This document provides information and forms for applying to take Arkansas's boiler operator license examination. It details that applicants must complete a proof of experience questionnaire, application form, and pay a $25 fee. It provides the address to submit these materials or schedule an exam. The memorandum also lists qualifications like needing 6 months of on-the-job training under a licensed operator before taking the exam. Sample exam questions cover important boiler components, controls, and safety devices. The back of the guide includes an application to be completed and signed verifying an applicant's training.
This document provides an overview of a thermal power plant. It begins by classifying power plants by their fuel sources and prime movers. It then introduces thermal power plants, explaining that they convert the heat energy of coal into electrical energy using a boiler to produce steam that drives a turbine connected to a generator. The document outlines the typical layout and main equipment of a thermal power plant, including coal handling, the boiler, turbine, condenser, and other auxiliary systems. It discusses advantages and limitations of thermal plants and considerations for site selection. Finally, it provides details on several major thermal power plants located in Rajasthan, India.
Best ppt on thermal power station workingRonak Thakare
The document provides an overview of thermal power generation and the key components involved. It discusses how chemical energy from fuel is converted through various processes into electrical energy. The main components that enable this conversion are the boiler, turbine, and generator. Steam generated in the boiler powers the turbine, which spins the generator's rotor to produce electricity via electromagnetic induction. The turbine has high, intermediate, and low pressure sections to efficiently extract energy from the steam.
1. The document discusses jet propulsion and compressor design, focusing on different types of turbines, compressors, and propulsion systems like propellers, rockets, turbojets, and scramjets.
2. It analyzes the advantages of propellers over rockets for aircraft propulsion in terms of efficiency and fuel requirements.
3. The importance of compressors and turbines in enabling modern high-speed flight is discussed, with examples given of how these technologies allowed the development of planes like the Blackbird that could reach supersonic speeds.
Thermal Power Plant Boiler Efficiency ImprovementAnkur Gaikwad
Boiler is one of the central equipment used in power generation & chemical process industries. Consequently, improving boiler efficiency is instrumental in bringing down costs substantially with a few simple measures. Some of these measures are discussed in this presentation
1) Conductivity measurements are useful for monitoring water quality in power plants, raw water treatment plants, and district heating systems.
2) Key applications include monitoring for cooling water leaks, controlling chemical dosing and water purification systems, and detecting impurities.
3) Proper temperature compensation is important for accurate conductivity readings, especially at very low conductivity levels close to that of ultra pure water.
Raw water coming from different sources contains dissolved salts and un-dissolved or suspended impurities. It is necessary to remove harmful salts dissolved into the water before feeding it to the boiler.
DM Plant is an ion exchange technology that uses two connected vessels containing cation and anion exchange resins to remove salts from water. The first vessel contains a strongly acidic cation exchange resin that converts positive salt ions to acids, which are then absorbed by a strongly basic anion exchange resin in the second vessel. Mixed bed deionizers can further purify the water by using both resin types together.
Thermal power plants generate the majority of power in India, accounting for around 75% of total installed capacity. They work by burning fossil fuels like coal, natural gas, or oil in a furnace to create steam that drives turbines connected to generators. While coal fired plants are most common, natural gas fired combined-cycle plants are more environmentally friendly with lower emissions. Thermal power generation produces air and water pollution that must be mitigated.
This document provides an overview of a thermal power plant. It begins by classifying power plants by their fuel sources and prime movers. It then introduces thermal power plants, explaining that they convert the heat energy of coal into electrical energy using a boiler to produce steam that drives a turbine connected to a generator. The document outlines the typical layout and main equipment of a thermal power plant, including coal handling, the boiler, turbine, condenser, and other auxiliary systems. It discusses advantages and limitations of thermal plants and considerations for site selection. Finally, it provides details on several major thermal power plants located in Rajasthan, India.
Best ppt on thermal power station workingRonak Thakare
The document provides an overview of thermal power generation and the key components involved. It discusses how chemical energy from fuel is converted through various processes into electrical energy. The main components that enable this conversion are the boiler, turbine, and generator. Steam generated in the boiler powers the turbine, which spins the generator's rotor to produce electricity via electromagnetic induction. The turbine has high, intermediate, and low pressure sections to efficiently extract energy from the steam.
1. The document discusses jet propulsion and compressor design, focusing on different types of turbines, compressors, and propulsion systems like propellers, rockets, turbojets, and scramjets.
2. It analyzes the advantages of propellers over rockets for aircraft propulsion in terms of efficiency and fuel requirements.
3. The importance of compressors and turbines in enabling modern high-speed flight is discussed, with examples given of how these technologies allowed the development of planes like the Blackbird that could reach supersonic speeds.
Thermal Power Plant Boiler Efficiency ImprovementAnkur Gaikwad
Boiler is one of the central equipment used in power generation & chemical process industries. Consequently, improving boiler efficiency is instrumental in bringing down costs substantially with a few simple measures. Some of these measures are discussed in this presentation
1) Conductivity measurements are useful for monitoring water quality in power plants, raw water treatment plants, and district heating systems.
2) Key applications include monitoring for cooling water leaks, controlling chemical dosing and water purification systems, and detecting impurities.
3) Proper temperature compensation is important for accurate conductivity readings, especially at very low conductivity levels close to that of ultra pure water.
Raw water coming from different sources contains dissolved salts and un-dissolved or suspended impurities. It is necessary to remove harmful salts dissolved into the water before feeding it to the boiler.
DM Plant is an ion exchange technology that uses two connected vessels containing cation and anion exchange resins to remove salts from water. The first vessel contains a strongly acidic cation exchange resin that converts positive salt ions to acids, which are then absorbed by a strongly basic anion exchange resin in the second vessel. Mixed bed deionizers can further purify the water by using both resin types together.
Thermal power plants generate the majority of power in India, accounting for around 75% of total installed capacity. They work by burning fossil fuels like coal, natural gas, or oil in a furnace to create steam that drives turbines connected to generators. While coal fired plants are most common, natural gas fired combined-cycle plants are more environmentally friendly with lower emissions. Thermal power generation produces air and water pollution that must be mitigated.
with this ppt you will learn about what is thermal power plant and construction and working of thermal power plant and also the advantages and disadvantages.
The document provides details about a main project report submitted by four students for their Bachelor of Technology degree. It discusses studying various systems in a 500MW thermal power plant. The report includes chapters on the coal handling plant, ash handling plant, electrostatic precipitator, boiler, steam turbine, generator, condenser and cooling towers, water treatment plant, transformers, switchyard, and the start up procedure for Dr. NTTPS Stage-4 plant. The objective of the project is to study the operation, maintenance and protection of power transformers used in Stage-IV of Dr. NTTPS thermal power plant.
Panipat thermal power station training pptMohit Verma
This training report summarizes the Panipat Thermal Power Station, which has a total generation capacity of 1360MW constructed in 5 stages from 110MW units to 250MW units. It describes the basic process of electricity generation including coal feeding, pulverization, combustion in the boiler, steam generation, superheating, steam turbine generation, and condensing. It provides details on the key elements of the plant including the deaerator, boiler feed pump, economizer, air preheater, boiler, superheater, turbine, and condenser. It also summarizes the instrumentation used for temperature, pressure, and process control.
This document provides an overview of the heavy water plant located in Kota, India. It discusses that the plant uses the gridler sulphide process to produce heavy water, also known as deuterium oxide. The plant was commissioned in 1982 with a capacity to produce 85 metric tonnes annually. It then discusses the applications of heavy water, primarily its use as a neutron moderator in certain nuclear reactors. The document also covers the various classifications of power supply at the plant from most to least reliable. It concludes with descriptions of some key electrical equipment found in the plant's switchyard, including power transformers, circuit breakers, and lightning arrestors.
The document discusses the instrumentation scheme of a thermal power plant. It describes the various subsystems of a thermal power plant and the key variables that need to be measured like pressure, temperature, flow, etc. It explains the different measurement techniques used for variables like pressure (bourdon tubes, diaphragms), temperature (thermocouples, RTDs), flow (orifice plates, venturi meters), and analysis of water, steam and flue gases. The document provides details on the typical measurement points in a power plant and number of instruments used.
