The document discusses five principles of student motivation and engagement: 1. Meaning is motivating - students are more engaged when learning has meaning and purpose rather than being motivated by extrinsic rewards. 2. Learning is social - collaboration and social interaction increase student motivation more than independent work. 3. Self-efficacy - students are more motivated when they believe in their own ability to succeed and their confidence is supported through goal-setting and feedback. 4. Interest/relevance - making the content relevant to students' lives and interests enhances their motivation to learn. 5. Control and choice - providing students autonomy and choice in their learning increases their engagement compared to teacher-centered approaches.