The document provides information on doors and windows, including their definitions, components, locations, sizes, types, and frames. It discusses various door types such as battened, ledged, framed, panelled, and flush doors. Window types include fixed, pivoted, double hung, sliding, casement, sash, louvred, and metal windows. The concluding paragraphs note the historical importance of doors and windows and modern developments in automatic and sensor-based door and window designs.

1. Doors and Windows

2. Content
Subject Page
Door Introduction 1
Location of Doors 2
Size of Doors 2
Door Frame 3
Types of Doors 4-14
Windows Introduction 15
Windows Frame 15
Design of Windows 16
Types of Windows 17-26
Conclusions 27

3. What is Door?
A door may be defined as a framework of wood, still, aluminum, glass or a combination of these
materials secured in an opening left in a wall for the for the purpose of providing access to the
users of the structures.
It basically consists of two parts:
1. Frame 2. Shutter (Leaf)
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4. Location of Doors
1. Adequate Air Circulation Opposite walls facing each other
2. Proper Space & Privacy As possible be located near the corner of the room
3. Should Meet the Functional Requirements of The Room.
4. Determine the number of doors keeping the best use of space.
Size of Doors
No Types of Building Size (mm)
1 Doors of Residential Buildings
a) External Door 1000x2000
b) Internal Door 900x2000
c) Door for W.C/Bath 800x2000
2 Door of Public Budlings 1200x2000
3 Door for Garage 2250x2250
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5. Door Frame
Timber Door Frame
Steel Door Frame
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6. M.S. Sheet Door
Types of Door
Battened & Ledged Door
Battened Ledged & Braced Door
Battened Ledged Braced & Framed
Framed and Panelled Door
Glazed or Sash Door
Flush Door
Fly-Proof Door
Revolving Door
M.S. Sheet Door
Sliding Door
Swing Door
Collapsible Steel Door
Rolling Steel Door
Rolling Grill Door
Fire Check Doors
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7. M.S. Sheet Door
Types of Door
Battened and Ledged Door
Batten
• A ledged door is formed of the vertical boards ,
known as the battens . which are secured by
horizontal supports , known as ledges .
• General Dimensions of batten are 100-150mm
width and 20-30mm thick.
• General dimension of ledges are 100-200mm
width and 25-30mm thick.
• The three ledges are generally employed- top,
middle & bottom.
• The battens are secured by means of suitable
joints & the shutter is hung on T-hinges which are
fixed on ledges.
• This is the simplest form of door & it is used
where strength & appearance are not important.
Ledge
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8. M.S. Sheet Door
Types of Door
Battened Ledged and Braced Door
• These are like the ledged doors except that the
diagonal members, known as the braces, are
provided.
• 100-150mm width and 25-30mm thickness are
preferable.
• The give rigidity to the door & hence the doors of
this type are useful for wide openings.
Battened, Ledged and Framed Doors
• A framework for shutters is provided to make the
doors stronger & better in appearance, known as
stiles.
•The stiles are generally 100 mm wide and 40 mm
thick.
•The battens, ledges and braced are provided as
usual.
•This type of door is more durable & stronger &
hence it can be adopted for external use
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9. M.S. Sheet Door
Types of Door
Glazed Doors
• In order to admit lighter, in addition to that coming
from the windows, the fully glazed or partly paneled
& partly glazed doors are used.
• Usually, the ratio of glazed portion to paneled
portion is 2:1
• The glazed or sash doors are useful for hospitals,
offices, libraries, showrooms, banks, shopping units,
etc.
Fly Proof Door
• These doors are used it is desired to allow the
free air into the room but to avoid the nuisance
of files mosquitoes, insects etc.
• These types of doors commonly used for
refreshment rooms, kitchens, storing food, sweet
shops, hotel etc.
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10. M.S. Sheet Door
Types of Door
Framed and Paneled Doors
• These are very strong and will give good
appearance when compared to battened doors.
These are the widely used doors in almost all
types of buildings.
• Stiles, vertical members and rails, horizontal
members are grooved along the inner edges of
frame to receive the panels.
• The panels are made up of timber or plywood
or A.C. sheets or glass.
• The number & size of panels depend upon the
architect's design or owner's desire. But the
number varies from one to six & panels are
moulded to add to the beauty of the door.
• These doors may be single leaf for narrow
openings and double leaf for wider openings.
