Year 9 Botany

1. Botany
Year 9
N Gibellini

3. Student Learning Objectives

4. SLO
Describe the 8 characteristics of
Living Things
Justify whether an object is
living or non living

5. Living or Non Living?
An unidentified flying object (UFO)
lands outside your house.

6. Dead or Alive?
 When you investigate,
you see only a green
jelly-like blob that has
fallen from the
spacecraft.
 How could you tell if the
blob is living or non-
living?
 Complete Scipad page
111

8.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kctnt8WWMGA
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k3b2VCNzhZo&safe=
active

9. Living or Non Living
 All living things must:
M – Move – to get food, away from predators
R – Respire – make energy from food
S – Sense – detect changes in surroundings, know when its
night or raining
C- cells/circulation
G – Grow – get bigger
R – Reproduce – carry on species
E – Excrete – sweat, breathe out, liquid and solid wastes
N – Nutrition - feed

10. Plant or Animal
 How do we know if our
alien jelly monster is a
plant or an animal?
 Brainstorm how you
could test to see if it was
a plant or an animal.
 Complete Sci pad pages
112-115

11. Plant or Animal
Animals Plants
Are usually mobile or can
move limbs
Are fixed or floating, some
parts can move slowly
Obtain food by eating
plants or other animals
Make their own food by
photosynthesis
Have a nervous system
and brain
Have no nervous system or
brain
Have well-developed
sense organs
Have no special sense organs
Respond rapidly to
stimuli
Respond slowly to stimuli

12. Success Criteria
 List the words that go with MRS C GREN
 Describe the difference between a plant and an animal
 Cut out and glue in the pictures according to whether
they are living or non living and plant or animal
 Complete scipad pages 112-115

13. SLO
1. Develop an understanding of plant
and animal cells (including
organelles)

15. Definition of Cell
A cell is the smallest unit that is
capable of performing life
functions.

16. Discovery Of The Cell
Robert Hooke
o confirmed Leeuwenhoek’s observation
o 1st to use the word “cell”
o reminded him of the rooms in a
monastery

17. Cell Theory
 Cells are the basic units of life.
 All living things are composed of cells and cell
products.
 All cells come from other cells – new cells are
formed only by the division of pre-existing cells
 The cell contains inherited information (genes),
which are used as instructions for growth,
functioning and development.
 Cells are maintained as separate units by
membranes

19. Types of Cells
 Animal Cells
 Plant Cells

20. Animal Cell
A cell membrane
covers the whole
cell.
The nucleus
controls the
activities of a cell.
The cytoplasm is
a jelly like
substance
surrounding the
nucleus.

21. Plant Cell
 Has a cell wall made
of cellulose
 A cell membrane
covers the whole cell.
 Has a large vacuole
filled with cell sap
 Has chloroplasts
containing a green
substance called
chlorophyll.

22. Organelles
Structure Function Plant Animal Diagram
Cell Wall
Cell
Membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Vacuole

23. Organelles
Structure Function Plant Animal
Cell Wall Structure and protection Yes No
Cell
Membrane
Allows entry and exit of materials Yes Yes
Cytoplasm Contains chemicals for cell
processes
Yes Yes
Nucleus Controls cell functioning Yes Yes
Vacuole Temporary storage facility Yes (large) Yes
(small)
Chloroplasts Location of photosynthesis Yes No

24. Examples of Cells
Amoeba Proteus
Plant Stem
Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell
Bacteria

25. Success Criteria
1. Complete pages 116-117 Sci pad
2. Are cellulose walls found in animal or plant cells? What is the
purpose of a cellulose wall?
3. Which part of a plant cell contains chlorophyll?
4. Which cells have a vacuole filled with sap?
5. Give two ways in which plant and animal cells are different.
6. Copy and label the diagrams below:

26. Success Criteria
1. Are cellulose walls found in animal or plant cells? What is the
purpose of a cellulose wall?
Plant, maintains structure and for protection
1. Which part of a plant cell contains chlorophyll?
Chloroplasts
1. Which cells have a vacuole filled with sap?
Plants
1. Give two ways in which plant and animal cells are different.
Plant is rectangle shape, animal shape is irregular, plant cell has a cell wall
and chloroplasts and animal does not

27. A – plant cell
B – cell wall
C – cell membrane
D – nucleus
E – vacuole
F – cytoplasm
G – Animal Cell
H – cell membrane
I – vacuole
J – nucleus
K - cytoplasm