POWER PLANT CHEMISTRY( WATER TREATMENT FOR BOILERS)Dilip Kumar
This document discusses the treatment of water for high pressure boilers and steam-water quality parameters. It describes the various processes involved - intake of raw water from rivers, aeration, addition of chemicals for coagulation and disinfection, clarification, filtration, and demineralization. It then discusses water treatment for boilers, including dosing of chemicals to prevent corrosion. Various sampling points and parameters for treated water and steam are listed. Finally, it briefly covers generator chemistry, including cooling of stator and rotor, hydrogen purity requirements, and primary water system treatment.
Super Critical Technology-Fundamental Concepts about Super Critical Technolog...Raghab Gorain
Nicely describe everything about super critical technology in thermal power plant.This slide is very useful for the freshers.Anybody can get the basic fundamental idea about super critical technology from this slide. In India now we have to think some new technology for power sources as sub critical power plants are less efficient and emit more pollutant to the environment and the alternative is the 'Super Critical Power Plant'.
This document provides information on the water treatment and electrical systems for the balance of plant for a 2x500MW thermal power project. It discusses the water requirements and sources, various water treatment processes, desalination processes, and electrical and control systems. The key points are: fresh water is a critical input for thermal power plants but availability is limited, so water conservation and reuse methods are discussed. Membrane and thermal desalination processes are described to supplement fresh water sources. Electrical systems including transformers, switchgear, cables, and control and instrumentation are outlined.
The document describes the key elements of a hydraulic power plant. It discusses how water is captured from catchment areas and stored in reservoirs behind dams. The potential energy of the stored water is increased by the height of the dam. Water then flows through penstocks and turbines, converting the hydraulic energy to mechanical energy that spins generators to produce electricity. Key components include the dam, reservoir, penstocks, surge tanks, turbines, generators, and powerhouse. The document also notes advantages like low operating costs and disadvantages like high initial costs and dependence on natural water flows.
This presentation summarizes key aspects of hydroelectric power plants. It introduces hydroelectricity as a renewable energy source that converts the kinetic energy of flowing water into electricity. It then discusses applications of hydroelectric power, providing examples of how hydroelectric plants can supply base load and peak load power. The document proceeds to describe the Kaptai hydroelectric power plant in Bangladesh as a case study, detailing its dam, reservoir, and power generation capacity. It concludes by outlining the essential components and schematic arrangement of typical hydroelectric power stations.
Lecture 01_PPE_unit 1_Introduction to Power Plant EngineeringRushikesh Sonar
Program: Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (Semester: 5)
Course: Power Plant Engineering
(Lecture 01) Unit 1: Introduction to Power Plant Engineering
1.1 World and National scenario of demand and supply of energy.
1.2 Introduction to power plants : their importance and types.
Presented by : Prof. Rushikesh Sonar, Sandip Polytechnic, Nashik
The difference between sbr, mbr and mbbr-sewage treatment plantsCleantechwater_19
The document discusses and compares three different types of sewage treatment plants: SBR, MBR, and MBBR. It defines each type of plant, noting that SBR uses a sequencing batch reactor process, MBR uses a membrane bioreactor process, and MBBR uses a moving bed biofilm reactor process. The document also mentions that MBR and MBBR both use membrane and biological processes. It states that SBR plants have a smaller footprint and are easier to operate than MBR or MBBR plants, which have less turbidity and produce less water sludge.
This document provides information on cooling towers, including types, components, performance parameters for assessment, and opportunities for improved energy efficiency. It discusses the main types of cooling towers as natural draft, mechanical draft (including forced draft, induced draft counter flow and cross flow), and compares fill media options. Key performance parameters covered include range, approach, effectiveness, cooling capacity, and cycles of concentration. Energy efficiency opportunities discussed include selecting an appropriately sized tower, optimizing fill media, improving water distribution and treatment, upgrading fans and motors, and reducing drift losses.
The document discusses raw water impurities and demineralization systems. It begins by describing common impurities found in raw water such as calcium, magnesium, bicarbonates, sulfates and chlorides. It then discusses methods for expressing dissolved impurities and difficulties caused by various impurities. The document outlines pretreatment processes including coagulation, settling and filtration to remove suspended solids. It also describes demineralization systems using ion exchange materials like cation and anion exchange resins. Different demineralization configurations are listed that can be used depending on raw water quality and purity requirements.
The document discusses the HP/LP bypass system used in thermal power stations. The bypass system allows live steam from the boiler to bypass the turbine and be dumped into the condenser. This allows the boiler to continue operating during turbine trips or startup before the turbine is up to temperature. It comprises HP and LP bypass valves, spray valves, and other components. The bypass system cuts startup time, allows boiler operation during trips, and helps match boiler and turbine temperatures for efficient operation.
The document describes the operation of an electro-hydraulic turbine controller (EHTC) which consists of speed, load, and pressure control loops. The EHTC controls the valve lift to regulate turbine speed and load based on feedback from these loops. It allows startup, synchronization, minimum load operation, and full power range operation of the turbo generator set. The document also discusses different plant operation modes of the EHTC including boiler follow, turbine follow, and coordinated control (CMC) modes. CMC mode aims to coordinate the fast response turbine with the slow response boiler to minimize pressure and load fluctuations.
This document discusses the role of chemistry in power plants. It covers various aspects of feedwater treatment including removal of insoluble and soluble impurities. It discusses parameters for boiler water quality at different plant capacities. Methods for physical and chemical deaeration of feedwater like use of hydrazine are explained. Boiler water chemistry including use of volatile alkalis like ammonia for pH control is covered. Methods for detecting and addressing condenser leaks are summarized. Quality guidelines for steam and requirements for monitoring systems are provided.
This document provides instructions for operating and maintaining a Parker gas-fired steam or hot water boiler with a GB6 or GC6 control system. It describes the steps for starting and shutting down the boiler, what to do in the event of burner failure, and maintenance procedures. Safety is emphasized, including warnings not to bypass any safety controls and to only allow qualified service personnel to perform repairs or adjustments.
The document is a technical reference guide for service agents troubleshooting Apricus solar hot water systems. It provides information on circulating pumps, controllers, tanks, manifolds, collectors, and roof works. Safety procedures and disclaimers are outlined. Checklists are provided for diagnosing common faults related to these system components. Warranty procedures for completing forms and returning faulty parts are also detailed.
with this ppt you will learn about what is thermal power plant and construction and working of thermal power plant and also the advantages and disadvantages.
The document provides details about a main project report submitted by four students for their Bachelor of Technology degree. It discusses studying various systems in a 500MW thermal power plant. The report includes chapters on the coal handling plant, ash handling plant, electrostatic precipitator, boiler, steam turbine, generator, condenser and cooling towers, water treatment plant, transformers, switchyard, and the start up procedure for Dr. NTTPS Stage-4 plant. The objective of the project is to study the operation, maintenance and protection of power transformers used in Stage-IV of Dr. NTTPS thermal power plant.
Panipat thermal power station training pptMohit Verma
This training report summarizes the Panipat Thermal Power Station, which has a total generation capacity of 1360MW constructed in 5 stages from 110MW units to 250MW units. It describes the basic process of electricity generation including coal feeding, pulverization, combustion in the boiler, steam generation, superheating, steam turbine generation, and condensing. It provides details on the key elements of the plant including the deaerator, boiler feed pump, economizer, air preheater, boiler, superheater, turbine, and condenser. It also summarizes the instrumentation used for temperature, pressure, and process control.
This document provides an overview of the heavy water plant located in Kota, India. It discusses that the plant uses the gridler sulphide process to produce heavy water, also known as deuterium oxide. The plant was commissioned in 1982 with a capacity to produce 85 metric tonnes annually. It then discusses the applications of heavy water, primarily its use as a neutron moderator in certain nuclear reactors. The document also covers the various classifications of power supply at the plant from most to least reliable. It concludes with descriptions of some key electrical equipment found in the plant's switchyard, including power transformers, circuit breakers, and lightning arrestors.
