his resignation in 1974. In the late 1970s, the US faced crises like the Iran hostage crisis and rising gas prices due to OPEC embargoes. Ronald Reagan was elected in 1980 on a platform of conservative policies and cutting taxes. His presidency saw an economic recovery and military buildup against the Soviet Union during the Cold War.
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This document provides a summary of a conversation recorded on Lee Wanta's answering machine that provides insight into how the US government is controlled. The conversation is between former governors Don Sundquist and Sheldon Songstad and discusses Lee Wanta's efforts to access $27 trillion awarded to him by a court to eliminate US debt and fund infrastructure projects. This snapshot reveals the government is controlled by secretive puppet masters at the Federal Reserve, who manipulate politicians, the banking system, and military to maintain power and fund wars. The recording is part of research for a film about how Reagan and Wanta ended the Cold War and their plans to revitalize the US economy with Wanta's funds before they were stolen.
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Chapter 19 section 1- underlined areas on Chapter 19 Test
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The document summarizes key details about the Korean War from 1950-1953 such as the major players like Kim Il Sung and Syngman Rhee, the division of Korea by the U.S. and U.S.S.R., the United Nations police action in 1950 under Truman's leadership, and the effects including the rise of the military industrial complex and lost chance of positive relations with China despite establishing an armistice along the truce line by 1953.
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The document discusses several key civil rights organizations and leaders that were important in the American civil rights movement. The NAACP focused on legal challenges and appealed to middle and upper class African Americans. The SCLC, led by Martin Luther King Jr., advocated for nonviolent protests. The SNCC was a student-run organization that shifted away from church leadership and demanded more immediate change. These groups and their varying approaches, along with events like the Montgomery Bus Boycott and Brown v. Board of Education ruling, were important in laying the groundwork for the broader civil rights movement.
Global Peacemaker
This document summarizes Woodrow Wilson's role in international diplomacy after World War 1, including his Fourteen Points proposal for peace, involvement in the Paris Peace Conference, and establishment of the League of Nations. Key events discussed are Wilson compromising on his points at the conference due to pressure from allies, the signing of the controversial Versailles Treaty, and the rejection of the treaty and League by the US Congress despite Wilson's campaigning efforts.
Cold War at Home
The Cold War had a powerful effect on domestic policy in the US after WWII. There was widespread fear of communism. The economy transitioned from war to peacetime production which increased consumer spending. The GI Bill helped veterans enter college and the workforce without increasing unemployment. Inflation became a major problem when price controls were lifted too quickly in 1946. The Employment Act of 1946 aimed to achieve full employment through fiscal policy but had flaws. Post-war strikes over wages led Truman to intervene in industries, angering unions. The Taft-Hartley Act rolled back some union protections and restricted their political activities.
Government in Colonial America
Covers the common themes seen in the governments of the 13 colonies prior to the American Revolution. Also discusses the causes of the Revolution.
The Cold War at Home
The Cold War had a powerful effect on domestic policy in the US after WWII. There was widespread fear of communism. The economy transitioned from war to peacetime production which increased consumer spending. The GI Bill helped veterans enter college and the workforce without increasing unemployment. Inflation became a major problem when price controls were lifted too quickly in 1946. The Employment Act of 1946 aimed to achieve full employment through fiscal policy but had flaws. Post-war strikes over wages led Truman to intervene in industries, angering unions. The Taft-Hartley Act rolled back some union powers and allowed "right to work" laws over Truman's veto.
WWI--The War & Aftermath
The document summarizes the key events leading up to and during World War I and the United States' involvement. It describes how the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand led Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia, pulling in allies on both sides. While the US initially remained neutral, attacks on American ships by German U-boats and the discovery of a German plot with Mexico turned public opinion against Germany. President Wilson asked Congress to declare war in April 1917. Over 4 million American troops were deployed, known as the American Expeditionary Forces, who arrived on the Western Front in mid-1918 and helped secure an Allied victory before the war ended on November 11, 1918.