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11. M.S. Sheet Door
Types of Door
Flush Doors
In flush doors, a solid or semi-solid or core portion is
covered on both sides with plywood or face veneer.
Now a days these type of doors are widely used
because of good appearance, economic, ease of
construction and greater durability. Types of Flushed
doors:
• Solid Core Type Flush Door.
• Cellular Core Flush Door.
• Hollow Core Type Flush Door.
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12. M.S. Sheet Door
Types of Door
Revolving Doors
• The revolving shutters or leaves which are four in
number are radially attached to the pivot shown in fig
• The shutters may be fully glazed, fully paneled or
partly paneled & partly glazed.
• A revolving door simultaneously provides entrance on
one side & exit on the other end.
• At the same time, it keeps the opening automatically
in closed position. when not in use.
• A revolving door is very much useful for buildings,
where there is heavy rush of foot traffic, & also for air-
conditioned buildings. Hence, they are provided in big
hotels, banks. offices, theatres, hospitals, etc.
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revolving shutters

13. M.S. Sheet Door
Types of Door
Sliding doors. Swing doors.
• This type of door is considered suitable for House,
shops, sheds, godowns, garage etc.
• The guide rails run past the opening, the door
shutter occupies a new position parallel to the
wall face and clear off the opening.
• Such doors are usually provided in the passage of
public buildings like offices, banks etc.
• The door may have single shutter or two shutters.
• The shutters are fixed with a special hinge known
as a double action spring hinge that keeps the
shutter closed when not in use.
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14. M.S. Sheet Door
Types of Door
Collapsible Steel Doors Rolling Steel Shutter Door
• These doors are extensively used for Home, shops,
garages, public buildings, godowns etc. and in
situations where width of opening is large.
• These doors are also used of increased safety and
protection of the property.
• These doors are commonly used for show
windows, shops, store front and godown claws.
• The door shutter acts like a steel curtain and
provides adequate protection and protection
against thieves and fire.
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15. M.S. Sheet Door
Types of Door
Rolling Grill Door. M.S. Sheet Door.
• Design, construction and operation If rolling grill
doors are like rolling steel doors in all recipes
except the type of shutter
• This type of door is recommended for railway
product sheds, garages, godowns, etc. where a high
level of protection and safety is required.
• The door is usually provided with two shutters.
• The door shutter is made from angle iron or channel
section frame which is fitted with angled iron
diagonal braces or M.S.
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16. M.S. Sheet Door
Types of Door
Fire Check Door
• Fire check doors are needed to control and
limit the spread of fire by opening doors to
minimize damage to surrounding property in
the event of a fire and Emergency Situations
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17. M.S. Sheet Door
A windows may be defined as an opening made in a wall for the purpose of providing day light, vision
and ventilation.
What is Windows?
The selection of size , shape , location and the number of windows to be provided in a room to be
depends upon the following considerations:
• Opening should be very 10-20%(Normal), 10-15% (Hot and Arid) and 15-20% (Hot and Humid)
• Public buildings should be 20%.
• For adequate natural light, glass panes in windows should be at least 8%
• Size of room to be lighted.
• Location of the room and its utility.
• Direction of wind and its speed.
• Climate consideration of the site.
The size and hence the number of windows can thus be worked out, once total area required for
window opening is known (Of the Floor area):
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18. M.S. Sheet Door
Design of windows
The point to be kept in view while making provision for windows in a room are:
• The size and number of windows should be sufficient to provide adequate light and ventilation in
the room.
• Windows should be located opposite to each other.
• The windowsill should be placed at 75-100 cm above the floor level. Where privacy need desired,
windows sill should be kept at 1.75 m above the floor level.
• Buildings in humid region need special attention for adequate ventilation of the room.
• The shutter of windows in external walls should be open outside.
• All external windows, especially the ones ground floor should be provided with steel grills to
safeguard against theft.
• Windows in external wall should be provided with sunshade projections to prevent the entry of
the rainwater in the room.
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19. M.S. Sheet Door
Classification of Windows
Fixed Windows
Pivoted Windows
Double Hung Windows
Sliding Windows
Casement Windows
Sash or Glazed Windows
Louvered Windows
Metal Windows
Bay Windows
Clere-Storey Window
Corner Windows
Dormer Windows
Gable Windows
Sky-Light
Fan-Light
Ventilator
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20. M.S. Sheet Door
Fixed windows: Pivoted windows:
• The glass pane or the glazed shutter is
permanently fixed.