The document discusses the instrumentation scheme of a thermal power plant. It describes the various subsystems of a thermal power plant and the key variables that need to be measured like pressure, temperature, flow, etc. It explains the different measurement techniques used for variables like pressure (bourdon tubes, diaphragms), temperature (thermocouples, RTDs), flow (orifice plates, venturi meters), and analysis of water, steam and flue gases. The document provides details on the typical measurement points in a power plant and number of instruments used.
POWER PLANT CHEMISTRY( WATER TREATMENT FOR BOILERS)Dilip Kumar
This document discusses the treatment of water for high pressure boilers and steam-water quality parameters. It describes the various processes involved - intake of raw water from rivers, aeration, addition of chemicals for coagulation and disinfection, clarification, filtration, and demineralization. It then discusses water treatment for boilers, including dosing of chemicals to prevent corrosion. Various sampling points and parameters for treated water and steam are listed. Finally, it briefly covers generator chemistry, including cooling of stator and rotor, hydrogen purity requirements, and primary water system treatment.
Super Critical Technology-Fundamental Concepts about Super Critical Technolog...Raghab Gorain
Nicely describe everything about super critical technology in thermal power plant.This slide is very useful for the freshers.Anybody can get the basic fundamental idea about super critical technology from this slide. In India now we have to think some new technology for power sources as sub critical power plants are less efficient and emit more pollutant to the environment and the alternative is the 'Super Critical Power Plant'.
This document provides information on the water treatment and electrical systems for the balance of plant for a 2x500MW thermal power project. It discusses the water requirements and sources, various water treatment processes, desalination processes, and electrical and control systems. The key points are: fresh water is a critical input for thermal power plants but availability is limited, so water conservation and reuse methods are discussed. Membrane and thermal desalination processes are described to supplement fresh water sources. Electrical systems including transformers, switchgear, cables, and control and instrumentation are outlined.
The document describes the key elements of a hydraulic power plant. It discusses how water is captured from catchment areas and stored in reservoirs behind dams. The potential energy of the stored water is increased by the height of the dam. Water then flows through penstocks and turbines, converting the hydraulic energy to mechanical energy that spins generators to produce electricity. Key components include the dam, reservoir, penstocks, surge tanks, turbines, generators, and powerhouse. The document also notes advantages like low operating costs and disadvantages like high initial costs and dependence on natural water flows.
This presentation summarizes key aspects of hydroelectric power plants. It introduces hydroelectricity as a renewable energy source that converts the kinetic energy of flowing water into electricity. It then discusses applications of hydroelectric power, providing examples of how hydroelectric plants can supply base load and peak load power. The document proceeds to describe the Kaptai hydroelectric power plant in Bangladesh as a case study, detailing its dam, reservoir, and power generation capacity. It concludes by outlining the essential components and schematic arrangement of typical hydroelectric power stations.
Lecture 01_PPE_unit 1_Introduction to Power Plant EngineeringRushikesh Sonar
Program: Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (Semester: 5)
Course: Power Plant Engineering
(Lecture 01) Unit 1: Introduction to Power Plant Engineering
1.1 World and National scenario of demand and supply of energy.
1.2 Introduction to power plants : their importance and types.
Presented by : Prof. Rushikesh Sonar, Sandip Polytechnic, Nashik
The difference between sbr, mbr and mbbr-sewage treatment plantsCleantechwater_19
The document discusses and compares three different types of sewage treatment plants: SBR, MBR, and MBBR. It defines each type of plant, noting that SBR uses a sequencing batch reactor process, MBR uses a membrane bioreactor process, and MBBR uses a moving bed biofilm reactor process. The document also mentions that MBR and MBBR both use membrane and biological processes. It states that SBR plants have a smaller footprint and are easier to operate than MBR or MBBR plants, which have less turbidity and produce less water sludge.
This document provides information on cooling towers, including types, components, performance parameters for assessment, and opportunities for improved energy efficiency. It discusses the main types of cooling towers as natural draft, mechanical draft (including forced draft, induced draft counter flow and cross flow), and compares fill media options. Key performance parameters covered include range, approach, effectiveness, cooling capacity, and cycles of concentration. Energy efficiency opportunities discussed include selecting an appropriately sized tower, optimizing fill media, improving water distribution and treatment, upgrading fans and motors, and reducing drift losses.
The document discusses raw water impurities and demineralization systems. It begins by describing common impurities found in raw water such as calcium, magnesium, bicarbonates, sulfates and chlorides. It then discusses methods for expressing dissolved impurities and difficulties caused by various impurities. The document outlines pretreatment processes including coagulation, settling and filtration to remove suspended solids. It also describes demineralization systems using ion exchange materials like cation and anion exchange resins. Different demineralization configurations are listed that can be used depending on raw water quality and purity requirements.
The document discusses the HP/LP bypass system used in thermal power stations. The bypass system allows live steam from the boiler to bypass the turbine and be dumped into the condenser. This allows the boiler to continue operating during turbine trips or startup before the turbine is up to temperature. It comprises HP and LP bypass valves, spray valves, and other components. The bypass system cuts startup time, allows boiler operation during trips, and helps match boiler and turbine temperatures for efficient operation.
The document describes the operation of an electro-hydraulic turbine controller (EHTC) which consists of speed, load, and pressure control loops. The EHTC controls the valve lift to regulate turbine speed and load based on feedback from these loops. It allows startup, synchronization, minimum load operation, and full power range operation of the turbo generator set. The document also discusses different plant operation modes of the EHTC including boiler follow, turbine follow, and coordinated control (CMC) modes. CMC mode aims to coordinate the fast response turbine with the slow response boiler to minimize pressure and load fluctuations.
This document discusses the role of chemistry in power plants. It covers various aspects of feedwater treatment including removal of insoluble and soluble impurities. It discusses parameters for boiler water quality at different plant capacities. Methods for physical and chemical deaeration of feedwater like use of hydrazine are explained. Boiler water chemistry including use of volatile alkalis like ammonia for pH control is covered. Methods for detecting and addressing condenser leaks are summarized. Quality guidelines for steam and requirements for monitoring systems are provided.
This document provides instructions for operating and maintaining a Parker gas-fired steam or hot water boiler with a GB6 or GC6 control system. It describes the steps for starting and shutting down the boiler, what to do in the event of burner failure, and maintenance procedures. Safety is emphasized, including warnings not to bypass any safety controls and to only allow qualified service personnel to perform repairs or adjustments.
The document is a technical reference guide for service agents troubleshooting Apricus solar hot water systems. It provides information on circulating pumps, controllers, tanks, manifolds, collectors, and roof works. Safety procedures and disclaimers are outlined. Checklists are provided for diagnosing common faults related to these system components. Warranty procedures for completing forms and returning faulty parts are also detailed.
This document provides an operation and maintenance manual for a Cleaver-Brooks Model CB packaged boiler that operates on light oil, heavy oil, gas, or a combination. It contains warnings about safety hazards, a description of the boiler and burner components, instructions for water treatment and vessel cleaning, and an explanation of the boiler's sequence of operation. The manual is intended to help operators and maintenance personnel safely and properly operate and care for the equipment.
The document provides information on commissioning a hydro power station. It discusses the key components of a hydroelectric power plant and outlines the main commissioning activities, which include pre-commissioning tests, initial run tests, and test runs. The pre-commissioning tests check equipment functionality before and after filling the waterways. Initial run tests slowly increase the turbine speed. Test runs involve mechanical spinning without excitation, spinning with excitation, synchronization with the grid, and load run and rejection tests to check performance and response at various load levels.
The document provides information about an HSA home warranty plan. It covers repairs and replacements for mechanical systems and appliances that fail due to normal wear and tear. It offers convenient service with a qualified technician contacting the homeowner to schedule an appointment. Without the warranty, typical repair costs for items like heating, AC, plumbing and appliances can be several hundred to thousands of dollars. The warranty aims to provide reliable protection and quality service throughout the repair process.
Factory owners must ensure boilers are properly maintained and operated safely. Key responsibilities include registering the boiler, ensuring regular inspections by an appointed examiner, having a competent person supervise the boiler whenever it is steaming, and maintaining the boiler in safe working order. The document provides guidance on safe boiler operation, maintenance, and emergency procedures to prevent accidents. It emphasizes the importance of proper training and compliance with regulations.