Ethnic Minorities Seek Equality
This document summarizes the history and experiences of several Latino and Native American groups in the United States. It discusses the formation of the Chicano movement in the 1960s to fight discrimination against Mexican Americans, and the work of Cesar Chavez to organize migrant farm workers and establish the United Farm Workers union. It also reviews the forced assimilation of Native Americans through boarding schools, the loss of tribal lands, and the establishment of the American Indian Movement in 1968 to advocate for treaty rights and better conditions.
Cold War Odds & Ends
The Cold War had major impacts on national security and domestic policies in the US. The National Security Act of 1947 created new institutions like the Department of Defense and CIA to centralize defense efforts. NSC-68 called for expanding military power to counter communism globally. McCarthyism led to accusations of communist infiltration causing political turmoil. Military spending increased dramatically, fueling economic growth but also public fear. Eisenhower later warned of the influence of the new "military-industrial complex".
Jimmy carter’s presidency
Jimmy Carter's presidency was marked by several key events and challenges:
1) He brokered the historic Camp David Accords between Egypt and Israel in 1978.
2) However, his presidency was hampered by stagflation, the Iran hostage crisis, and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
3) He lost his bid for reelection in 1980 to Ronald Reagan in a landslide as Americans had lost confidence in his leadership.
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1980s America to Present.pptx
The election of Barack Obama in 2008 was historic as he became the first African American president. Obama defeated Republican John McCain with an Electoral College victory of 365 to 173. Obama campaigned on a message of "Hope and Change" and was able to capture the attention of voters with his skilled oratory. His election marked a change from policies of the previous Republican administration and ushered in America's first Black president.
Bush Clinton Bush
George H.W. Bush served as vice president under Ronald Reagan and was elected president in 1988. As president, he led a coalition of forces in the Persian Gulf War to expel Iraqi forces after Iraq invaded Kuwait. Though the ground war lasted only 100 hours, it was a major foreign policy success for Bush. However, he broke his "no new taxes" campaign promise when budget deficits created by Reagan required raising taxes. This broke promise hurt his re-election bid in 1992.
Ghw bush
George H.W. Bush served two terms in Congress and held several important foreign policy roles before becoming vice president under Ronald Reagan. In 1988, Bush was elected president, promising conservatism and no new taxes. However, he was later forced to raise taxes due to a rising deficit. Bush oversaw the end of the Cold War and dissolution of the Soviet Union. He also led a coalition that liberated Kuwait from Iraq in the Persian Gulf War. However, a weak economy hurt his reelection bid in 1992.
Ch 27 the 1990s
George H.W. Bush presided over the end of the Cold War and the decline of the Soviet Union. He launched the Gulf War in response to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait. Bill Clinton defeated Bush in 1992 and presided over a period of economic growth but was impeached for perjury related to an affair with Monica Lewinsky. The 2000 election between Al Gore and George W. Bush was extremely close and controversial, ultimately being decided by the Supreme Court in Bush's favor.
The Bill Clinton Era the 1990s and the new millennium
The Presidency of Bill Clinton has been an important era in the history of the US. Clinton is best known of his economic policies; namely, Clintonomics which produced a huge surplus of the budget. In foreign policy, Clinton is best known of the Engagement and Enlargement which relied on building of a new world order based on both Democracy and Freemarket economy.
24 clintonbush2
- Bill Clinton represented a new group of Democrats who aimed to reduce the size of government while balancing the budget and reforming welfare. His presidency saw strong economic growth during the 1990s tech boom.
- Clinton encouraged free trade agreements but faced challenges passing health care reform. He was impeached for perjury related to an affair but acquitted by the Senate.
- George W. Bush's presidency was defined by its response to the 9/11 terrorist attacks. He launched wars in Afghanistan and Iraq and increased surveillance at home through laws like the PATRIOT Act, but faced criticism over the response to Hurricane Katrina.
Debate Presentation
The document summarizes several important historical political debates in the United States that helped shape American politics:
1) The 1858 Illinois Senate debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas launched Lincoln to national prominence and helped him get elected as President in 1860, despite losing the Senate election.
2) The first televised presidential debate in 1960 between John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon was viewed by 70 million people and is credited with helping Kennedy win the election by making him appear more youthful and energetic compared to Nixon.
