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Botany
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- 4. SLO Describe the 8characteristics of Living Things Justify whether an object is living or non living
- 5. Living or NonLiving? An unidentified flying object (UFO) lands outside your house.
- 6. Dead or Alive? When you investigate, you see only a green jelly-like blob that has fallen from the spacecraft. How could you tell if the blob is living or non- living? Complete Scipad page 111
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- 9. Living or NonLiving All living things must: M – Move – to get food, away from predators R – Respire – make energy from food S – Sense – detect changes in surroundings, know when its night or raining C- cells/circulation G – Grow – get bigger R – Reproduce – carry on species E – Excrete – sweat, breathe out, liquid and solid wastes N – Nutrition - feed
- 10. Plant or Animal How do we know if our alien jelly monster is a plant or an animal? Brainstorm how you could test to see if it was a plant or an animal. Complete Sci pad pages 112-115
- 11. Plant or Animal AnimalsPlants Are usually mobile or can move limbs Are fixed or floating, some parts can move slowly Obtain food by eating plants or other animals Make their own food by photosynthesis Have a nervous system and brain Have no nervous system or brain Have well-developed sense organs Have no special sense organs Respond rapidly to stimuli Respond slowly to stimuli
- 12. Success Criteria Listthe words that go with MRS C GREN Describe the difference between a plant and an animal Cut out and glue in the pictures according to whether they are living or non living and plant or animal Complete scipad pages 112-115
- 13. SLO 1. Develop anunderstanding of plant and animal cells (including organelles)
- 15. Definition of Cell Acell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.
- 16. Discovery Of TheCell Robert Hooke o confirmed Leeuwenhoek’s observation o 1st to use the word “cell” o reminded him of the rooms in a monastery
- 17. Cell Theory Cellsare the basic units of life. All living things are composed of cells and cell products. All cells come from other cells – new cells are formed only by the division of pre-existing cells The cell contains inherited information (genes), which are used as instructions for growth, functioning and development. Cells are maintained as separate units by membranes
- 19. Types of Cells Animal Cells Plant Cells
- 20. Animal Cell A cellmembrane covers the whole cell. The nucleus controls the activities of a cell. The cytoplasm is a jelly like substance surrounding the nucleus.
- 21. Plant Cell Hasa cell wall made of cellulose A cell membrane covers the whole cell. Has a large vacuole filled with cell sap Has chloroplasts containing a green substance called chlorophyll.
- 22. Organelles Structure Function PlantAnimal Diagram Cell Wall Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Vacuole
- 23. Organelles Structure Function PlantAnimal Cell Wall Structure and protection Yes No Cell Membrane Allows entry and exit of materials Yes Yes Cytoplasm Contains chemicals for cell processes Yes Yes Nucleus Controls cell functioning Yes Yes Vacuole Temporary storage facility Yes (large) Yes (small) Chloroplasts Location of photosynthesis Yes No
- 24. Examples of Cells AmoebaProteus Plant Stem Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell Bacteria
- 25. Success Criteria 1. Completepages 116-117 Sci pad 2. Are cellulose walls found in animal or plant cells? What is the purpose of a cellulose wall? 3. Which part of a plant cell contains chlorophyll? 4. Which cells have a vacuole filled with sap? 5. Give two ways in which plant and animal cells are different. 6. Copy and label the diagrams below:
- 26. Success Criteria 1. Arecellulose walls found in animal or plant cells? What is the purpose of a cellulose wall? Plant, maintains structure and for protection 1. Which part of a plant cell contains chlorophyll? Chloroplasts 1. Which cells have a vacuole filled with sap? Plants 1. Give two ways in which plant and animal cells are different. Plant is rectangle shape, animal shape is irregular, plant cell has a cell wall and chloroplasts and animal does not
- 27. A – plantcell B – cell wall C – cell membrane D – nucleus E – vacuole F – cytoplasm G – Animal Cell H – cell membrane I – vacuole J – nucleus K - cytoplasm
