This document discusses doors, windows, and ventilation. It defines doors and windows, lists their common parts, and describes 10 types of doors and various types of windows based on use and materials. Windows allow light and air into buildings. At least 10% of floor area should be openings for natural lighting and 5% for natural ventilation. The document outlines the process for fixing wooden doors and windows during construction and defines ventilation. Ventilators provide air flow and some natural light through smaller high/low openings. Various ventilator types are also described.

1. 6.0 Doors and Windows (2 hrs)
6.1 Doors: Frame, Shutters and their fixing details
6.2 Windows & Ventilation: Types & their fixing
details
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2. Door:
 It is the screen/board used to seal an opening in to the building or between
spaces within the building.
 It is a moving structure that allows access and also blocks the user to enter.
What does door do?
Provides safety to occupants.
Allows light and air.
Insulates the exterior noise and loudness.
Resists the external temperature.
Provides privacy to the user.
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3. Parts of a door:
1. Frame
2. Shutter
3. Fixtures
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Shutter
Fixture
Frame
Horn
Horn

4. Terms related to doors and windows:
Frame: Enclosure that supports the whole system.
Shutter: Openable part of a door/window.
Head: Uppermost horizontal part in a frame.
Rebate: Depression made inside the frame
Jamb/Post: Vertical part in a frame.
Horn: Horizontal projection in a frame.
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5. Sill: Lowermost horizontal part in a frame.
Style: Vertical outside member in a shutter.
Top rail: Uppermost horizontal part in a frame.
Lock rail/Middle rail: Horizontal member in
a shutter where lock arrangement is fixed.
Bottom rail: Lowermost horizontal part in a
shutter.
Intermediate/Cross rail: Additional horizontal
member present between top and bottom rails.
Mullion: Vertical member running in a shutter.
Transom: Horizontal bar that separates a door
and window, just above the door.
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6. 6

7. Types of doors:
A. Based on Shutter:
1. Battened door
2. Paneled door
3. Glazed door
4. Flush door
5. Sliding door
6. Revolving door
7. Collapsible door
8. Rolling shutter door
9. Swing door
10. Louvered door
B. Based on materials:
1. Timber
2. Steel
3. Aluminum
4. Others
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8. 1. Batteneddoor:
• Consists of series of battens.
• Normally 3 ledges are used.
• May or may not be secured with brace.
• Sometimes used as external door.
• Size of battens varies from 100 to 175mm
(width) and 20 to 32mm (thickness).
• Size of ledges varies from 100 to 200mm
(width) and 25 to 30 mm (thickness).
• Size of braces varies from 127-175 mm
(width) and 25-30 mm (thickness).
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Battened, ledged, braced & framed Door

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10. 10
Battened, ledged & framed Door
Battened, ledged, braced & framed Door

11. 2. Panelled door:
• Made with different panels of timber.
• Widely used in all types of buildings.
• Used as external door.
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12. 3. Glazed or Sash door:
• Same as paneled door but panels are made up of glass.
• Glass panels are fixed in timber frame.
• Used where the visibility of interior room is required.
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14. 4. Flush door:
•Has a framed skeleton and it is covered on both sides with laminated
boards or plywood .
•This door consists of a frame which has stiles, top, bottom and
intermediate rails which are covered on both sides.
•Easy to construct and economical than paneled door.
•Very common used.
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15. 15
A. Solid / Laminated Core Flush Door:
• Have solid blocks of wood inside.
• The solid core type flush doors
consist of stiles, top and bottom rails
each not less than 7.5cm wide.
• Mostly used as exterior door as it
provides better strength and insulation.