3) The 1976 debate between Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter featured Ford's gaffe where he claimed that "there is no Soviet domination of Eastern Europe," which is seen as contributing to Carter's victory in that
Clinton years
The document summarizes key events during Bill Clinton's presidency from 1992 to 2000. It discusses Clinton's election as the first baby boomer president after Bush could not convince voters he could end the recession. Clinton aimed to move the Democratic party toward the center. His efforts to pass health care reform failed. However, the economy boomed during his presidency as unemployment dropped and the budget had a surplus used to pay off debt. Clinton was impeached in 1998 for perjury regarding his relationship with Monica Lewinsky but was acquitted by the Senate.
Clinton years
The document summarizes key events during Bill Clinton's presidency from 1992 to 2000. It discusses Clinton's election as the first baby boomer president after Bush could not convince voters he could end the recession. Clinton aimed to move the Democratic party toward the center. His efforts to pass health care reform failed. However, the economy boomed during his presidency as unemployment dropped and the budget had a surplus used to pay off debt. Clinton was impeached in 1998 for perjury regarding his relationship with Monica Lewinsky but was acquitted by the Senate.
His 122 ch 26 republican resurgence and decline
The document summarizes Republican resurgence and decline in the 1920s. It discusses Warren G. Harding's election in 1920 on a platform of "return to normalcy" after WWI. His administration cut taxes and regulation but was plagued by corruption scandals. The economy boomed in the 1920s until the stock market crash of 1929, which deepened the Depression under Herbert Hoover's administration. High tariffs and tight money supply worsened the economic crisis.
·Question 10 out of 1 pointsIn the 2000 presidential e.docx
·
Question 1
0 out of 1 points
In the 2000 presidential election,
only forty percent of eligible voters voted.
George Bush eventually was named the winner, with only three electoral votes separating him and Al Gore.
it could be argued that most voters were voting against either George W. Bush or Al Gore, rather than for either of them.
most people polled said that they were disgusted with politics in general.
·
Question 3
0 out of 1 points
Which of these was true of the 1996 election?
Bob Dole was the Republican candidate, and he campaigned on his experience and age.
The Democrats were free to focus on getting Clinton reelected without opposition, while the Republicans had to battle each other to determine a candidate.
The entry of H. Ross Perot into the campaign, as in 1992, helped ensure Clinton's victory.
Clinton became the first Democrat since Harry Truman to be elected to two terms as president.
·
Question 6
0 out of 1 points
It was clear from the 2000 election that
Answers:
fraud had definitely occurred somewhere along the line.
a three-party system was the way of the future.
the nation was pretty much split along the lines of social liberals vs. Republican defenders of pre-1960s morality.
George W. Bush entered the White House with a great deal of "political capital."
·
Question 7
0 out of 1 points
Which of the following is true about the Republican house majority under Newt Gingrich's leadership?
Answers:
The Senate rejected many of their proposals.
Clinton vetoed a number of items that made it through the Senate.
Clinton conceded one of their most important principles when he said in a State of the Union speech that "the era of big government is over."
All of these choices.
·
Question 8
·
Question 9
0 out of 1 points
Which of these is descriptive of the nation's economy during the last half of the 1990s?
Unemployment remained high.
Between 1997 and 1999, the GDP grew at a rate of six percent.
The average price of stocks more than tripled and the economy improved during the decade.
Clinton received a great deal of credit for the improvements in the economy, especially since he had to deal with a Republican Congress.
·
Question 12
0 out of 1 points
Most illegal immigrants to America in the decades after 1965 were from
China.
Southeast Asia.
Latin America, but especially from Cuba.
Latin America, but especially from Mexico.
·
Question 13
0 out of 1 points
Bill Clinton took office with a decidedly centrist world view, as evidenced by his
Answers:
support for globalization.
liberal social principles and conservative economic views.
strong relationship with the former president, George H.W. Bush.
centrist Supreme Court nominees.
·
Question 17
0 out of 1 points
Monica Lewinsky will long be remembered for having had an affair with President Bill Clinton while she served as
Answers:
a page in the Senate.
a White House intern.
liai.
