Burns are tissue damage that results from heat, overexposure to the sun or other radiation, or chemical or electrical contact. Burns can be minor medical problems or life-threatening emergencies. The treatment of burns depends on the location and severity of the damage.
BURN - Presented By Mohammed Haroon Rashid Haroon Rashid
Subject is Medical Surgical Nursing - II & Topic is Burn, Presented by Mohammed Haroon Rashid Basci B.Sc Nursing 3rd Year in Florence College of Nursing
BURN - Presented By Mohammed Haroon Rashid Haroon Rashid
Subject is Medical Surgical Nursing - II & Topic is Burn, Presented by Mohammed Haroon Rashid Basci B.Sc Nursing 3rd Year in Florence College of Nursing
medical surgical nursing , nursing management of burn patients, it includes definition, classification of burn injury, clinical manifestaion, assessment of burn injury , management of patient with burn, care given to the patient.
A burn is a type of injury to skin, or other tissues, caused by heat, cold, electricity, chemicals, friction, or radiation. Most burns are due to heat from hot liquids, solids, or fire. While rates are similar for males and females the underlying causes often differ.
it consist definition, types of burn, its cause, scales to measure degree of burn, first aid management and supportive management along with rehabilitation therapy.
BURN REHABILITATION
It include definition, purposes, stages, skin graft, rehabilitation, role and responsibility
for more details follow
www.vipinpatidar.wordpress.com
medical surgical nursing , nursing management of burn patients, it includes definition, classification of burn injury, clinical manifestaion, assessment of burn injury , management of patient with burn, care given to the patient.
A burn is a type of injury to skin, or other tissues, caused by heat, cold, electricity, chemicals, friction, or radiation. Most burns are due to heat from hot liquids, solids, or fire. While rates are similar for males and females the underlying causes often differ.
it consist definition, types of burn, its cause, scales to measure degree of burn, first aid management and supportive management along with rehabilitation therapy.
BURN REHABILITATION
It include definition, purposes, stages, skin graft, rehabilitation, role and responsibility
for more details follow
www.vipinpatidar.wordpress.com
I had made a comprehensive presentation that covers the types of burns,causes,method to calculate the percentage of burns,symptoms&signs and management of burns.Hope it will be very much useful for medical students and emergency care physicians.
Brief description about what are burns, structure of skin, how we can classify burns based upon mechanism and differential diagnosis ,pathophysiology of burn, rule of 9, general and systemic response to burns, complications, fluid resuscitation, parkland formula, monitoring of resuscitation
Burns management presentation by 2nd yr MSC nursing studentSigymol John
this ppt deals with the management part of burns, mainly divided as pre-hospital care, emergent phase,acute phase and rehabilitation phase along with nursing management,nursing diagnosis and interventions.
Skin disorders which are coomon among pediatric populaion such as scabies, oral thrush, dermatophyoses, impetigo,psoriasiasi, acne and burns are explained here in this presentation.
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T cell deficiency is a deficiency of T cells, caused by decreased function of individual T cells, it causes an immunodeficiency of cell-mediated immunity. T cells normal function is to help with the human body's immunity, they are one of the two primary types of lymphocytes
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an abnormally increased concentration of haemoglobin in the blood, either through reduction of plasma volume or increase in red cell numbers. It may be a primary disease of unknown cause, or a secondary condition linked to respiratory or circulatory disorder or cancer.
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View all Thalassemia (thal-uh-SEE-me-uh) is an inherited blood disorder that causes your body to have less hemoglobin than normal.
Hemorrhagic shock occurs when the body begins to shut down due to large amounts of blood loss. People suffering injuries that involve heavy bleeding may go into hemorrhagic shock if the bleeding isn't stopped immediately. Common causes of hemorrhagic shock include: severe burns.
Hemophilia is a rare disorder in which your blood doesn't clot normally because it lacks sufficient blood-clotting proteins (clotting factors). If you have hemophilia, you may bleed for a longer time after an injury than you would if your blood clotted normally. Small cuts usually aren't much of a problem.
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Ulcerative colitis (UL-sur-uh-tiv koe-LIE-tis) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes inflammation and ulcers (sores) in your digestive tract. Ulcerative colitis affects the innermost lining of your large intestine (colon) and rectum. Symptoms usually develop over time, rather than suddenly.
An intestinal obstruction occurs when your small or large intestine is blocked. The blockage can be partial or total, and it prevents passage of fluids and digested food. If intestinal obstruction happens, food, fluids, gastric acids, and gas build up behind the site of the blockage.