This document is a warranty service agreement between Any Mechanical Company and a customer. It details an annual maintenance tune-up for the customer's heating and cooling systems that meets manufacturer warranty requirements. The agreement benefits the customer by maintaining system efficiency, extending part life, providing priority service, and transferring with ownership of the property. It also offers a 10% discount for automatic monthly payments from the customer's account. The specific maintenance tasks to be performed on the heating and cooling systems are described.
Boiler maintenance is important to ensure safe, available, and efficient operation. It involves checking water levels, pressures, and water chemistry daily and cleaning components weekly. Monthly maintenance includes inspecting refractories and safety valves. Quarterly, filters and tanks should be cleaned. Semiannually, valves and pumps are inspected. Yearly, the smoke side and combustion chamber are cleaned and mountings inspected. Proper maintenance prevents downtime and costly repairs.
This document provides information about boiler surveys. It discusses the reasons for surveys, types of surveys including internal examinations and testing of safety valves. It provides details on survey requirements from regulatory bodies like SOLAS and IACS. Survey preparation steps are outlined, including cleaning, isolating the boiler, and having equipment ready. Various boiler components are also described such as composite boilers, water tube boilers, exhaust gas boilers, and common fittings like sight glasses and safety valves.
Michael A. Lacy is a Production Testing Operator with over 2 years of experience in production well testing and flow-back. He has led operations in horizontal production well testing and lease operations. His skills include horizontal production testing, lease operations, well testing, and reporting. He has experience operating horizontal production well tests, monitoring and setting test trains, maintaining and gauging tank battery levels, reporting flow rates, overseeing oil sales, observing equipment failures, and working with artificial lift systems.
This document provides guidance for candidates preparing for the Industrial Hydraulic Mechanic Certification exam. It outlines 49 tasks related to industrial hydraulics and grouped under 8 job responsibilities: preventive maintenance, fluid filtration and maintenance, assembling components, field repairs, major repairs, minor repairs, replacing components and fluids, and troubleshooting. For each task, the document provides an outcome statement, brief discussion of related technical information, and review questions to help candidates understand the material covered on the exam. It also includes diagrams and reference equations. The overall document serves as a study guide to help mechanics prepare for the certification test.
Boiler recommissioning procedure after capital overhaul Manohar Tatwawadi
In a thermal power plant, boiler overhauling is generally done yearly. The presentation highlights the procedure for the re-commissioning of the boiler after capital overhaul.
Michael Lacy is a relief lease operator with 3 years of experience in production well testing and lease operations. He has additional experience as a production testing operator and department manager at Lowe's. His skills include lease operations, production testing, operations management, and personnel management. He is currently a relief lease operator for Pioneer Natural Resources through Applied Consultants Inc., where his responsibilities include monitoring production, maintenance, reporting, and special operations.
This CV summarizes Arshad Mehmood's qualifications and work experience as a mechanical engineer. He has over 5 years of experience working on mechanical engineering projects in Saudi Arabia, including as a senior mechanical project engineer and mechanical site engineer. His responsibilities have included mechanical system installation, quality control, coordination, and project management. He holds qualifications including a BSC in Mechanical Engineering and DAE in Mechanical Engineering.
This document discusses improving boiler room efficiencies through better boiler drum level measurement and control. It describes different methods of liquid level measurement including inferential, volumetric, and differential pressure measurements. It also discusses different strategies for controlling boiler drum level, including single-element, two-element, and three-element control systems. Maintaining proper boiler drum level and feedwater temperature is important for optimizing boiler performance and efficiency.
This document is a maintenance service agreement between Any Mechanical Company and a customer. It details an annual maintenance tune-up for the customer's cooling and heating systems that provides benefits like maintaining system efficiency, extending part life, and priority customer status. The agreement lasts until cancelled and offers a 10% discount for automatic monthly payments. It lists maintenance tasks to be performed on the cooling and heating systems and spaces for the customer and company representative to authorize the agreement.
This document outlines best practices for hydrostatic testing plumbing systems. It describes a 10 step process for conducting hydrostatic tests, which involves pressurizing the system to 100 psi using a hydrostatic pump and garden hose, checking for leaks over 2 hours, and documenting the results. The goals of hydrostatic testing are to check for any leaks in the plumbing unit and ensure it meets pressure requirements before final approval. Materials used include a hydrostatic pump, and references may include photos, drawings, tables, or engineering details.
This document describes the Comprehensive Plus home warranty plan. It includes coverage for major systems and appliances such as heating/AC, plumbing, electrical, and built-in appliances. The plan provides additional coverage over the standard plan, including coverage for mismatched systems, improper installations, removal of defective equipment, and refrigerant management. It costs $410 for a single-family home or $385 for a condo/townhome. The plan includes a low $65 service call fee.
Boilers are an integral component of several industrial heat generation systems, and Hydro testing is used to evaluate the structural integrity of pipelines or other pressure-containing infrastructure. If you want to know how Hydro Testing Works In Boilers, hydro test pump manufacturers in India share complete details.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
UNLOCKING HEALTHCARE 4.0: NAVIGATING CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS FOR EFFECTIVE I...amsjournal
The Fourth Industrial Revolution is transforming industries, including healthcare, by integrating digital,
physical, and biological technologies. This study examines the integration of 4.0 technologies into
healthcare, identifying success factors and challenges through interviews with 70 stakeholders from 33
countries. Healthcare is evolving significantly, with varied objectives across nations aiming to improve
population health. The study explores stakeholders' perceptions on critical success factors, identifying
challenges such as insufficiently trained personnel, organizational silos, and structural barriers to data
exchange. Facilitators for integration include cost reduction initiatives and interoperability policies.
Technologies like IoT, Big Data, AI, Machine Learning, and robotics enhance diagnostics, treatment
precision, and real-time monitoring, reducing errors and optimizing resource utilization. Automation
improves employee satisfaction and patient care, while Blockchain and telemedicine drive cost reductions.
Successful integration requires skilled professionals and supportive policies, promising efficient resource
use, lower error rates, and accelerated processes, leading to optimized global healthcare outcomes.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
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Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
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Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
2. Arkansas
Department of Labor
Boiler Inspection Division
Boiler Operator
Study Guide
10421 West Markham
Little Rock, AR 72205
(501) 682-4513
http://boilersinfo.com/
3. MEMORANDUM
TO: __________________________________________ FAX (OR EMAIL) _________________________
FROM: _______________________________________ FAX (OR EMAIL) _________________________
DATE: ________________________________________
SUBJECT: FORMS TO BE SUBMITTED WHEN APPLYING FOR BOILER OPERATOR LICENSE EXAMINATION
AN APPLICANT FOR A BOILER OPERATOR’S LICENSE MUST COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING FORMS AND
SHALL PRESENT THEM TO THE ADMINISTRATOR OF THE BOILER EXAM, ALONG WITH A FEE OF $25.00
(TWENTY-FIVE DOLLARS), BEFORE THE APPLICANT WILL BE ALLOWED TO TAKE THE EXAMINATION.
1. PROOF OF BOILER OPERATING EXPERIENCE QUESTIONNAIRE
2. APPLICATION FOR BOILER OPERATOR’S LICENSE
PLEASE MAKE ALL CHECKS PAYABLE TO: BOILER INSPECTION DIVISION. IF PAYING CASH, PLEASE HAVE
EXACT AMOUNT. SORRY, WE DO NOT ACCEPT CREDIT CARDS, DEBIT CARDS, ELECTRONIC OR INTERNET
PAYMENTS. WE ACCEPT CASH, CHECK, OR MONEY ORDER ONLY.
OUR MAILING ADDRESS IS: BOILER INSPECTION DIVISION, ARKANSAS DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, 10421
WEST MARKHAM, LITTLE ROCK, ARKANSAS, 72205. IF YOU ARE COMING INTO THE LITTLE ROCK OFFICE,
WE ARE LOCATED AT 10411 WEST MARKHAM, THIRD FLOOR, SUITE 310.