Workbook project courtneyfinal Period 5
The document summarizes key events during the Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover administrations from 1921-1929. It discusses the scandals during Harding's presidency and his weak leadership. It then covers Coolidge's frugal policies as president and support for business. Finally, it outlines Hoover's policies and the beginning of the Great Depression despite his promises to end poverty with high stock prices and a new tariff act that exacerbated the economic crisis.
What’s your question2
The document discusses why the United States did not join the League of Nations after World War I. Henry Cabot Lodge and other Republicans opposed U.S. membership due to concerns that Article X of the League charter would require the U.S. to take military action according to the League's decisions without regard for American interests. While Woodrow Wilson strongly advocated for the League and American involvement after winning the 1919 Nobel Peace Prize, the Republican-controlled Senate refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles that established the League. As a result, the U.S. remained outside of the League when it began operations after World War I.
1990s
The document summarizes major events and trends in the post-Cold War world from the late 1980s to 2000. Key events included the fall of communist governments in Eastern Europe, German reunification, and the dissolution of the Soviet Union. This ushered in an era dominated by global capitalism and free trade. However, the nature and stability of the new world order remained unclear. Domestically, the US grappled with economic challenges and cultural divisions over issues like immigration, race, and family values.
Reagan and Bush politics
Ronald Reagan was elected president in 1980 and championed smaller government and free market capitalism. He was re-elected in a landslide in 1984. George H.W. Bush succeeded Reagan as president in 1988. Bush oversaw the end of the Cold War and led a multinational coalition to expel Iraqi forces from Kuwait in the Persian Gulf War. However, Bush lost re-election in 1992 as the economy struggled with high unemployment and a large budget deficit.
Ch.16 america looks to the future
The document summarizes major events in late 20th century US history from the presidency of George H.W. Bush through the beginning of the 21st century presidency of George W. Bush. It discusses the end of the Cold War, Gulf War, Clinton presidency and scandals, 2000 election dispute, 9/11 terrorist attacks, War on Terror and wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, and challenges facing the US moving forward.
Age of limits and reagan chapter 31 Period 3
After Watergate, Gerald Ford assumed the presidency but was unable to curb inflation or the economic difficulties of the time. His pardon of Nixon hurt his popularity and he lost the 1976 election to Jimmy Carter. Carter emphasized human rights but faced challenges like inflation, fuel shortages, and the Iran hostage crisis. This hurt his reelection bid, which was won by Ronald Reagan in 1980. Reagan implemented conservative policies like tax cuts and military spending increases. He faced challenges like budget deficits and scandals but remained popular. The Cold War began to thaw under Gorbachev's reforms in the Soviet Union. George H. W. Bush succeeded Reagan but faced a recession and the Gulf War during his term.
Age of limits and reagan chapter 31 Period 3
After Watergate, Gerald Ford assumed the presidency but was unable to curb inflation or the economic difficulties of the time. His pardon of Nixon hurt his popularity and he lost the 1976 election to Jimmy Carter. Carter emphasized human rights but faced challenges like inflation, fuel shortages, and the Iran hostage crisis. This hurt his reelection bid, which was won by Ronald Reagan in 1980. Reagan implemented conservative policies like tax cuts and military spending increases. He faced challenges like budget deficits and scandals but remained popular. The Cold War began to thaw under Gorbachev's reforms in the Soviet Union. George H. W. Bush succeeded Reagan but faced a recession and the Gulf War during his term.
The Late Cold War, c. 1968-1991.pdf
Richard Nixon pursued détente with China and the USSR during the Late Cold War era from 1968-1991. The 1973 OPEC oil embargo led to stagflation under Nixon and Ford. Jimmy Carter faced challenges including the Iran hostage crisis. Ronald Reagan pursued supply-side economics and escalated defense spending, while improving relations with the USSR under Gorbachev. The Cold War ended as the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991 under Gorbachev and Bush.
