1. Beyond the Cold War
Chapter 26

2. Foreign Affairs
Invasion of Panama (1989)
 Bush ordered an invasion to capture General
Manuel Noriega for trial for drug smuggling and
money laundering.
The Gulf War
 Saddam Hussein, dictator of Iraq
 Iraq invaded its wealthy neighbor Kuwait on
August 2, 1990 because of an oil dispute.
 The U.S. dispatched troops to Saudi Arabia to
prevent Iraq expansion.
 Desert Shield

4. The Gulf War
The U.N. authorized the use of force to dislodge
Iraq from Kuwait.
 By January 1991, Bush had put together a 28 nation
coalition
Operation Desert Storm
 Air attack began on January 17 against Baghdad
 Ground attack began on February 24 and lasted
only 4 days
 Cease fire on February 28
 148 U.S. combat deaths / 145 noncombatant.
 Saddam Hussein remained in power.

5. Recession and Downsizing
Bush seemed unbeatable
 Approval rating – 91%
Bush was an expert in foreign policy; however,
the Cold Warwas over.
Bush begins the process of downsizing the
military.
 Private businesses also began “restructuring” and
“downsizing”
 Economic recession
 Bush administration assured Americans that the
recession would be short and self-correcting.
 “Peace dividend”

6. More Controversy
Clarence Thomas Hearings
 Bush nominates for Supreme Court
 African American and a Conservative
 Former employee Anita Hill accused Thomas of sexual
harassment
 Thomas was confirmed in the Senate by a 52 to 48
margin.
North American Free Trade Agreement
 Bush negotiated NAFTA with Canada and Mexico
 Tariff reductions would open up foreign markets to
American industries.
 Organized labor favored barriers against cheaper foreign
products that might cost U.S. jobs.
 Passed in 1993.

7. The Election of 1992
George Bush (Rep)
Bill Clinton (Dem)
 Moderate Governor of Arkansas
 Stressed economic issues to win over working-class
whites and blacks.
 Made extensive use of polls to shape his stance on
issues.Flip-flopped on controversial issues.“Slick Willie”
 Personal Character
 Chronic adulterer
 Dodged the draft in Vietnam
Ross Perot (Independent)
 Candidate of the Reform Party
 Wealthy Texan

8. “It’s the Economy…”

9. The Clinton Presidency
Health care reform plan
 Government subsidized health care
 Hillary Clinton
 Failed to muster the necessary support of
Congress and the public.
Comprehensive economic program
 Tax hikes for corporations and for individuals in
higher tax brackets.
 Increased “investment” in public works and in
education, skills, health, and welfare.
 Very controversial; narrowly passed.
“Don’t ask; don’t tell” policy forthe military

10. The Clinton Presidency on Trial
The Conservative Revolution Reborn
 Midterm elections of 1994
 Newt Gingrich (R-Speaker of the House in 1995)
 The “Contract with America”
 Welfare reform
 Government shutdown
Scandals
 Whitewater fraud (S & L scandal)
 Paula Jones – Sexual harassment
 Monica Lewinsky affair (White House intern)
 Impeachment for perjury(1998)
 Acquittal (1999)

11. The Clinton Presidency:
The New World Disorder
Middle East Peace
 Middle East peace
negotiations
 1993 agreement between
Israeli prime minister
Yitzhak Rabin and PLO
leader Yasir Arafat to
restore Palestinian self-rule
in the Gaza Strip and the
West Bank.
 Rabin assassinated in
1995.

12. The Clinton Presidency:
The New World Disorder
Americans in Haiti (1995)
 Coup against Democratically-elected Jean-Bertrand
Aristide.
 Jimmy Carter sent to Port-au-Prince to negotiate
 U.S. troops landed without opposition
Yugoslavian Turmoil (The Balkans)
 Ethnic and religious conflicts in Bosnia and Croatia
 Orthodox Serbs, Catholic Croats, and Bosnian or Albanian
Muslims
 NATO launched air strikes in 1995. Peacekeeping mission.
 Intervention in Kosovo
 Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic asserted Serbian
control through martial law.
 NATO launched air strikes in 1999

14.  1986 Immigration and Control Act
Significant Events
 1992 Rodney King verdict; Clinton elected
 1993 NAFTA passed
 1994 Republicans win control of Congress
 1995 Oklahoma City bombing
 1996 California passes Proposition 209
 1998 Lewinsky scandal
 1999 Senate acquits Clinton of impeachment
charges