28. SLO
2. Use a microscope and use
its basic features (make a
wet mount)

32. Using a Microscope
1.Place slide on stage
2.Adjust mirror to have maximum
light
3.Turn coarse focus wheel all the way
so it is close to the stage
4.Look into eyepiece and focus using
coarse focus

33. Making a Slide
1.Collect slide, coverslip, stain, specimen
2.Specimen onto slide, flat, no folds, small
3.1 drop of stain
4.Lower cover slip from an angle
5.Wipe off excess stain

35. Drawing in Science
 2 D
 No sketching
 Pencil
 Label in pen and horizontal
 Title
 No shading
 Magnification (eyepiece X objective lens)
 Large (at least 5 lines)
 Use your imagination – interpret what you
see

36. Task
1.Complete Sci pad pages 118-121
2.Use microscope to view and draw a
cheek and plant cells
Remember to give your pencil
diagram a; title, magnification, labels
nucleus
Cell
membrane
cytoplasm

37. Success Criteria
1.A microscope has a x10 objective lens
and a x4 eyepiece lens. How big would
an object that is 0.07mm in diameter
appear through the microscope?
3. Describe the steps involved in making
a slide

38. SLO
Name the major parts of
a plant and describe their
function

40.  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3QjSD2AF5mg

42. Function of Plant Parts
Plant Part Function
Flower
Stem
Roots
Leaves
Root Hairs
Seeds
Fruit

43. Function of Plant Parts
Plant Part Function
Flower Reproduction
Stem Hold plant up and transport
Roots Anchorage, get water
Leaves Photosynthesis
Root Hairs Absorb water and nutrients by
increasing surface area
Seed Growth of new plant
Fruit Contains seed

44. Wheat seed
Root hairs
Fragile parts of
cells that grow
from the main root
They massively
increase the
surface area for
absorption

45. Root hair cells (x150)

46. Leaf Blade

47. Task
Complete page 122-123 of Sci pad

48. SLO
Gather information through
experiments and research

50. Aim: What are the requirements for germination of a seed?
Hypothesis: Seeds need ____________________in order to germinate
Equipment: 2 x petri dishes, filter paper, 20 x cress seeds, measuring
cylinder, soil, black paper, fridge
Method:
Independent Variable:
Wet/dry hot/cold/warm light/dark CO2/no CO2
soil/cotton wool
Dependent Variable:
Number of seeds germinated after 5 days
Controlled Variables:
Number of seeds, location, light, container they are in, temperature
Germination

51. Method:
Step 1:
Step 2:
Step 3:

52. Results:
Graph: Germinating Seeds
Number seeds
Germinated
Cold Warm Hot
Condition Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average
(Germinated)
1
2

53. Conclusion:
In order for seeds to germinate they need
_________. This is because . . . The
hypothesis was correct/incorrect.
Evaluation:
The experiment was accurate because . . .
The experiment was reliable because …
In order to improve the experiment . . .

54. Germination  Germination is the
growth of a plant from
a seed
 Germination requires:
 Water
 Warmth
 Oxygen
Complete Scipad pages
142-143

55. SLO
Develop and understanding of
the process of photosynthesis

56. Inside the Leaf
25/01/2015

57. Function of Leaf Parts
25/01/2015
Leaf Part Function
Cuticle
Epidermis
Palisade layer
Spongy
Mesophyll
Layer
Guard Cells
Stomata

58. Function of Leaf Parts
25/01/2015
Leaf Part Function
Cuticle Reduce evaporation
Epidermis Protect underlying cells
Palisade layer Photosynthesis
Spongy Mesophyll
Layer
Gas Exchange
Guard Cells Open and close stomata
Stomata Reduce water loss

59. Stoma is a small hole
Its size is controlled by 2 guard cells
closed open

60. Stoma function is for gas
exchange in the leaf
Carbon
dioxide
oxygenGuard
cell
Provided plant is
photosynthesising

61. Tasks
Complete leaf cube
Complete scipad page 128
Make a cross section of a leaf and
view and draw it under the
microscope. Label as many sections
as you can

62. 25/01/2015

64. Photosynthesis

65. 25/01/2015
Photosynthesis happens in the
“palisade” cells in the leaf:
Source: BBC Bitesize
Palisade
cells

66. Starch Test

68. Success Criteria
http://www.neok12.com/diagram/P
hotosynthesis-01.htm
Complete Sci pad pages Complete
Sci pad pages 124-127, 129
List the requirements for
photosynthesis
List the products of photosynthesis
What factors affect the rate of
photosynthesis?