Nioxon to bush presidents
The document provides a summary of the presidencies of several US presidents from Nixon to George W. Bush. It notes that Nixon created revenue sharing but ended up giving more power to the federal government. His presidency was marred by the Watergate scandal which led to his resignation. Ford pardoned Nixon but struggled with a weak economy and rising inflation and unemployment. Carter focused on the economy but was hampered by issues in the Middle East including the Iran hostage crisis. Reagan appealed to conservatives and his "Reaganomics" policies aimed to boost the economy through tax cuts and increased military spending which contributed to economic recovery. The Cold War ended under H.W. Bush but a recession emerged. Clinton oversaw economic growth but his health
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The Bill Clinton Era the 1990s and the new millennium
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Ronald Reagan
Ronald Reagan was a conservative American politician who served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. Some key details about his life and presidency include: He was born in 1911 in Illinois and got his start in Hollywood before pursuing a career in politics. As President, Reagan advocated for lower taxes, less government regulation of the economy, and increased defense spending. His policies aimed to stimulate economic growth and roll back communism. However, his policies also increased inequality and federal debt. Reagan survived an assassination attempt in 1981.
The Electoral Process
The document discusses the nomination process for political candidates in the United States. It outlines the main methods of nomination, including self-announcement, caucuses, conventions, direct primaries, and petitions. It also discusses the differences between open and closed primaries, and debates the pros and cons of different nomination systems. General elections are the final elections where voters select between nominated candidates.
Voters & Voter Behavior
The document summarizes the expansion of suffrage and voting rights in the United States over time. It discusses how voting was initially only granted to white male property owners but has expanded to include all races, both sexes above age 18. The document also outlines the various stages of this expansion, from eliminating property and religious requirements, to amendments granting rights to Black men, women, those over 18, and residents of Washington D.C. Finally, it discusses ongoing debates around voter registration requirements and voter identification laws.
Nixon, Ford, & Carter (1969-1981)
The document provides an overview of the Nixon administration and presidency from 1969-1974. It discusses Nixon's conservative yet also liberal domestic policies including his Southern Strategy, environmental protections, and creation of OSHA. His foreign policies achieved successes like normalization with China and arms limitations with the USSR. The Watergate scandal erupted from the 1972 break-in at the DNC offices and led to Nixon's resignation in 1974 after impeachment proceedings began. Gerald Ford succeeded Nixon as president and faced economic challenges.
President Bush
This biography summarizes the life and career of George H.W. Bush. It details that he was born in Massachusetts, raised in Connecticut, served as a Navy pilot during WWII, got his degree from Yale and went into the oil business in Texas. It outlines his extensive political career including as UN Ambassador, RNC Chair, envoy to China, CIA Director, Vice President under Reagan from 1981-1989. It provides an overview of his 1988 presidential campaign against Michael Dukakis and his domestic and foreign policy as president from 1989-1993.
President Reagan
Ronald Reagan was a conservative American politician who served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. Some key details about his life and presidency include: He was born in 1911 in Illinois and got his start in Hollywood before pursuing a career in politics. As President, Reagan advocated for lower taxes, less government regulation of the economy, and increased defense spending. His policies aimed to stimulate economic growth and roll back communism. However, his presidency was also marked by controversies like the Iran-Contra affair and growing inequality.
Watergate
The Watergate scandal of the 1970s involved the burglary of the Democratic National Committee headquarters in the Watergate apartment complex in Washington D.C. by Republican operatives connected to President Richard Nixon's re-election campaign. Multiple investigations revealed that senior White House officials, including Nixon, were involved in attempting to cover-up the burglary and other abuses of power. Facing impeachment and criminal prosecution, Nixon resigned as president on August 9, 1974, becoming the only U.S. president to resign from office. His successor Gerald Ford later pardoned Nixon for any federal crimes he may have committed.