- 28. SLO 2. Use amicroscope and use its basic features (make a wet mount)
- 32. Using a Microscope 1.Placeslide on stage 2.Adjust mirror to have maximum light 3.Turn coarse focus wheel all the way so it is close to the stage 4.Look into eyepiece and focus using coarse focus
- 33. Making a Slide 1.Collectslide, coverslip, stain, specimen 2.Specimen onto slide, flat, no folds, small 3.1 drop of stain 4.Lower cover slip from an angle 5.Wipe off excess stain
- 35. Drawing in Science 2 D No sketching Pencil Label in pen and horizontal Title No shading Magnification (eyepiece X objective lens) Large (at least 5 lines) Use your imagination – interpret what you see
- 36. Task 1.Complete Sci padpages 118-121 2.Use microscope to view and draw a cheek and plant cells Remember to give your pencil diagram a; title, magnification, labels nucleus Cell membrane cytoplasm
- 37. Success Criteria 1.A microscopehas a x10 objective lens and a x4 eyepiece lens. How big would an object that is 0.07mm in diameter appear through the microscope? 3. Describe the steps involved in making a slide
- 38. SLO Name the majorparts of a plant and describe their function
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- 42. Function of PlantParts Plant Part Function Flower Stem Roots Leaves Root Hairs Seeds Fruit
- 43. Function of PlantParts Plant Part Function Flower Reproduction Stem Hold plant up and transport Roots Anchorage, get water Leaves Photosynthesis Root Hairs Absorb water and nutrients by increasing surface area Seed Growth of new plant Fruit Contains seed
- 44. Wheat seed Root hairs Fragileparts of cells that grow from the main root They massively increase the surface area for absorption
- 45. Root hair cells(x150)
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- 47. Task Complete page 122-123of Sci pad
- 48. SLO Gather information through experimentsand research
- 50. Aim: What arethe requirements for germination of a seed? Hypothesis: Seeds need ____________________in order to germinate Equipment: 2 x petri dishes, filter paper, 20 x cress seeds, measuring cylinder, soil, black paper, fridge Method: Independent Variable: Wet/dry hot/cold/warm light/dark CO2/no CO2 soil/cotton wool Dependent Variable: Number of seeds germinated after 5 days Controlled Variables: Number of seeds, location, light, container they are in, temperature Germination
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- 52. Results: Graph: Germinating Seeds Numberseeds Germinated Cold Warm Hot Condition Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average (Germinated) 1 2
- 53. Conclusion: In order forseeds to germinate they need _________. This is because . . . The hypothesis was correct/incorrect. Evaluation: The experiment was accurate because . . . The experiment was reliable because … In order to improve the experiment . . .
- 54. Germination Germinationis the growth of a plant from a seed Germination requires: Water Warmth Oxygen Complete Scipad pages 142-143
- 55. SLO Develop and understandingof the process of photosynthesis
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- 57. Function of LeafParts 25/01/2015 Leaf Part Function Cuticle Epidermis Palisade layer Spongy Mesophyll Layer Guard Cells Stomata
- 58. Function of LeafParts 25/01/2015 Leaf Part Function Cuticle Reduce evaporation Epidermis Protect underlying cells Palisade layer Photosynthesis Spongy Mesophyll Layer Gas Exchange Guard Cells Open and close stomata Stomata Reduce water loss
- 59. Stoma is asmall hole Its size is controlled by 2 guard cells closed open
- 60. Stoma function isfor gas exchange in the leaf Carbon dioxide oxygenGuard cell Provided plant is photosynthesising
- 61. Tasks Complete leaf cube Completescipad page 128 Make a cross section of a leaf and view and draw it under the microscope. Label as many sections as you can
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- 65. 25/01/2015 Photosynthesis happens inthe “palisade” cells in the leaf: Source: BBC Bitesize Palisade cells
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- 68. Success Criteria http://www.neok12.com/diagram/P hotosynthesis-01.htm Complete Scipad pages Complete Sci pad pages 124-127, 129 List the requirements for photosynthesis List the products of photosynthesis What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?