TO SCHEDULE AN APPOINTMENT TO TAKE THE OPERATOR EXAMINATION, PLEASE CALL 501-682-4513
(MAIN NUMBER) OR 501-682-5066 (OPERATOR LICENSING).
http://boilersinfo.com/
4. BOILER OPERATING EXPERIENCE QUESTIONNAIRE
FOR APPLICANTS OF BOILER OPERATOR EXAMINATION
AN APPLICANT FOR A BOILER OPERATORS LICENSE MUST COMPLETE THIS FORM AND THE APPLICATION
FOR BOILER OPERATOR EXAMINATION AND PRESENT THEM ALONG WITH A FEE OF $25.00 TO THE
AUTHORIZED ADMINISTRATOR OF THE EXAM, BEFORE THE APPLICANT MAY BE ALLOWED TO TAKE THE
EXAMINATION. (WE ACCEPT CASH, CHECK, OR MONEY ORDER ONLY; IF YOU ARE PAYING BY CASH
PLEASE HAVE THE EXACT AMOUNT. MAKE ALL CHECKS PAYABLE TO: BOILER INSPECTION DIVISION.)
QUALIFICATION FOR EXAMINATION DEPENDS UPON HOW YOU ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS,
SO PLEASE TAKE YOUR TIME AND ANSWER CAREFULLY.
1. NAME AND LOCATION OF COMPANY WHERE YOU ARE CURRENTLY EMPLOYED:
___________________________________________________________________
1-A. NAME OF COMPANY MANAGER/SUPERVISOR:
____________________________________________________________
2. NAME AND LICENSE NUMBER OF BOILER OPERATOR YOU HAVE TRAINED UNDER:
________________________________________________ ______________
NAME OF OPERATOR LICENSE NUMBER
3. AMOUNT OF TIME YOU (APPLICANT) HAVE TRAINED UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF A
LICENSED BOILER OPERATOR:
___________________________________________________________________
4. WHILE IN TRAINING, PLEASE LIST 5 ACTIVITIES YOU WOULD COMPLETE ON A DAILY
BASIS WHILE OPERATING A BOILER:
4-1. _____________________________________________________________
4-2. _____________________________________________________________
4-3. _____________________________________________________________
4-4. _____________________________________________________________
4-5. _____________________________________________________________
5. LIST THE TYPE(S) OF BOILER(S) YOU HAVE WORKED ON AND OPERATED WHILE IN
TRAINING.
___________________________________________________________________
http://boilersinfo.com/
5. PLEASE NOTE:
THE BACK PAGE OF THIS STUDY GUIDE IS
YOUR APPLICATION TO TAKE THE BOILER
OPERATOR EXAMINATION.
YOU MUST BRING THE COMPLETED
APPLICATION AND QUESTIONNAIRE FORMS
WITH YOU WHEN YOU COME FOR TESTING
ALONG WITH THE TESTING FEE OF $25.00.
THIS APPLICATION MUST BE SIGNED BY
SOMEONE VERIFYING YOUR 6-MONTHS ON-
THE-JOB TRAINING.
THE BOILER OPERATOR EXAMINATION AND
FIRST YEAR LICENSE IS $25.00.
EACH TIME THE TEST IS TAKEN, A NEW
APPLICATION, QUESTIONNAIRE, AND $25.00
TESTING FEE MUST BE SUBMITTED.
http://boilersinfo.com/
6. THE FOLLOWING BOOKS ARE HELPFUL IN PREPARING FOR
THE BOILER OPERATOR EXAMINATION:
HIGH PRESSURE EXAMINATION:
HIGH PRESSURE BOILERS BY FREDRICK M. STEINGRESS $80.00 + S/H
AMERICAN TECHNICAL PUBLISHERS, INC.
HOMEWOOD, IL 60430
LOW PRESSURE EXAMINATION:
LOW PRESSURE BOILERS BY FREDRICK M. STEINGRESS $65.00 + S/H
AMERICAN TECHNICAL PUBLISHERS, INC.
HOMEWOOD, IL 60430
THESE BOOKS ARE OFFERED BY:
AMERICAN TECHNICAL PUBLISHERS
1155 W. 175TH
STREET
HOMEWOOD, IL 60430
1 (800) 323-3471
1 (708) 957-1101 FAX
INTERNET ADDRESS: WWW.AMERICANTECH.NET
PRICES AS OF 6/08
http://boilersinfo.com/
7. ARKANSAS DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
BOILER INSPECTION DIVISION
10421 WEST MARKHAM
LITTLE ROCK, AR 72205
(501) 682-4513
THIS IS A GENERAL STUDY GUIDE. THE SAMPLE QUESTIONS ARE ONLY EXAMPLES OF
POSSIBLE QUESTIONS ON THE EXAMINATION.
GENERAL INFORMATION AND SAMPLE STUDY QUESTIONS
BOILERS SUBJECT TO BE OPERATED BY LICENSED OPERATORS
AND QUALIFICATIONS FOR LICENSING
This Division is regularly requested by employers, companies, owners and operators of
steam boilers to advise the recommended qualifications necessary in order for an operator to
participate in an examination and obtain a boiler operator license as required by the State of
Arkansas Boiler and Pressure Vessel Law, Act 494 of 1961.
The Arkansas Boiler Safety Law, Act 494 of 1961, Section 7, provides the following:
“All boilers subject to the provisions of this Act shall either (1) be continuously monitored by
a mechanical or electronic devise approved by the Director of the Arkansas Department of
Labor, or (2) be checked at least once each hour when a plant is in operation or when any
public building is occupied, provided such boilers are equipped with approved-type
automatic appliances. Boilers that are manually operated must be under constant attendance
whenever they are in use for any purpose. Boilers fifty (50) horsepower and over, as rated by
the manufacturer, and boilers used in hospitals, hotels, schools, theatres, and office
buildings, but not limited to must be under regular attendance by a licensed operator who
holds a certificate of competency issued by the Boiler Inspection Division.
The Boiler Inspection Division shall conduct examinations for each applicant seeking a boiler
operator’s license. The examination may be either written or oral.
Each applicant shall pay a fee of twenty-five ($25.00) dollars for the examination and first
license. Each license must be renewed annually. The annual renewal fee shall be seventeen
($17.00) dollars. Before the applicant may participate in an examination, he must have had
not less than six (6) months’ on-the-job training. Proof of proper training must be furnished
to the Department prior to examination.
Any operator found operating a boiler without a certificate issued by the Boiler Inspection
Division, or operating a boiler knowing it to be defective, shall have his license revoked at
once.”
It is important that the Boiler Operator have a thorough knowledge and understanding of the
purpose of the following valves, controls and fittings, as required on steam boilers:
1. SAFETY VALVE: Prevents boiler pressure from rising above the setting of the
valve by relieving excessive steam pressure, guarding against hazards of over
pressure.
2. STEAM SUPPLY STOP VALVE: The valve installed at the steam outlet of the
boiler to shut off the flow of steam.
3. STEAM PRESSURE GAUGE: Indicates the steam pressure in the boiler in pounds
per square inch.
http://boilersinfo.com/
8. 4. STEAM GAUGE SYPHON: The device installed between the steam gauge and the
boiler to provide a water seal, so that live steam will not enter the gauge to cause a
false reading or damage to the gauge.
5. INSPECTOR’S TEST GAUGE CONNECTION AND COCK: Provides the necessary
connection to check the accuracy of the steam pressure gauge on the boiler.
6. WATER COLUMN: The hollow casting or forging connected at the top to the boiler’s
steam space and at bottom to the water space. The water gauge glass and water test
cocks are installed on the column.
7. WATER GLASS AND GAUGE FIXTURES: To visibly show the water level in the boiler.
8. WATER TEST GAUGES OR TRY COCKS: For testing the water level in the boiler
should the water glass be out of service temporarily for any reason.
9. DRAIN VALVE UNDER THE WATER COLUMN AND SWITCH: To provide a means for
daily flushing under the water column and water level controls to keep the chamber
and lines clean, so the water will register accurately in the glass. Also provides a
means of testing the low water cutoff.