• It is used where light, or vision alone is needed as
no ventilation is possible.
• The shutters are allowed to swing round the
pivots.
• The windows may be vertically or horizontally
pivoted.
• The windows are easy to clean, and they admit
more lights.
Classification of Windows
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21. M.S. Sheet Door
Double hung windows: Sliding windows:
• These windows consist of a pair of shutters which
can slide within the grooves provided in the
frame.
• A pair of metal weights connected by cord or
chain over pulleys is provided for each sash.
• The weights when pulled, open the shutter to the
required level. Thus, the ventilation can be
controlled & cleaning of shutters can be carried
out easily.
• It saves interiors
• It can be vertically or horizontally.
• Increased ventilation and sunshine
• Such windows are provided in buses, bank
counters, shops etc.
Classification of Windows
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22. M.S. Sheet Door
Casement windows: Sash or Glazed Window:
• Windows where shutters open like doors called
casement windows.
• The construction system is like the door.
• It consist of a frame styles , rails , vertical &
horizontal sash bars & sometimes it include
mullions & transoms.
• The window shutter consist of two vertical stiles,
top rails and a bottom rail.
• The sash bars have rebates for fixing glass panels
• The width & depth of rebates are about 15mm &
5mm, respectively.
Classification of Windows
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23. M.S. Sheet Door
Louvered Windows: Metal windows:
• They allow free passage of air when closed & at
the same time, they maintain sufficient privacy.
• The economical angle of inclination of the louvers
is 45degree angle.
• This type of window provides ventilation & light
even when ta opening is closed.
• Such windows are commonly recommended
where privacy is the main consideration.
• These are now a days widely used , especially for
public buildings.
• Windows made of metals, like mid steel,
galvanized mild steel, aluminum, bronze stainless
steel etc.
• These are recommended offices, hospitals, schools
etc.
Classification of Windows
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24. M.S. Sheet Door
Advantages of steel windows:
• Steel windows are stronger and more durable
than wooden window.
• Steel windows are not affected by the weather
• They are resistant to the dangers of termites,
fungal infections, or ants.
• They are highly fire resistant.
• They're more precisioned and quality controled.
• Steel windows provide more area for light and
ventilation than wooden windows.
• Steel windows afford greater facilities for
providing different types of openable parts.
Classification of Windows
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25. M.S. Sheet Door
Bay window Clere Story window
• A window projecting outward from the walls of a
room is termed as a bay window.
• Bay window may be Square, rectangular or
polygon in plan and it is introduced with a view to
provide an increased area of opening for
Admittance of light and ventilation.
• This type of window is used to achieve better
ventilation and cooling effect.
• Provided Near the top of the roof.
• Improving Elevation and Provide adequate natural
light.
• Shutter is horizontally pivoted, can be open or
closed by cords.
• Necessary to prevent rainwater.
Classification of Windows
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26. M.S. Sheet Door
Corner Window Dormer Window
• Essentially located in the corner of a room.
• To ensure light and ventilations from two
direction.
• Serves as an architectural features for improving
the elevation.
• It is a vertical window built in the sloping of a
pitched roof.
• This window is provided to achieve proper
Ventilation and lighting.
Classification of Windows
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27. M.S. Sheet Door
Classification of Windows
Gable Window
• The window provided in the gable end of a
pitched roof is known as gable window.
Fan Light
• The function of fan light is to ensure cross
ventilation in the room even when the door is
closed.
• Assist in providing natural light in the corridors.
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28. M.S. Sheet Door
Sky Light Ventilation
• This is a type of fixed window provided on the
sloping surface of a pitched roof, the window
being parallel to The sloping surface.
• Provided with a view to permit the room below to
be fully lighted with natural light.
• Cutting in a common rafter and need to
waterproof.
• A ventilator may be defined as a narrow window
of small height provided near the roof of a room
for Providing ventilation in the room.
Classification of Windows
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29. M.S. Sheet Door
Conclusions
Doors and windows have been used since the beginning of history, when people got the idea of
sociality, family and housing. Although at first the concept of windows was different. Slowly people
have this idea of windows, and from that beginning I see many modern door windows today. Some
of these are automatic, some of are artificial ones that open and close in human presence.
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30. M.S. Sheet Door
Thank You!