Nixon, Ford, & Carter (1969-1981)
Nixon avoided relying directly on his cabinet and instead relied heavily on a close staff led by H.R. Haldeman and John Ehrlichman. Nixon struggled with high inflation and unemployment during his first term despite implementing wage and price freezes. The 1973 oil embargo caused by OPEC quadrupling oil prices in response to U.S. support for Israel seriously worsened inflation and led to a recession. Nixon also implemented a "Southern Strategy" of appealing to white southern voters by slowing desegregation and cutting funding for fair housing laws. In foreign policy, Nixon and his National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger pursued détente, relaxing tensions with major communist powers China and the Soviet Union through realpolitik negotiations and
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War began in 1954 after France lost control of Vietnam to Ho Chi Minh's Viet Minh forces. Vietnam was divided at the 17th parallel, with Ho Chi Minh controlling North Vietnam and Ngo Dinh Diem controlling South Vietnam. The US initially provided aid to Diem's repressive government in South Vietnam and gradually increased military involvement over the following decades. Despite massive US bombing campaigns and increasing troop deployments, the Tet Offensive in 1968 showed that the US was not winning the war. Growing anti-war sentiment led Nixon to begin withdrawing troops in 1973, and South Vietnam fell to Communist rule in 1975. The human and financial costs of the war were immense.
Civil Rights
This document provides an overview of key events and figures in the civil rights movement in the United States from the post-Civil War era to the 1960s. It outlines milestones such as the Supreme Court's Plessy v. Ferguson decision legalizing segregation in 1896, Brown v. Board of Education ending school segregation in 1954, the Montgomery Bus Boycott of 1955-1956 led by Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King Jr., the Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the assassinations of Malcolm X in 1965 and Martin Luther King Jr. in 1968.
APUSH Exam
The document summarizes the format and scoring of the AP US History exam. It is divided into two sections totaling 3 hours and 15 minutes. Section I has multiple choice and short answer questions worth 60% of the score. Section II contains a document-based question and long essay question worth the remaining 40%. Scores range from 1 to 5, with 5 being extremely well qualified. The exam covers US history from 1491 to the present in chronological order.
Intro to Political Parties
This document defines political parties and describes their functions. It explains that political parties seek to control government by winning elections. Parties work to nominate candidates, campaign, take policy stances to attract voters, and oversee the conduct of government once in power. The US has a two-party system due to historical precedent, tradition, and electoral rules that make it difficult for third parties to succeed. Multi-party systems elect coalitions and represent diverse views, while one-party systems are common in dictatorships.
Intro to Political Parties
This document defines political parties and describes their functions. It explains that political parties seek to control government by winning elections. Parties work to nominate candidates, campaign, take policy stances to attract voters, and oversee the conduct of government once in power. The US has a two-party system due to historical precedent, tradition, and electoral rules that make it difficult for third parties to succeed. Multi-party systems elect multiple parties through coalitions, providing broader representation.
President Nixon
Nixon pursued a policy of détente by relaxing tensions with major communist powers. His national security advisor Henry Kissinger played a key role in secret diplomatic outreach to China and the Soviet Union. This led to Nixon's historic 1972 visit to China, establishing diplomatic relations and further cooperation. Nixon also reached agreements with the Soviet Union, including the SALT I treaty that imposed the first limits on nuclear weapons.
Watergate
The Watergate scandal of the 1970s involved the burglary of the Democratic National Committee headquarters in the Watergate apartment complex in Washington D.C. by Republican operatives connected to President Richard Nixon's re-election campaign. Multiple investigations revealed that senior White House officials, including Nixon, were involved in attempting to cover-up the burglary and other abuses of power. Facing impeachment and criminal prosecution, Nixon resigned as president on August 9, 1974, becoming the only U.S. president to resign from office. His successor Gerald Ford later pardoned Nixon for any federal crimes he may have committed.
Impact of the Cold War
The Cold War had major impacts on national security and domestic policies in the US. The National Security Act of 1947 created new institutions like the Department of Defense and CIA to centralize defense efforts. NSC-68 called for expanding the military budget to actively counter communism globally. McCarthyism spread fear of communist influence domestically. Military spending increased dramatically as a percentage of GDP due to the arms race with the Soviet Union. Eisenhower later warned of the growing influence of the "military-industrial complex" on politics and society.
Korean War
The Korean War began in 1950 when North Korean troops invaded South Korea, crossing the 38th parallel dividing line. The United Nations backed the US-led defense of South Korea in an effort to contain communism. Fighting escalated as Chinese troops joined the North Koreans, pushing UN forces back below the 38th parallel. The war settled into a stalemate along the border until an armistice was signed in 1953, leaving Korea still divided at the 38th parallel. The war had significant effects including the rise of the US military-industrial complex and the desegregation of American military units.