A hernia is the abnormal exit of tissue or an organ, such as the bowel, through the wall of the cavity in which it normally resides. Hernias come in a number of types. Most commonly they involve the abdomen, specifically the groin. Groin hernias are most commonly of the inguinal type but may also be femoral.
Diarrhoea is usually a symptom of an infection in the intestinal tract, which can be caused by a variety of bacterial, viral and parasitic organisms. Infection is spread through contaminated food or drinking-water, or from person-to-person as a result of poor hygiene.
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All vital organs begin to lose some function as you age during adulthood. Aging changes occur in all of the body's cells, tissues, and organs, and these changes affect the functioning of all body systems. Living tissue is made up of cells. There are many different types of cells, but all have the same basic structure.
Kidney stones (also called renal calculi, nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis) are hard deposits made of minerals and salts that form inside your kidneys. Diet, excess body weight, some medical conditions, and certain supplements and medications are among the many causes of kidney stones.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
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Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
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The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
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2. INTRODUCTION
Burn injuries occurs when energy from heat source is
transferred to the tissues of the body.
Heat may be transferred through conduction or
radiation.
A scald is burn injury caused by contact with hot liquid
or steam but the term ‘burn’ is often used to include
scald.
Most burns only affects skin. Disruption of skin can
lead to increased fluid loss, infection, hypothermia,
scarring, changes in appearance and body image.
3. DEFINITION
Injuries that results from direct contact with or
exposure to any thermal, chemical, electrical, or
radiation sources are termed as BURNS.
Damage to skin or tissues caused by heat, flame, or
steam.
7. •FIRST DEGREE BURNS:
o It involves only
epidermis.
o Tissue will blanch with
pressure.
o It produces pink to
reddish colour on
burned skin.
o Involves minimal tissue
damage.
o S&S: redness, pain,
swelling
8. •SECOND DEGREE BURNS:
o It involves epidermis and
portion of dermis.
o Often involves other structures
such as sweat glands, hair
follicles.
o bright red and Blisters are
produced.
o Oedema, decreased blood
flow to tissue can lead to third
degree burn
o S&S: severe pain, swelling,
blisters
o Healing time: depend on
9. •THIRD DEGREE BURNS:
o It involves epidermis, dermis
and hypo-dermis.
o Both dermis and epidermis are
destroyed.
o They produce deep scars.
o Sometimes nerves ending also
may destroyed.
o S&S: charred skin or translucent
white skin with coagulated
vessels, pain may or may not
present.
o Healing time: depend on
severity. It needed to be treated
10. •FOURTH DEGREE BURNS:
o It involves deep injuries to
muscle, bone, tendons.
o These may occur with deep
flame, electrical or chemical
injuries.
o S&S: wound may become
blackened, depressed and
sensation is absent.
o If extremity is involved,
amputation is required.
21. SUBSEQUENT MANAGEMENT
FIRST AID
PREVENTION OF SHOCK AND RESPIRATORY
DISTRESS
WOUND ASSESSMENT AND WOUND CARE
PREVENTION OF COMPLICATIONS AND
INFECTION
NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT
REHABLITATION
FUNCTIONAL AND COSMETIC
RECONSTRUCTIONS
22. FIRST AID FOR BURN INJURY:
If the skin is not broken, run cool water over the burned
area or soak it in a cool water bath.
Reassure the victim and keep calm.
Cover the burn with sterile non-adhesive Bandage.
Protect burn from friction and pressure.
Over the counter pain medications may be used to help
relieve pain , that also help to reduce inflammation and
swelling.
Make sure that victim is breathing. If the breathing has
stopped or the victims airway is blocked then open airway
and if necessary begin CPR.
Do not use blanket and towel.
Avoid breaking blisters.
23. DO NOT:
Do not apply ointment, butter,
medications, fluffy cotton dressings, ice,
adhesive bandages, cream, oil, or any
household remedy to burns.
Do not allow the burn to become
contaminated. Avoid breathing and
coughing on burned area.
Do not disturb blisters or dead skin.
24. AIRWAY MANAGEMENT:
• Persons who are burned on face and neck or those
who inhaled flame, steam or smoke should be
observed closely for laryngeal oedema and airway
obstruction.
• For mild pulmonary injury, inspired air is humidified
patient is encouraged to cough so that secretions
removed by suctioning.
• For severe injury, it is necessary to remove
secretions by bronchial suctioning and to administer
bronchodilators , mucolytic agents.
• Early management may required intubation and
ventilation.
• Elevation of head and chest by 20-30 degree to
25. HYPERBARIC OXYGEN
THERAPY(HBOT):
It is non-invasive mode of medical treatment.
