This document summarizes information about Bordetella pertussis, the bacteria that causes whooping cough. It describes the characteristics of B. pertussis, including its gram-negative coccobacillary morphology, capsule presence, culture characteristics as an obligate aerobe that grows on Bordet-Gengou agar. It also discusses the bvg locus that controls virulence factors, antigenic structures like pertussis toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin, and the pathogenesis of whooping cough. Clinical findings include catarrhal and paroxysmal cough stages. Diagnostic tests and treatment with erythromycin are also summarized.

1. BORDETELLAE PERTUSSIS
BY
ASLAM MATANIA
FACULTY OF MEDICINE
GROUP-3

2. B. pertussis
B. parapertussis
B. bronchosepticus
B. pertussis
B. parapertussis
B. bronchosepticus
Bordetella species of
clinical importance
Bordetella species of
clinical importance

3. BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS
Minute Gram negative
coccobacilli
With toluidine blue stain
bipolar metachromatic
granules can be seen
Capsule is present

4. Culture characterstics
Obligate Aerobe.Fastidious.
Complex medium.
• “Bordet – Gengou –
– Potato Blood glycerol
Agar” that contain pencillin G
• charcoal agar with 10 % blood
• The plates are incubated at 35–37°C for 3–7 days
aerobically in a moist environment
• Small faintly staining g- identified.B .pertussis is
non motile

5. Growth Characteristics
• strict aerobe
• it is oxidase and catalase positive
• but nitrate, citrate, and urea negative
• The results of which are useful for
differentiating among the other species
of bordetellae
• It does not require X and V factors
on subculture

6. The bvg locus
Controls expression of virulence
factors
Encodes BvgA, BvgS
bvgS responds to environmental signals, and
bvgA is a transcriptional activator of the
virulence genes

7. Antigenic Structure
• 1.Filamentous haemaggutinin:
• Present on bacillary surface.
• Facilitates adhesion of bacilli to ciliated columnar
epithelium of respiratory tract.
• Promotes secondary infection

8. • 2. Pertussis toxin:
• Pertussis toxin is expressed on the
surface, secreted into the surrounding
medium
• Posses Biochemical and Biological activity
of producing lymphocytosis producing
factor causes Lymphocytosis
• Acts as Histamine sensitizing factor
• inhibits G protein coupling that
regulates an adenylate cyclase-mediated
conversion of ATP to cyclic AMP

9. 3. Invasive Adenylate cyclase:
• Responsible for hemolysis on blood agar.
• Activated by bvg system
4. Lethal toxin: Inflammation & Necrosis.
5. Tracheal cytotoxin:
• Not regulated by bvg
• Inhibit DNA synthesis in ciliary muscles
and cause paralysis of ciliary esclator

10. Pathogenesis:
• An acute, highly contagious respiratory pediatric
disease. Source is patient in early stage Droplets,
contaminated fomites. Incubation period is
1 – 2 weeks.
Onset is insidious.

11. • The organism adheres to and multiplies
rapidly on the epithelial surface of the
trachea and bronchi and interferes
with ciliary action.
• The blood is not invaded.
• The bacteria liberate the toxins and
substances that irritate surface cells,
causing coughing and marked
lymphocytosis.
• Later, there may be necrosis of parts
of the epithelium
• This causing whooping cough in children

12. Clinical Findings
• 1. catarrhal stage -mild coughing and“ ”
sneezing and large number of droplets
are release and infectious
• 2. paroxysmal stage cough develops” –
its explosive character
• This leads to rapid exhaustion and may
be associated with vomiting, cyanosis,
and convulsions.
• WBC count is high

13. Diagnostic Laboratory
Tests
• A) Specimens-A saline nasal wash is the
preferred specimen.
• Cough plate method
• B. Direct Fluorescent Antibody Test-The
fluorescent antibody (FA) reagent can be used to
examine nasopharyngeal swab specimens
• C. Culture
• D. Polymerase Chain Reaction
• E. Serology

14. Treatment
• Erythromycin for 14
– days.
• Cough suppressants.
• Corticosteroids.
• Vaccination is there for
Prevention of disease