10. BLOWOFF VALVE: To provide a method of draining, flushing and blowing off the
boiler at the low point to remove the concentrated solids, sediment, seals and
sludge of keeping the boiler clean.
11. WATER FEED INLET STOP VALVE: The shutoff valve required next to the boiler on
the water feed inlet, so that the entire line can be manually shut off if it is necessary to
work on the pump or check valve. It should never be closed when the pump is to operate.
12. WATER FEED INLET CHECK VALVE: The check valve on the water feed inlet that
closes to prevent steam or water from the boiler backing up into the water feed line.
13. LOW WATER CUTOFF: The control required on all boilers to shut off the main fuel
burner when the water reaches the lowest, safe, permissible level.
14. STEAM PRESSURE OPERATING CONTROL: To maintain the desired steam
operating pressure on the boiler by regulating the burner to the steam pressure
setting.
15. HI-LIMIT PRESSURE CONTROL: Is in addition to the operating control to shut off
the main fuel burner supply when the pressure in the boiler exceeds the desired maximum
setting.
16. 100% FLAME SAFEGUARD: The pilot safety device to shut off the main fuel
burner valve and the pilot burner in the event of a pilot failure and to prevent the
main burner from turning on until a safe pilot is established.
“Any person found operating a boiler without an operator’s license shall be subject to an
administrative fine of not less than twenty-five dollars ($25.00) and not more than one
hundred dollars ($100.00).”
The applicant who takes the Boiler Operator’s Examination shall be a person who is familiar
with the boiler or boilers and who has properly been instructed in their safe operation. The
recommended minimum standards to be used by the employer to determine the competency
of a person to participate in an examination to obtain an Operator’s license are:
http://boilersinfo.com/
9. 1. He shall be able to explain the function and operation of all controls on the boiler
or boilers.
2. He shall be able to light off the boiler or boilers in a safe manner.
3. He shall know all possible methods of feeding water to the boiler or boilers.
4. He shall know how to blowdown the boiler or boilers in a safe manner.
5. He shall know what would happen if the water was permitted to drop below the
lowest permissible operating level.
6. He shall know what would happen if the water in the boiler was carried too high.
7. He shall know how to shut down the boiler or boilers.
8. He shall understand and follow the daily operating, blowdown and maintenance
instruction sheet as published by the Manufacturer.
9. He shall follow the proper Boiler Water Treating Program, established by the
Manufacturer or by competent water treating personnel.
10. He shall thoroughly understand how to properly operate and maintain the boiler
in a safe manner.
11. He shall possess such other qualifications as might be reasonably necessary for
safe operation of the steam system.
12. He shall know the applicable laws and regulations required by the Arkansas
Boiler Inspection Division.
13. Before placing a boiler in service, it is important to be certain that the boiler has
been installed in compliance with the State Boiler code in every respect, all
applicable permits secured, and the boiler installation be approved with the
required Permit-to-Operate issued by the Arkansas Boiler Inspection Division.
Your compliance with the above requirements regarding the licensing of Boiler Operators in
the State of Arkansas will be greatly appreciated. We must maintain competent safe
operation of steam boilers at all times. There is no substitute for a dependable competent
licensed Boiler Operator. Automatic controls and devices are helpers; not his replacement.
http://boilersinfo.com/
10. STUDY GUIDE SAMPLE QUESTIONS
1. Which valve is between the boiler and the return pump?
Answer: Check Valve
2. What is the function of the check valve?
Answer: To prevent the water from returning to the condensation tank from the boiler after the
pump shuts off.
3. Four safety features required on the steam boiler are:
Answer: Safety relief valve, blow-down valve, low water cut-off, and pressure gauge
4. Safety relief valves should be set by:
Answer: Qualified safety valve technician/firm
5. Which pressure is considered to be that of a low-pressure boiler?
Answer: 0 – 15 PSI MAWP
6. What could happen if a steam valve is opened quickly?
Answer: Water could be siphoned out of the boiler causing damage to boiler and steam lines.
7. Why are steam lines insulated?
Answer: To prevent loss of heat during steam transfer.
8. What operating pressure indicates a high-pressure boiler?
Answer: 16 PSI and above
9. A steam valve should be opened slowly. True or false?
Answer: True
10. Improper mixtures of gas and air causes soot in boiler flues. True or false?
Answer: True
11. What is a water injector (feed pump)?
Answer: A mechanical device for forcing water into a boiler against high pressures.
12. What is the purpose of a baffle wall in a boiler?
Answer: To distribute flame evenly
http://boilersinfo.com/
11. 13. If a boiler is not kept clean internally, scales will form and cause the boiler not to blister.
True or false?
Answer: False
14. A boiler operator operating a boiler without a license shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and
upon conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine of not less than $25.00 and not more than
$100.00, and in addition may be imprisoned for not more than 2 years, or both. True or false?
Answer: True
15. A boiler operator must have the following number of months on-the-job training before he can
take the operator’s examination.
Answer: 6 months minimum
16. Water boilers at what temperature?
Answer: 212ºF
17. If you went into a boiler room and the fire was on, and there was not water in the boiler, you
should immediately add water to the boiler. True or False?
Answer: False
18. In a fire tube boiler the water flows through the tubes.
Answer: False
19. In a water tube boiler the fire passes through the tubes.
Answer: False
20. What are the two basic types of boilers?
Answer: Fire tube and water tube
21. A gauge glass allows you to see how much water is in the boiler.
Answer: True
22. What is the purpose of a safety relief valve on the boiler?
Answer: To relieve the boiler pressure when it exceeds the MAWP (maximum allowable
working pressure) and thereby prevent an explosion.
23. What is an induced draft?
Answer: Fan or fans on the exhaust side of boiler pulling air through the boiler.
24. A steam trap is a device used to release condensation and hold steam in a radiator or return
line. True or false?
Answer: True
25. Should a pressure relief valve open when the MAWP is exceeded by 6%?
http://boilersinfo.com/
12. Answer: Yes
26. A boiler operator operating a boiler that he knows is unsafe may, or may NOT have his
license revoked.
Answer: False
27. Which type of material is used for boiler gaskets?
Answer: Asbestos or Neoprene
28. The main purpose of draining the glass gauge is to verify that the pipes to the gauge are
clean and open.
Answer: True
29. Water is changed to steam by:
Answer: The application of heat.
30. A safety device used to cut fuel to the boiler when the water level falls below a safe level.
Answer: Low-water cut-off
31. A low-water cut-off device does not affect the fuel to the boiler when the water level drops.
Answer: False
32. Valves on the water column to check the accuracy of glass gauge and determine the water level
in a boiler, when glass gauge is suddenly broken are called:
Answer: Gauge cocks
33. You cannot check a safety relief valve by opening it at full working pressure.
Answer: False
34. A boiler is used for what purpose?
Answer: To produce steam or hot water for heat
35. The three most common fuels for firing boilers are coal, gas and oil.
Answer: True
36. The parts of a high-pressure boiler containing pressure (not fitting or appliances) are made out
of:
Answer: Steel
37. The primary function of a boiler is to:
Answer: Produce steam
38. Water will boil and turn to steam at 212º degrees F at atmosphere pressure.
http://boilersinfo.com/
13. Answer: True
39. The two types of boilers are:
Answer: Fire tube and water tube
40. The three requirements for combustion are:
Answer: Fuel, heat and oxygen
41. The three most common fuels used in boilers are:
Answer: Coal, gas and oil
42. A high-pressure steam boiler operates at a pressure above 15 psi.
Answer: True
43. The heat and gases of combustion pass through the tubes in a fire tube boiler.
Answer: True
44. Boilers should be fired slowly when first starting up because of the following reason:
Answer: To allow the boiler to expand uniformly under the action of the increasing pressure.
45. Regardless of the type of fuel being used, before lighting a boiler during a cold start-up, the
operator must first:
Answer: Check for the correct water level
46. As boiler steam pressure increases, there is a corresponding increase in the:
Answer: Temperature
47. Incomplete combustion can be caused by:
Answer: Lack of sufficient air supply to the fuel as it is being burned.
