This document discusses doors, windows, and related components for buildings. It begins by defining doors and windows and describing their typical locations. It then discusses the components of doors, including frames and shutters. Several types of doors are described along with their characteristics. The document also defines windows and factors that influence window design and placement. Various window types are outlined. Ventilators, which provide ventilation near room ceilings, are defined. Common sizes for ventilators are provided. Finally, the document discusses common fixtures and fastenings used for doors, windows, and ventilators, including hinges, bolts, handles, and locks.

1. UNIVERSAL COLLEGE
OF
ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
Title : Doors And Windows
Prepared by: Guided by:
Babariya Yash (150460106003) Pro. Dushyant parmar

2. Index
• Defination and location of doors
• Components of door
• Types of door
• Defination and factors of windows
• Design of window
• Types of window
• Ventilators defination
• Ventilator size
• Fixtures and fastenings : 1.Hinges
2.Bolts
3.Handles
4.Locks

3. Defination & location
Defination : A Door May Be Defined As An Openable Barrier Secured
In A Wall Opening.
Location Of Doors And Windows :
 Doors Should Preferable Be Located Near The Corner Of A Room,
At A Distance Of About 20cm From Corner.
 The Numbers Of Doors In A Room Should Be Kept Minimum,
Because The Large Number Of Doors Causes Obstruction And
Decreases Utility Of The Accomodition.
 From the point of view of free fresh air, a windows should be
located on the northern side of a room.
 A windows should be located in opposite wall, facing a door or
another window, so that cross ventilation is achieved.
 The location of windows should also meet the functional
requirments of the room, such as interior decoration, arrangement of
furniture etc.

4. Components of door :
(a) Door Frame (b)Door Shutter
(a)Door frame :

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(b)Door shutter :

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7. Types Of Doors :
1. Ledged door
2. Ledged and braced door
3. Ledged, braced and framed door
4. Panelled door
5. Glazed door
6. Flush door
7. Solid core flush door
8. Hollow core flush door
9. Fly proof door
10. Revolving door
11. Sliding shutter door
12. Collapsible steel door
13. Rolling steel shutter door
14. Louvered door

8. 1.Ledged door :

9. 2.Ledged and braced door :

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11. 3.Ledged, braced and framed door :

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13. 4.Panelled door :

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15. 5.Glazed door or sash door :

16. 6.Solid core flush door
(Laminated flush door) :

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18. 7.Hollow core flush door :

19. 8.Fly proof door :

20. 9.Revolving door :

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22. 10.Sliding shutter door :

23. 11.Collapsible steel door :

24. 12.Rolling steel shutter door :

25. 13.Louvered door :

26. Defination & Factors
Defination : A window is defined as an opening made in wall of a
building for the purpose of providing natural light, natural
ventilation and vision.
 The construction of window is identical to that of door. Window
consists of a window frame and shutter.
The selection of size, shape, location and number of windows in a
room depends upon the following factors :
1) Size of room
2) Location of the room
3) Utility of the room
4) Direction of the wall
5) Direction of wind
6) Climatic conditions such as humidity, temperature, etc.

27. Design of windows :
The points to be kept in view while making provision for windows in a
room are :
• The size and number of windows should be sufficient to provide
adequate light and ventilation in the room.
• Windows should be located opposite to each other wherever
possible. Windows provided on Northern side permit maximum day
light without glare.
• The windows sill should be placed at 75 to 100 cm above the floor
level. The top of doors and windows should be at the same level.
• The shutter of windows in external walls should open outside. This
checks entry of rain water inside the room.
• Windows on external walls should be provided with chajja
projections to prevent the entry of rain water in the room.

28. Types of windows :
1. Casement window
2. Steel window
3. Bay window
4. Clear storey window
5. Corner window
6. Dormer window
7. Sky window
8. Lantern window
9. Gable window
10. Double hung window
11. Sliding window
12. Pivoted window

29. 1.Casement window

30. 2.Steel window

31. 3.Bay window

32. 4.Clear storey window

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34. 5.Corner window

35. 6.Dormer window

36. 7.Sky window

37. 8.Lantern window

38. 9.Gable window

39. 10.Double hung window

40. 11.Sliding window

41. 12.Pivoted window

42. Ventilators
• A ventilator may be defined as a narrow window
of small height provided near the roof of a room
for providing ventilation in the room.
• The ventilator has a frame and a shutter, generally
glazed, which is horizontally pivoted.
• The shutter can be opened and closed by means
of, two cords, one attached to the top rail and
other to the bottom rail of the shutter.
• The top edge of the shutter opens inside and the
bottom edge opens outside, so that rail water is
excluded.