In which the patient is entirely enclosed in a pressure
chamber filled with oxygen at a Pressure greater than
atmosphere.
Topical hypererobic oxygen therapy techanique
includes delivering 100% oxygen directly to an open,
moist wound at a pressure slightly higher than
atmospheric pressure through special devices.
It is specially used in also used in the treatment of
smoke inhalation. CO has a high affinity to hemo-
globin and when it is inhaled it will bind to hemo-globin
forming compound called carboxy-hemoglobin, this will
lead to hypoxia and decreases oxygen delivery to
26. FLUID MANAGEMENT:
Fluid loss is best immediately replaced through
two large caliber peripheral intravenous
catheters. An indwelling foley catheter is inserted
to monitor urine output accurately.
Adult with >15% of burns and child with >10% of
burns BSA requires fluid resuscitation.
*All resuscitation formulae should be delivered
as a goal directed therapy to prevent the
complications of hypovolemic shock and over-
hydration.
27. WOUND MANAGEMENT:
The wound is one of cause of morbidity and
mortality of burn injuries. Until the wound is
healed, patient remains at risk of complications.
GOALS of wound care:
Cleanse wound & eliminate dead tissues and
debris.
Prevent further destruction of viable skin.
Provide for patient comfort.
• Wound dressings.
29. DERMABRASION:
It is the surgical procedure to
improve appearance of scars,
restore function and correct
disfigurement of injury.
It is used to smooth scars
tissue by shaving or scarring off
the top layers
Scars are permanent but their
appearance will improve.
The procedure may be
performed in a dermatological
surgeon’s office or in a out-
30. SKIN GRAFTS:
It is a surgical procedure in
which piece of skin from one
area to another area.
Skin from another person or
animal is used to cover only
large burned areas.
The skin is taken from donor’s
site, which was healthy skin
implanted at damaged recipient
site.
That is performed under general
sanesthesia.
This time may be 3 weeks or few
months.
31. ROLE OF NURSE IN BURN
MANAGEMENT:
RESTORING NORMAL FLUID BALANCE
PREVENTION OF INFECTION
MAINTAIN ADEQUATE NUTRITION
PROMOTING SKIN INTEGRITY
RELIEVING PAIN AND DISCOMFORT
PROMOTING PHYSICAL MOBILITY
STRENGTHENING COPING STRATEGIES
SUPPORTING PATIENT AND FAMILY
32. NURSING MANAGEMENT:
NURSING ASSESSMENT:
Assess airway, breathing, circulation, disability,
exposure and need for fluid resuscitation.
Assess severity and conscious level.
Assess for associated injuries.
Assess for any pre-existing illness, drug therapy,
allergies.
Establish patient’s tetanus immunization
Body surface area burned: rule of nine.
Depth of burn
Circumferential extremity burns
34. ROLE OF NURSE IN
REHABILITATION:
Promoting activity intolerance
Schedule care in a way that each person has a
periods of uninterrupted sleep.
A good time is planned for rest, after the stress of
dressing changes and exercise.
Improving body image and self concept
Assess the patient concern about body images
and can refer to support group.
Help patients practice their responses to people
who may stare or inquire about their injury once
they are discharged from the hospital.
35. CONTINUE...
Monitoring and managing potential
complications
Contracture may main complication which may
come after the recovery of burns.
It may be minimized by doing or applying range
of motion exercises.
Although there is a procedure escharotomy to
make patient relieve from scars.
36. PREVENTION OF BURN
INJURY:
IN GENERAL:
Keep matches, lighters, chemicals and lit candles out of
kid’s reach.
Put child’s safety covers on all electrical outlets.
Make sure especially when using irons and curl irons.
Prevent house fires by making sure you have smoke
alarm in every level of your home and in each bedroom.
Check these monthly and change it.
IN BATHROOM:
Set thermostat in your hot water heater to 120 degree
farenheit, or use low medium setting.
Always test bathwater with your elbow before use.
Turn kids away from fixtures so they are less likely to
37. CONTINUE...
IN KITCHEN:
Turn pot handles toward the back of the stove.
Never let child use walker in kitchen.
Avoid using tablecloth that can pull hot drink or plate on
them.
Keep hot drinks and foods out of reach of children.
Never drink hot beverages when child is sitting in your lap.
Never hold baby while cooking.
OUTSIDE/IN THE CAR:
Use playground with caution. If it’s very hot outside, use
equipment only in morning.
If you leave your car seat and stroller in sun then when you
are using cover it with blanket or towel.
Don’t forget to apply sunscreen when going outside. Use
product with SPF 15 or higher.