The document discusses the evolution of computers from the 1960s to the 1980s, including key innovations and models. It describes how third generation computers began using integrated circuits and semiconductor memory. Major developments included the IBM System 360 mainframe in 1964, the Intel 4004 microprocessor in 1971 which led to personal computers, and the IBM PC in 1981 which popularized the use of microcomputers. The document provides details on several important computer models from each generation.

1. A computer built with small-scale integration integrated circuits, designed after the mid-1960s. Third generation computers use semiconductor memories. The two main types of semiconductor memory are Read-Only Memory (ROM) called random-access memory (RAM). Sizes : Mainframes and Minicomputers Major Hardware Features : Integrated circuits or “chips “. Processing speed: 10,000,000 instructions per second.

2. The IBM System 360 The most significant 3 rd generation computer. A mainframe computer system family first announced by IBM on April 7, 1964, and sold between 1964 and 1978. It was the first family of computers designed to cover the complete range of applications, from small to large, both commercial and scientific. The design is considered by many to be one of the most successful computers in history, influencing computer design for years to come. The chief architect of the System 360 was Gene Amdahl, and the project was managed by Fred Brooks, responsible to Chairman Thomas J. Watson Jr.

3. Burroughs B5500 The B 5500 is a large-scale, high-speed, solid-state computer which represents a departure from the conventional computer system concept. The B5500 added hardware instructions for addition and subtraction of decimal fields. The circuitry of the B5500 was three times faster than that of the B5000, and this increase in speed, coupled with the use of disks in place of drums, made the B5500 a success for the company. One of the Burroughs B-5500 systems was used for “batch” processing of jobs, cards, tapes, printers, etc.

4. Major Hardware Features : Microprocessors or Large –Scale IC. Processing Speed: 100,000,000 instructions per second. The Intel 4004 chip, developed in 1971, took the integrated circuit one step further by locating all the components of a computer (central processing unit, memory, and input and output controls) on a minuscule chip. The reduced size, reduced cost, and increased speed of the microprocessor led to the creation of the first personal computers. Computers became more efficient and more reliable, and they could perform more and more operations. Networks became commonplace, and the whole world was connected by the Internet and by the World Wide Web.

5. Apple II One of the first highly successful mass produced microcomputer. The most important feature of the Apple II was probably its eight expansion slots. expansion slots could be for the following: memory expansion floppy disk controllers PASCAL and CP/M emulator cards parallel, serial, and SCSI cards processor accelerators video cards

6. TRS 80 TRS-80 was Tandy Corporation's desktop microcomputer model line, sold through Tandy's Radio Shack stores in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Notable features of the original TRS-80 included its full-stroke QWERTY keyboard, small size, its Floating Point BASIC programming language, an included monitor, and a starting price of $600. It used a Zilog Z80 processor at 1.77 mhz. By 1979, the TRS-80 had the largest available selection of software in the microcomputer market.

7. IBM System 370 A model range of IBM mainframes announced on June 30, 1970 as the successors to the System/360 family. Improvements over the System 360 first released in the System 370 model range included: Standard Dual-Processor capability “ Monolithic main memory” based on integrated circuits instead of magnetic cores. full support for virtual memory; and 128-bit floating point arithmetic.

8. IBM System 3090 The IBM 3090 series was launched in 1985. Faster components and improved power and cooling techniques enables the cycle time to be reduced and to increase the logical operations that could be handled per cycle. The 3090 system was available with one, two, four or six processors, each of which could have a Vector Facility.

9. IBM PC – XT Ba9sed Computers It was released as IBM product number 5160 on March 8, 1983, and came standard with a hard drive. Stands for X-tended Technology. The standard XT originally came with 128kB of memory, a 360kB double-sided 5.25" full-height floppy disk drive, a 10MB Seagate ST-412 hard drive with Xebec 1210 MFM controller, an Asynchronous Adapter (serial card with 8250 UART) and a 130W Power Supply.

10. IBM PC-AT Based Computers Was IBM's second-generation PC. Designed around the 6 MHz Intel 80286 microprocessor and released in 1984 as machine type 5170. The name AT stood for "Advanced Technology", and was chosen because the AT offered various technologies that were then new in personal computers; one such advancement was that the 80286 processor supported protected mode.

11. Motorolla 68030 Based Computers A 32-bit microprocessor in Motorola's 68000 family released in 1987. Features an on-c hip split instruction and data cache of 256 bytes each. The 68030 is used in many models of the Apple Macintosh II series of personal computers.

12. THANK YOU FOR VIEWING!!! I HOPE YOU LEARN SOMETHING IN MY PRESENTATION ABOUT COMPUTERS. CREATED BY: BRANREL M. SANTOS YR/SECTION: IV-SHAKESPEARE BRANREL M. SANTOS

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