- 69. Success Criteria List therequirements for photosynthesis Water, carbon dioxide, light, chlorophyll List the products of photosynthesis Oxygen, glucose – stored as starch What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis? More light, more carbon dioxide, more water, more chlorophyll
- 70. SLO Explain how plantsmove water from their roots to their leaves (transpiration, osmosis)
- 72. Transpiration Plants absorb water throughtheir roots via osmosis Water is sucked up the stem via capillary action Water evaporates out of the stomata in the leaves cooling the plant down
- 73. Stomata Found in lowerepidermis Stoma – hole Guard cells – outside Guard cells are full of water the stomata is open, and water can escape and gases can go in and out of leaf Guard cells are flaccid (no water in them) water and gases cannot move in and out
- 74. Success Criteria CompleteScipad page 130 – Transport in Plants
- 75. SLO Describe the majorparts of flowers and their function
- 76. Plant Terms: Term Definition PollinationTransfer of Pollen from anther to stigma Fertilization Joining of male and female sex cells Germination Growth from a seed to a plant Ovulation Releasing of an egg
- 78. Life Cycle ofa Plant This consists of 5 stages. Pretty Flowers For Dis Girl. (a) Pollination (b) Fertilisation (c) Fruit & Seed Development (d) Dispersal of Fruit & Seed (e) Germination.
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- 82. Parts of aFlower Structure Function Flowers Attract pollinators Sepal Protect flower Anther Makes pollen Stigma Sticky and collects pollen Style Holds up stigma and provides pathway to ovules Filament Holds anthers up high
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- 84. Flower Dissection Flowers areorgan systems which contain the male and female reproductive organs of plants. 1 Look carefully at your flower. What plant is it from? 2 What are reproductive organs used for? 3 How many petals are there on your flower? 4 What colour are the petals?
- 85. Using tweezers, carefullytake off the petals from one side of the flower so that you can see the male and female reproductive organs. 5 Draw your flower and label the parts. 6 How many stamens are there in the flower? 7 a Which part of the flower is the male reproductive organ? b What is the name of the sex cells that are produced here? c In which part are these sex cells found? 8 a Which part of the flower is the female reproductive organ? b What is the name of the sex cells that are produced here? c What is the name of the containers that each sex cell is found in? d In which part are these containers found?
- 86. Success Criteria List themale parts of a flower List the female parts of a flower What is the function of the petals and sepals? Complete Scipad pages 131-136 Make a labelled model of a flower
- 87. SLO Describe the processof pollination by various means
- 88. Pollination Pollination is thetransfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma Asexual – self pollination Sexual/ Cross – two plants
- 90. Methods of Pollination Animal Insects Bats Birds Largecolourful flowers nectar Wind Dull, long, feathery flowers Lots of pollen
- 91. Success Criteria In yourown words describe four differences between wind pollinated and animal pollinated flowers Complete Scipad pages 137- 138
- 92. SLO List some ofthe methods that seeds are dispersed Label the parts of a seed and describe their function
- 93. Fertilization Pollen growsa pollen tube Genetic material moves down into the ovaries and fuses with the ovule This forms a seed Complete Scipad page 139
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- 96. Seed Dispersal Fertilization occurswhen the pollen grain and egg fuse to form a zygote (seed) Seeds need to be dispersed away from the parent plant to avoid competition for: Water Light Nutrients Space
- 100. Seed Dispersal Wind: - Helicopters -Parachutes - Light - Feathery - Bland in colour Animal: - Hooks to catch onto fur - Nuts for storage - Fruit to eat Self Dispersal: - explosions
- 101. Success Criteria Collectan example of each type of seed dispersal and make a labelled poster. Describe the difference between pollination, fertilization and seed dispersal Describe the difference between wind and animal dispersed seeds Complete Scipad pages 140-141