48. With the respect to the Arkansas Boiler and Pressure Vessel Law; Any operator found
operating a boiler without a certificate issued by the Boiler Inspection Division, or operating a
boiler knowing it to be defective shall:
Answer: Have his license revoked at once
49. The three types of drafts are:
Answer: Induced, Forced and Natural
50. In a water tube boiler, the heat and gases of combustion pass around the tubes.
Answer: True
http://boilersinfo.com/
14. ***STUDY GUIDE DEFINITIONS***
A
ABSOLUTE PRESSURE- The sum of gauge pressure and atmospheric pressure.
ACCESSORY- Piece of equipment not directly attached to the boiler but necessary for its operation.
ACCUMULATION TEST- Test used to establish the relieving capacity of boiler safety valves.
AIR COCK- See BOILER VENT.
AIR EJECTOR- Steam-driven device that removes air and other noncondensable gases from the
condenser, thus maintaining a higher vacuum.
AIR FLOW SWITCH- Proves that primary air is supplied to the burner.
AIR TO FUEL RATIO- Amount of air and fuel supplied to the burner over high and low fire.
AIR HEATER- Supplies heated air for combustion. Located in the breeching between the boiler and
chimney.
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE- Temperature of the surrounding air.
ALKALINITY- Determined by boiler water analysis. Boiler water with a PH over 7 is considered
alkaline.
ANTHRACITE COAL- Hard coal that has a high fixed carbon content.
ASH HOPPER- Large receptacle used to store ashes until they can be disposed of.
ASME CODE- Code written by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers that controls the
construction, repairs and operation of steam boilers and their related equipment.
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE- Pressure at sea level (14.7 psi).
ATOMIZE- To break up liquid into a fine mist.
AUTOMATIC NONRETURN VALVE- Valve located on the steam line closest to the shell of the
boiler that cuts the boiler in on the line and off-line automatically. This valve also protects the system
in the event of a large steam leak on any boiler.
AUXILIARIES- Equipment necessary for the operation of a boiler.
B
BAFFLES- Direct the path of the gases of combustion so that the maximum heat will be absorbed by
the water before the gases of combustion enter the breeching and chimney.
BALANCED DRAFT- When the intake damper is automatically controlled by the pressure in the
furnace. Furnace pressure is maintained slightly below atmospheric pressure.
BENT-TUBE BOILER- A water tube boiler with more than one drum in which the tubes connect the
drums.
BITUMINOUS COAL- Soft coal that has a high volatile content.
BLOWDOWN TANK- Coded tank vented to the atmosphere that protects sewer lines from boiler
pressure and high temperature when blowing down.
BLOWDOWN VALVES- Found on the boiler blowdown line at the lowest part of the water side of the
boiler.
BOILER CAPACITY- Pounds of steam per hour that a steam boiler is capable of producing.
BOILER EXPLOSION- Caused by a sudden drop in pressure (failure on the steam side) without a
corresponding drop in temperature.
BOILER HORSEPOWER- The evaporation of 34.5 pounds of water per hour from and at a
feedwater temperature of 212°F.
BOILERS IN BATTERY- Two or more boilers connected to a common steam header.
BOILER LAY-UP- Removing a boiler from service for an extended period of time. A boiler can be
laid up wet or dry.
BOILER ROOM LOG- A data sheet used to record pressures, temperatures and other operating
conditions of a boiler on a continuous basis.
BOILER SHUTDOWN- A sequence of operations completed when taking a boiler off-line.
BOILER START-UP- A sequence of operations completed when preparing a steam boiler for
service.
BOILER TUBES- Used to carry water or heat and gases of combustion. May be straight or bent
tubes.
http://boilersinfo.com/
15. BOILER VENT- Line coming off the highest part of steam side of the boiler that is used to vent air
from the boiler when filling with water and when warming the boiler. Also used to prevent a vacuum
from forming when taking the boiler off-line. Also known as air cock.
BOURDON TUBE- Connected by linkage to a pointer that registers pressure inside pressure
gauges.
BOX HEADER- Requires staybolts to prevent the headers from bulging. Found on older water tube
boilers.
BREECHING- Duct connecting boiler to chimney.
BRITISH THERMAL UNIT (BTU)- A measurement of the quantity of heat. The quantity of heat
necessary to heat one pound of water to 1°F.
BURNING IN SUSPENSION- Combustion of a fuel when burned in air without support.
BUTTERFLY VALVE- A balanced valve used to control gas flow to gas-fired boilers.
BYPASS DAMPER- Controls the air temperature in air heaters to prevent corrosion.
BYPASS LINE- A pipeline that passes around a control, heater or steam trap. Used so that a plant
can operate while equipment is serviced or repaired.
C
CALIBRATE- Adjusting a pressure gauge to conform to a test gauge.
CARRYOVER- Particles of water that flow with the steam into the main steam line.
CAUSTIC EMBRITTLEMENT- The collection of high alkaline material that leads to breakdown and
weakening of boiler metal.
CENTRIFUGAL FORCE- Force caused by a rotating impeller that builds up in a centrifugal pump.
Most boiler feed pumps are this type.
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP- Works on the principle of centrifugal force that is converted into pressure.
CHAIN (TRAVELING) GRATE STOKER- A cross-feed stoker that is used with larger capacity
boilers because of its ability to feed coal at a faster rate than other stokers.
CHECK VALVE- Automatic valve that controls the flow of a liquid in one direction.
CHEMICAL COMPOUND- Formed when two or more chemical elements combine into a new
substance.
CHEMICAL CONCENTRATION- The amount of a specific chemical in the boiler water.
CHEMICAL ENERGY- Energy in the fuel converted to heat energy during the combustion process.
CHIMNEY- Used to create draft. Also an outlet to the atmosphere for the gases of combustion.
COAL BUNKER- An overhead bin where large quantities of coal are stored.
COAL CONVEYOR- Mechanism on a stoker that moves coal to the coal scale.
COAL FEEDER- Controls the flow of coal entering the pulverizer.
COAL GATE- Used to control the depth of coal entering the boiler furnace on chain grate stokers.
COAL RAM- Distributes coal evenly into the center retort on underfeed stokers and forces the coal
up to the top where it is burned.
COAL SCALE- Measures and records the amount of coal fed to stoker-fired or pulverized coal fired
boilers.
COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL- Any material that burns when it is exposed to oxygen and heat.
COMBUSTION- The rapid union of oxygen with an element or compound that results in the release
of heat.
COMBUSTION CONTROL- Regulates the air to fuel ratio supplied to the burner.
COMPLETE COMBUSTION- The burning of all supplied fuel using the minimum amount of excess
air.
COMPRESSIVE STRESS- Occurs when two forces of equal intensity act from opposite directions,
pushing toward the center of an object. Fire tubes in a fire tube boiler are subjected to compressive
stress.
CONDENSATE- Steam that has lost its heat and has returned to water.
CONDENSATE PUMP- Used to return condensed steam to the open feedwater heater.
CONDENSATE TANK- Where condensed steam (water) is stored before it is delivered back to the
open feedwater heater by the condensate pump.
CONDENSE- Process whereby steam turns back to water after the removal of heat.
CONDUCTION- A method of heat transfer in which heat moves from molecule to molecule.
http://boilersinfo.com/
16. CONDUCTIVITY- A measure of the ability of electrons to flow through a solution.
CONTINUOUS BLOWDOWN- Used to control chemical concentrations and total dissolved solids in
the boiler water.
CONVECTION- A method of heat transfer that occurs as heat moves through a fluid.
CONVECTION SUPERHEATER- Located in a boiler and receives heat from convection currents.
COUNTERFLOW- Principle used in heat exchangers where the medium being heated flows in one
direction and the medium supplying the heat flows in the opposite direction.
CRACKING OPEN- Slowing opening a steam valve to allow pressure to equalize.
CROSS "T" - Used on connections on a water column for inspection of steam and water lines to
ensure they are clean and clear.
CYCLONE SEPARATOR- Separates water droplets from steam using centrifugal force and by
changing direction.
D
DAMPER- Used to control the flow of air or gases.
