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Similar to Building student motivation
Building student motivation
- 1. Building Motivationin Students and Staff
- 2. How do wemotivate intrinsically? Staff motivation Student motivation How are the two similar? How are they different?
- 3. Two Names forParticipatory Leadership Distributed Leadership Shared Decision-Making
- 4. John Dewey â Democratic structure to education, including the vision of the school Mary Parker Follett â Staff works on the vision together, supporting in various roles the continued success of the organization Is any of this really all that new?
- 5. Florida Principal LeadershipStandards Handout for review
- 6. Self-Determination Theory CompetenceControl Relevance/Relationships (to important goals or real life or beliefs)
- 7. Many Contributors toStudent Motivation Student Choice Social Interaction Accountability Creativity Success Challenge Feedback Modeling
- 8. Student Choice Turner(1995) found that teachers who are successful at motivating students often provide myriad of choices during a lesson. When students are supported in choosing from a wide selection of texts, sustained reading and measured achievement increase ( Morrow, 1996 ). Choice is motivating because it affords students with control. Children seek to be in command of their environment, rather than being manipulated by powerful others. This need for self-direction can be met in reading instruction through well-designed choices.
- 9. Student Choice Choicein assignment: You can either draw or write your summary Choice of what to read: You can either read the chapter in the textbook or this picture book on the same topic Choice of partner or role in cooperative learning: You can be the writer or the reporter
- 10. Social Interaction Cooperativelearning has many positive outcomes. Research shows that cooperative learning improves studentsâ efforts to achieve. They work harder, achievement levels go up, material is remembered longer, and higher-level reasoning is used more. http://education.umn.edu/research/ResearchWorks/coop-learning.html
- 11. Social Interaction Studieshave linked extrinsic motivation with competition (reward driven, playing only to win, ego oriented) and intrinsic motivation with cooperation (mastery driven, self-determined, task oriented) (Amabile & Hennessey, 1992; Chandler & Connell, 1987).
- 12. Social Interaction Whileany kind of motivation seems preferable to none, there is compelling evidence that students who are more intrinsically than extrinsically motivated fare better ( Brooks et al., 1998 ; Lumsden, 1994 ). In fact, some research demonstrates that using extrinsic motivators to engage students in learning can both lower achievement and negatively affect student motivation ( Dev, 1997 ; Lumsden, 1994 ).
- 13. Social Interaction Interactionwith the teacher is just as important if not more important than interaction with peers to most students!!!
- 14. Social Interaction Teacher/studentconferences about student progress Cooperative learning groups Partner projects Hands-on activities
- 15. Accountability Students aremore likely to be motivated when they know they are accountable Accountability does not equal a grade in the grade book
- 16. Accountability Students canbe verbally accountable to you or their peers Accountability should not be critical in nature, beware of creating defensiveness
- 17. Creativity Open vs.Closed tasks
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- 21. Success Students' attitudesabout their capabilities and their interpretation of success and failure further affect their willingness to engage themselves in learning ( Anderman & Midgley, 1998 ).
- 22. Success: How dowe help create it? Set attainable goals Focus on self-competition Using other motivation builders Cooperative Learning Student Choice Creativity
- 23. Success Tell studentswhat they need to do to succeed in your course/class.
- 24. Challenge Instruction shouldbe at their âzone of proximal developmentâ
- 25. Feedback Raise thePraise- Minimize the Criticize Things That Help Praise Work Praise needs to be: Authentic Specific Immediate Private
- 26. Feedback If studentsinterpret praise as manipulative, their motivation may decline because they feel they are being treated as objects ( Flint, Boggiano , Main, Barrett, & Katz, 1992 ). â However, when praise is sincerely given and interpreted as recognition of achievement, it can increase studentsâ self-perceived competence and motivationâ ( Guthrie & Wigfield , 2000, p. 414).
- 27. Give students feedbackas quickly as possible. Return tests and papers promptly, and reward success immediately. Give students some indication of how well they have done and how to improve.
- 28. Be specific whengiving negative feedback. Negative feedback is very powerful and can lead to a negative class atmosphere. Avoid demeaning comments. Many students in your class may be anxious about their performance and abilities.
- 29. Modeling Be enthusiasticabout your subject. An instructor's enthusiasm is a crucial factor in student motivation.