16. B. Hollow/Cellular Core Flush Door:
• Honeycomb cardboard is between the skin of the door.
• The honeycombed fiberboard provides
strength to the door.
• Light-weight door which is cheaper.
• Doesn’t insulates sound as it is thin.
• Only used as a interior door.
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17. 5. Sliding door:
• Consists of one or more panels fixed with wheels on their top or
bottom.
• Shutter slides with the help of runners and guide rails.
• Used in places where there the space for hinged door is limited.
(Eg. Shops, garage, etc.)
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19. 6. Revolving door:
• Has a center pivot which may be fixed on the top & bottom and rotates
about vertical axis.
• Provides entrance to one and exit to another person simultaneously.
• Used in places where the flow of people is frequent. (Eg. Library, bank,
etc.)
• Shutters are made of glass.
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21. 7. Collapsible door:
• Consists of channels and braces.
• Can be folded for opening and stretched for close.
• Made of light steel section.
• Provides safety, vision and ventilation to the insiders.
• Occupies less space.
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22. 8. Rolling shutter door:
• Made with the interlocking steel sheets coiled upon a drum at the top
of the opening.
• Occupies less space.
• Used for show room, stores etc.
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23. 9. Swing door:
• Swings in one or both direction.
• May have single or double shutter.
• Used in public buildings where
people are in rush.
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24. 10. Louvered Door:
• Door that has angled slats (thin piece of wood) for
admission of light and air.
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25. Types of doors
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Battened door
Paneled door Glazed door
Stile
Flush door
Rail

26. Types of doors
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Sliding door
Outside
Inside
Revolving door
Collapsible door Rolling Shutter
Swing door

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Louvered door

28. Windows and Ventilation
A window is a vented barrier that is secured in a wall opening.
Main purpose of window is to admit natural light and air and to give a
view to the outside.
If the opening is not less than 10% of the floor area, then the room is
naturally lighted.
Similarly, if the opening is not less than 5% of the floor area, then the
room is naturally ventilated.
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29. 29

30. Types of windows
Based on uses and Shutter
◦ Casement/ordinary window
◦ Louvered window.
◦ Pivoted window
◦ Corner window
◦ Gable window
◦ Dormer window
◦ Bay window
◦ Clerestory window
◦ Lantern light window
◦ Sky light window
◦ Sliding window
Based on materials use
◦ Timber
◦ Steel
◦ Aluminum
◦ PVC windows
◦ Others
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31. 31
Ordinary windows
- Hinged at one end.
- Shutter opens just like a door.
- May or may not be glazed.
- Most common type of window.

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Ordinary windows

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Bay Windows:
- Such windows project outside the external wall.
- Provides wide vision.
- Slope angle is between 30-45 degree.

34. Clerestory Windows:
- Window located above eye level.
- Also known as overstoreywindow.
- Allows light and air inside the room.
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35. Corner Windows:
- Provided at the corner of a room.
- Provided for bettervision.
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36. Dormer Windows:
- Such window is providedat the dormer end of a roof.
- Provides light and ventilation to the space below the roof.
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37. Gable Windows:
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38. Lantern Windows:
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39. Louvered Windows:
- Series of slats/louvers are kept into the grooves present in the stiles.
- Louvers slope downward so as to avoid rain.
- Provides ventilation and light.
- Used widely in bathrooms.
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40. Pivoted Windows:
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Vertical
Pivoted
Horizontal
Pivoted

41. Sliding Windows:
- Shutter moves on roller and can slide both horizontally and vertically.
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42. Skylight Windows:
- Fixed windows on the sloping roof.
- Allows light to admit evenly all over the room.
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43. Types of windows
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Corner window
Bay window

44. Types of windows
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Sky light
Gable window
Dormer window
Louvered window

45. Types of windows
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Lantern
Sliding
window

46. Process of fixing doors and windows
Wooden Door and window frames are fixed in openings at the time of wall
construction.
Holdfasts to required numbers are nailed on the frame before setting frame
to position.
Frame is carried to position and set with the help of ropes and poles.
Frame is than put to plumb (frame should be perfectly vertical).
Once the frame is set and leveled, the holdfasts are fixed in wall with
cement concrete etc.
Final checking of plumb is done, if required corrections are applied.
Shutters are finally fixed before painting works.
Aluminum and PVC frames are fixed after completing masonry work.
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47. Ventilation
•Ventilator is the narrow opening with small height
provided near the roof or floor slab in the building.
•The main purpose of the ventilator is to facilitate air
flow in the building.
•It also acts to provide natural light.
•The shape and size of the ventilator is similar to the
window sections.
•Refer chapter 1 (Ventilation) for further information.
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48. Types of ventilators
Side hung
Bottom hung
Horizontally pivoted
Vertically pivoted
Top hung
Vertically sliding
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