1950s Culture
The 1950s saw a period of prosperity and social conformity in the United States. Several key developments included the post-World War II baby boom, the rise of automobile-centered suburban living, and the emergence of consumerism and new household appliances. Television became hugely popular and shaped popular culture, while new youth cultures like rock n' roll music and teen rebellion also emerged. Strict gender roles were emphasized, and families often conformed to stereotypical television portrayals of suburban life. Religious observance increased and the nuclear family became the societal ideal.
Mobilization--WWII
FDR took steps in the early 1940s to prepare the US for potential involvement in World War II by asking businesses to support Britain's defense efforts and warning of threats posed by Axis nations like Germany. He knew the US would need to massively scale up production of war materials if it did enter the war. FDR mobilized the military and passed laws for conscription. When the US did enter the war in 1941, the government took control of the economy and directed industries to focus on weapons production. Massive federal spending and taxation financed the war effort while rationing and shortages affected daily life on the home front.
Road to War
The document summarizes the rise of fascism in Europe in the 1930s and the events leading up to America's entry into World War 2. It describes how Germany, Italy, and Japan increasingly violated international laws and invaded other nations. While the League of Nations condemned these actions, they were unable to stop them. Britain and France initially pursued a policy of appeasement toward Germany. As Germany continued expanding territorially through Europe, President Roosevelt took steps to increase US defense and aid to Britain through measures like Lend-Lease, but most Americans still favored isolationism. The war began in Europe in 1939 with the German invasion of Poland. By 1940, Germany had conquered much of the continent while Britain stood alone, increasing pressure
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Bush & Clinton
- 1. M O D E R N P R E S I D E N T S GHW Bush and Bill Clinton
- 2. GHW BUSH Followed Reagan Worked off the success of Reagan Won presidency over Michael Dukakis Governor of MA 54-46%, 426-112 electoral votes
- 7. GHW BUSH His presidency: Notable for rise in international affairs and absence of ideas on domestic issues He worked with Gorbachev Made many agreements with Soviets with arms reduction Promised “read my lips, no new taxes” Oops, he agreed to a large tax increase in 1990
- 8. GHW BUSH After collapse of Soviets, the U.S. was the only real superpower left U.S. could reduce its military strength Some wanted U.S. to expand their power Conflict in Panama in 1989, overthrow of Manuel Noriega Replaced him with an elected pro-American leader
- 9. GHW BUSH First Gulf War: 1990: Iraq invaded Kuwait, oil-rich neighbor Bush persuaded almost every important democratic gov‟t in the world, including Soviet Union, to join a UN-sanctioned trade embargo of Iraq US, France, Egypt, and Saudi Arabian forces form between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia
- 10. GHW BUSH Fighting went from November-February Iraq surrendered and cease fire ensued 141 UN deaths, 100,000 Iraqi deaths
- 11. GHW BUSH Popularity high at end of Gulf War Recession worsened, Bush did nothing to make economy improve Clinton ran vs. Bush and Perot Clinton 43%, Bush 37%, Perot 19% of popular vote 370-168 electoral votes for Clinton Perot won more 3rd party votes than anyone since Teddy Roosevelt in 1912
- 13. CLINTON Tax increase on wealthy Reduction in gov‟t spending Expansion of tax credits for low-income workers NAFTA created, eliminating trade barriers with the US, Canada, and Mexico Health care reform was his goal: Hilary R-C ran task force, Congress shot it down
- 14. CLINTON 1996 Election: Clinton vs. Dole Federal gov‟t shutdown caused people to blame Congress, which had been controlled by Republicans Turned tide back to Clinton 49% Clinton-41% Dole, 8% Perot 379-159 Electoral Votes for Clinton
- 15. CLINTON Other items: Budget surplus in 1998, first time in 30 years Paula Jones and Monica Lewinsky: OOPS Whitewater scandal: one part of why he was potentially to be impeached But overall, Clinton had a higher popularity rating at the end of his term than the start: rare! Economy and world were stable!
- 16. Paula Jones Monica Lewinsky CLINTON
- 17. THE END