- 30. Modeling A studyconducted by graduate students correlated student achievement in reading to the amount of time that their teacher reported reading outside of school
- 31. Letâs Review! ALesson Plan Lesson Plan for Building Motivation Topic: Building Student Motivation Materials: PPT, Research Articles, Lesson Plan Forms, Lesson Topics, Chart Paper and Markers, etc
- 32. Social Interaction Feedback Instructional Sequence: Introduction In groups, participants list detractors of student motivation Share out - Trainer gives feedback Participants choose an article summary, read silently, then the group discusses what their articles have in common (Venn Diagram Trainer calls on each group to share one strategy they had in common - Trainer gives feedback PPT Presentation/Lecture Trainer models lesson plan for building student motivation In pairs or triads , participants create their own lesson plan based on the lesson topic of their choice. Pairs or triads share their lesson plan with their table (or a neighboring table if necessary). Trainer rotates among pairs to give private feedback. One thing I will try Motivation Strategies Used in Lesson: Student Choice Challenge Creativity Accountability
- 33. Final Thought âA teacher who is attempting to teach without inspiring the pupil with a desire to learn is hammering cold iron.â -Horace Mann
Editor's Notes
- #4Â Participatory leadership is leadership where everybody has a say. Distributed Leadership-management. Shared Decision Making one of the FPLA standards
- #5Â John Dewey starting writing about this at the turn of the century. âEducation must mirror democracyâ. Mary Parker Follett said that people are not represented.
- #10Â When possible, let students have some say in choosing what will be studied. Give students options on term papers or other assignments (but not on tests). Let students decide between two locations for the field trip, or have them select which topics to explore in greater depth. If possible, include optional or alternative units in the course. (Sources: Ames and Ames, 1990; Cashin, 1979; Forsyth and McMillan, 1991; Lowman, 1984)
- #13Â Extrinsic motivation : A student can be described as extrinsically motivated when he or she engages in learning "purely for the sake of attaining a reward or for avoiding some punishment" ( Dev, 1997 ). School practices that seek to motivate students extrinsically include publicly recognizing students for academic achievements; giving out stickers, candy, and other rewards; and taking away privileges, such as recess, on the basis of students' academic performance ( Brooks et al., 1998 ). Intrinsic motivation : A student can be described as intrinsically motivated when he or she is motivated from within: Intrinsically motivated students actively engage themselves in learning out of curiosity, interest, or enjoyment, or in order to achieve their own intellectual and personal goals. According to Dev, 1997 , "A student who is intrinsically motivated . . . will not need any type of reward or incentive to initiate or complete a task. This type of student is more likely to complete the chosen task and be excited by the challenging nature of an activity" (p. 13).
- #15Â When students talk about books, they let each other know what is worth reading and what is exciting to read. Students can scaffold one another. Studentsâ conceptual knowledge develops more completely when they work together in communities of learners, especially when motivation is high in such classroom communities.
- #16Â When students begin to be rewarded for doing what they like to do, their intrinsic motivation for the activity can decline. In general, the more a classroom encourages working for grades, the more it discourages intrinsic motivation. Avoid using grades as threats. As McKeachie (1986) points out, the threat of low grades may prompt some students to work hard, but other students may resort to academic dishonesty, excuses for late work, and other counterproductive behavior.
- #18Â Examples to follow. Open tasks are usually more rigorous and relevant. Closed tasks are worksheets, or others tasks where then final product is the same for every student.
- #19Â Instead of having students answer the questions at the end of the story, I would have them write a storyboard, and illustrate it, retelling the most important events.
- #22Â Developmental factors and students' perceptions about their own abilities also play into their level of engagement in learning. The older students get, the less likely they are to take risks and engage themselves fully in activities at which they are not sure they will succeed. According to Lumsden (1994) , "although young children tend to maintain high expectations for success even in the face of repeated failure, older students do not " (p. 2). To older students, "failure following high effort appears to carry more negative implications -- especially for their self-concept of ability -- than failure that results from minimal or no effort" ( Lumsden, 1994 , p. 2).
- #23Â Encourage students to believe that intelligence is not innate and fixed, but rather everchanging. The smart get smarter by learning more, by learning to use the strategies that smart people use and by acquiring in-depth understanding of important concepts, such as those at the heart of science, social studies, and literacy curricula. Encourage students to interpret failures as a natural part of learning. Discourage students from believing that failures reflect low ability. Foster the understanding that failures indicate a need to try harder in the future. Use student failures to diagnose when and how to scaffold a student. Use yourself as a model for failure and perseverance.
- #24Â Don't let your students struggle to figure out what is expected of them. Reassure students that they can do well in your course, and tell them exactly what they must do to succeed. Say something to the effect that "If you can handle the examples on these problem sheets, you can pass the exam. People who have trouble with these examples can ask me for extra help." Or instead of saying, "You're way behind," tell the student, "Here is one way you could go about learning the material. How can I help you?" (Sources: Cashin, 1979; Tiberius, 1990)
- #26Â Private because some students will react negatively toward public praise.
- #29Â Whenever you identify a student's weakness, make it clear that your comments relate to a particular task or performance, not to the student as a person. Try to cushion negative comments with a compliment about aspects of the task in which the student succeeded. (Source: Cashin, 1979) Be sensitive to how you phrase your comments and avoid offhand remarks that might prick their feelings of inadequacy.
- #30Â If you become bored or apathetic, students will too. Typically, an instructor's enthusiasm comes from confidence, excitement about the content, and genuine pleasure in teaching. If you find yourself uninterested in the material, think back to what attracted you to the field and bring those aspects of the subject matter to life for your students. Or challenge yourself to devise the most exciting way to present the material, however dull the material itself may seem to you.