69. Success Criteria
List the requirements for photosynthesis
Water, carbon dioxide, light, chlorophyll
List the products of photosynthesis
Oxygen, glucose – stored as starch
What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?
More light, more carbon dioxide, more water,
more chlorophyll

70. SLO
Explain how plants move water from
their roots to their leaves
(transpiration, osmosis)

72. Transpiration
Plants absorb water
through their roots via
osmosis
Water is sucked up the
stem via capillary action
Water evaporates out of
the stomata in the leaves
cooling the plant down

73. Stomata
Found in lower epidermis
Stoma – hole
Guard cells – outside
Guard cells are full of
water the stomata is
open, and water can
escape and gases can go
in and out of leaf
Guard cells are flaccid (no
water in them) water and
gases cannot move in
and out

74. Success Criteria
 Complete Scipad page 130 – Transport in
Plants

75. SLO
Describe the major parts of
flowers and their function

76. Plant Terms:
Term Definition
Pollination Transfer of Pollen from anther
to stigma
Fertilization Joining of male and female sex
cells
Germination Growth from a seed to a plant
Ovulation Releasing of an egg

78. Life Cycle of a Plant
This consists of 5 stages.
Pretty Flowers For
Dis Girl.
(a) Pollination
(b) Fertilisation
(c) Fruit & Seed
Development
(d) Dispersal of Fruit & Seed
(e) Germination.

80. Flower Parts

82. Parts of a Flower
Structure Function
Flowers Attract pollinators
Sepal Protect flower
Anther Makes pollen
Stigma Sticky and collects pollen
Style Holds up stigma and provides
pathway to ovules
Filament Holds anthers up high

83. Flower Dissection

84. Flower Dissection
Flowers are organ systems which contain the male and
female reproductive organs of plants.
1 Look carefully at your flower. What plant is it from?
2 What are reproductive organs used for?
3 How many petals are there on your flower?
4 What colour are the petals?

85. Using tweezers, carefully take off the petals from one side of the
flower so that you can see the male and female reproductive organs.
5 Draw your flower and label the parts.
6 How many stamens are there in the flower?
7 a Which part of the flower is the male reproductive organ?
b What is the name of the sex cells that are produced here?
c In which part are these sex cells found?
8 a Which part of the flower is the female reproductive organ?
b What is the name of the sex cells that are produced here?
c What is the name of the containers that each sex cell is found in?
d In which part are these containers found?

86. Success Criteria
List the male parts of a flower
List the female parts of a flower
What is the function of the petals
and sepals?
Complete Scipad pages 131-136
Make a labelled model of a flower

87. SLO
Describe the process of
pollination by various means

88. Pollination
Pollination is the transfer of
pollen from the anther to the
stigma
Asexual – self pollination
Sexual/ Cross – two plants

90. Methods of Pollination
Animal
Insects
Bats
Birds
Large colourful flowers
nectar
Wind
Dull, long, feathery flowers
Lots of pollen

91. Success Criteria
In your own words describe
four differences between wind
pollinated and animal pollinated
flowers
Complete Scipad pages 137-
138

92. SLO
List some of the methods
that seeds are dispersed
Label the parts of a seed
and describe their function

93. Fertilization
 Pollen grows a pollen tube
 Genetic material moves down into the
ovaries and fuses with the ovule
 This forms a seed
 Complete Scipad page 139

95. Seeds

96. Seed Dispersal
Fertilization occurs when the pollen grain
and egg fuse to form a zygote (seed)
Seeds need to be dispersed away from the
parent plant to avoid competition for:
Water
Light
Nutrients
Space

100. Seed Dispersal
Wind:
- Helicopters
- Parachutes
- Light
- Feathery
- Bland in colour
Animal:
- Hooks to catch
onto fur
- Nuts for storage
- Fruit to eat
Self Dispersal:
- explosions

101. Success Criteria
 Collect an example of each type of seed dispersal and
make a labelled poster.
 Describe the difference between pollination, fertilization
and seed dispersal
 Describe the difference between wind and animal
dispersed seeds
 Complete Scipad pages 140-141