43. Ventilator size
Normally, the following sizes of ventilators are
adopted :
1) 600mm * 600mm
2) 1000mm * 600mm
3) 1200mm * 600mm
• Ventilators are also provided in bathrooms
and w.c. with glazed louvers.

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45. Fixtures and fastenings
The following types of fixtures and fastenings are required for doors,
windows and ventilators.
1. Hinges
2. Bolts
3. Handles
4. Locks
• The fixtures and fastenings for doors and windows can be of
iron, brass or aluminium.
• The screw holes in the item should be of counter shunk type.
• The fixtures and fastenings are manufactured in different
shapes and sizes to suit the requirements of the different size
and type of doors and windows.

46. Hinges
1. Back flap hinge :
• Useful when shutter are thin.
• These are fixed to the back side of the shutter.

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2. Butt hinge :
• Most commonly used for fixing door/window shutters to the
frame.
• One flange of hinge is screwed to the edge of the shutter
while the other is screwed to the rebate of the frame.

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3. Counter flap hinge :
• This hinge is formed in three parts and has two centres.
• Hence the two leaves can be folded back to back.

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4. Garnet hinge :
• This type of hinge is also known as t-shutter.
• It has one long arm which is screwed to the shutter and a short
arm is screwed to the door frame.
• This hinge is used for ledged and battened doors, ledged and
braced doors, etc.

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5. Nar mandi hinge :
• This is used for heavy doors.
• The flange or strap of the hinge is fixed to the door shutter
while the pin on which the strap rotates is fixed to the frame.

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6. Parliamentary hinge :
• These hinges permit the door shutters, when open, to rest
parallel to the wall.
• These hinges are used when the openings is narrow and when
it is required to keep the opening free from obstruction due to
door shutters.

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7. Pin hinge :
• This is also used for heavy door shutters.
• The centre pin of the hinge be removed and the two leaves or
straps of the hinge can be fixed separately to the frame and the
shutter.

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8. Rising butt hinge :
• This type of hinge is provided with helical nickle joints, due to
which shutter is raised by 10mm on being opened.
• Such hinges are used for doors of rooms having carpets etc.

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9. Strap hinge :
• It is a substitute of garnet or t-hinge. It is also used for ledged
and braced door and for heavy doors such as garrages, stables,
gates, etc.

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10. Spring hinge :
• Single acting and double acting spring hinges are used for
swinging doors. Single acting hinge is used when the door
shutter opens only in one direction, while double acting hinge
is used when shutter swings in two directions.
• The door closes automatically due to spring action.

56. Bolts
1. Aldrop bolt :
• It is fixed on external doors where pad locks are to be used.

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2. Barrel bolt :
• It is used for fixing back faces of doors. The soket is fixed to
the door frame while the plate is screwed to the inside of the
shutter.

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3. Flush bolt :
• This bolt is used when it is desired to keep the bolt flush with
the face of the shutter.

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4. Espagnalette bolt :
• This is used for screwing high doors and casement windows,
the top of which cannot be easily reached.

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5. Hasp and staple bolt :
• This is also used for external doors where pad lock is to be
used. The staple is fixed to the door frame, while the hasp is
fixed to the shutter.

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6. Latch :
• It is fixed to the inside face of the door. It consists of lever
pivoted at one end which can be actuated by a trigger passing
through the shutter.

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7. Hook and eye :
• This is used for keeping the window shutter in position when
the window is open.
• The hook is fixed to the sill of the frame while the eye is fixed
to the bottom rail of the shutter.

63. Handles
1. Wardrobe handle :
• Elliptical in shape. Used for better appearance.

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2. Lever handle :
• Works with a lever and the door closes automatically when
handle is released.

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3. Bow handle :
• To facilitate opening of the door.

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4. Door handle :

67. Locks
1. Mortise lock :

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2. Rim lock :

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3. Cupboard lock :

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4. Lever handle lock :

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5. Pad lock :

72. THANK YOU