DATA PLATE- A plate that must be attached to a safety valve containing data required by the ASME
code.
DEADWEIGHT TESTER- Used to test a pressure gauge so that it can be recalibrated.
DEAERATING FEEDWATER HEATER- Type of open feedwater heater equipped with a vent
condenser.
DESUPERHEATING- Removing heat from superheated steam to make it suitable for process.
DISCHARGE PIPING- Piping attached to the outlet side of a safety valve that conveys steam to the
atmosphere.
DRAFT- The difference in pressure between two points that causes air or gases to flow.
DRY PIPE SEPARATOR- A closed pipe perforated at the top with drain holes on the bottom that
remove moisture from the steam.
DUPLEX STRAINERS- Remove solid particles from the fuel oil in fuel oil systems.
E
ECONOMIZER- Uses the gases of combustion to heat the feedwater.
ELEMENT- A basic substance consisting of atoms.
ENTHALPY- Total heat in the steam.
EROSION- Wearing away of metal caused by the wet steam.
EQUALIZING LINE- Line used to warm up the main steam line and equalize the pressure around
the main steam stop valve.
EVAPORATION TEST- Test that checks the operation of the low water fuel cutoff.
EXCESS AIR- Air more than the theoretical amount of air needed for combustion.
EXHAUSTER- Discharges a mixture of coal and warm air to the burner.
EXPANSION BENDS- Installed on boiler main steam lines to allow for expansion and contraction of
the lines.
EXTERNAL TREATMENT- Boiler water treated before it enters the boiler to remove scale-forming
salts, oxygen and noncondensable gases.
EXTRACTION STEAM- Steam that is extracted from a steam turbine at a controlled pressure for
process.
F
FEEDWATER- Water that is supplied to the steam boiler.
FEEDWATER HEATER- Used to heat feedwater before it enters the steam and water drum.
FEEDWATER LINES- Lines leaving the open feedwater pump and going to the boiler.
FEEDWATER PUMP- Takes water from the open feedwater heater and delivers it to the boiler at the
proper pressure.
FEEDWATER REGULATOR- Control used to maintain a NOWL that cuts down the danger of high
or low water.
http://boilersinfo.com/
17. FEEDWATER TREATMENT- Can be internal, using chemicals, or external, using water softeners.
Protects boiler from scale and corrosion.
FIELD-ERECTED BOILER- Boiler that must be erected in the field because of its size and
complexity.
FIREBOX- The part of the boiler where combustion of fuel takes place.
FIRE TUBE BOILER- Has heat and gases of combustion passing through tubes surrounded by
water.
FIRING RATE- Amount of fuel the burner is capable of burning in a given unit of time.
FITTINGS- Trim found on the boiler that is used for safety, and/or efficiency.
FLAME FAILURE- When the flame in the furnace goes out.
FLAME SCANNER- Device found on a boiler that proves pilot and main flame.
FLAREBACK- Flames discharging from the boiler through access doors or ports caused by delayed
ignition or furnace pressure buildup.
FLASH ECONOMIZER- A heat recovery system used to reclaim the heat from the boiler blowdown
water and used in conjunction with the continuous blowdown system.
FLASH POINT- Temperature at which fuel oil, when heated, produces a vapor that flashes when
exposed to an open flame.
FLASH STEAM- Created when water at a high temperature has a sudden drop in pressure.
FLASH TANK- Used with a continuous blowdown system to recover the flash steam from the water
being removed from the steam and water drum.
FLAT GAUGE GLASS- Type of gauge glass used for pressure over 250 psi.
FLEXIBLE JOINT- Used to allow for expansion and contraction of steam or water lines.
FLOW METER- Meter used to measure the flow of steam or water in the system.
FLY ASH- Small particles of noncombustible material found in gases of combustion.
FLY ASH PRECIPITATOR- An electric device that traps and holds fly ash until it is properly
disposed of.
FOAMING- Rapid fluctuations of the boiler water level that can lead to priming or carryover. Caused
by impurities on the surface of the boiler water.
FORCED DRAFT- Mechanical draft produced by a fan supplying air to the furnace.
FREE-BLOWING DRAIN- Used to remove condensate from the main steam line.
FRONT HEADER- Connected to the steam and water drum by downcomer nipples.
FUEL OIL HEATER- Used to heat fuel oil so it can be pumped and is at the correct temperature for
burning. Can be electric or steam.
FUEL OIL PUMP- Pump that takes fuel oil from the fuel oil tank and delivers it to the burner at the
proper pressure.
FURNACE EXPLOSION- Occurs when fuel or combustible gas build up in the fire side of the boiler.
FURNACE VOLUME- Amount of space available in a furnace to complete combustion.
FYRITE ANALYZER® - Instrument used to measure the percentage of carbon dioxide in the gases
of combustion.
G
GALVANOMETER- Used to measure small electric currents.
GAS ANALYZER- Used to analyze the gases of combustion to determine combustion efficiency.
GAS CALORIMETER- Used to determine the BTU content of natural gas.
GAS COCK- A manual quick-closing shutoff valve.
GAS LEAK DETECTOR- Device used to locate gas leaks in a boiler room.
GAS MIXING CHAMBER- Where air and gas mix before they enter the furnace in low pressure gas
burners.
GAS PRESSURE REGULATOR- Used to supply gas to the burner at the required pressure needed
for combustion of the gas.
GASES OF COMBUSTION- Gases produced by the combustion process.
GATE VALVE- Valve used on boilers as the main steam stop valve that when open offers no
restriction to flow. Must be wide open or fully closed.
GAUGE GLASS- Device installed on water column to visually check the water level (may be tubular
or flat). Lowest visible level must be 3 inches above the tubes on horizontal fire tube boilers.
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18. GAUGE GLASS BLOWDOWN VALVE- Valve used to remove any sludge and sediment from gauge
glass lines.
GAUGE PRESSURE- Pressure above atmospheric pressure that is read on a pressure gauge and is
recorded as psi or psig.
GLOBE VALVE- Used to take a piece of equipment out of service for maintenance. Used in
conjunction with a bypass line and bypass valve.
GRADE- Refers to the size, heating value and ash content of coal.
GRATES- Where the combustion process starts in a coal-fired furnace.
H
HANDHOLE- A part found on both fire tube and water tube boilers that is removed when cleaning
the water side of the boiler.
HEAT ENERGY- Kinetic energy caused by molecular motion within a substance.
HEAT EXCHANGER- Any piece of equipment where heat is transferred from one substance to
another.
HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEM- Equipment that is installed to reclaim heat that is normally lost during
the blowdown process.
HEAT TRANSFER- Movement of heat from one substance to another that can be accomplished by
radiant conduction or convection.
HEATING SURFACE- That part of the boiler that has heat and gases of combustion on one side and
water on the other.
HEATING VALUE- Expressed in BTU's per gallon or per pound. Heating value varies with the type
of fuel used.
HIGH AND LOW WATER ALARM- Warns the operator of high or low water.
HIGH FIRE- Point of firing cycle when burner is burning the maximum amount of fuel per unit of time.
HIGH PRESSURE STEAM BOILER- Boiler that operates at a steam pressure over 15 psi and over
6 boiler horsepower.
HORIZONTAL RETURN TUBULAR BOILER- Type of fire tube boiler that consists of a drum
suspended over the firebox.
HOT WELL- A reservoir located at the bottom of a condenser where condensate collects.
HUDDLING CHAMBER- Part on a safety valve that increases the area of the safety valve disc, thus
increasing the total upward force, causing the valve to pop open.
HYDRAULIC COUPLING- Coupling between the drive element and fan or pump.
HYDROGEN- A basic element present in gas, coal and fuel oil.
HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE- Water pressure per vertical foot (.433) exerted at the base of a
column of water.
HYDROSTATIC TEST- Water test made on a boiler after repair work on the steam or water side or
overheating of boiler metal.
I
IGNITION- The lightoff point of a combustible material.
IGNITION ARCH- Made of refractory material that absorbs the heat from the fire and radiates it back
to the green coal.
IMPELLER- The rotating element found in a centrifugal pump that converts centrifugal force into
pressure.
IMPINGMENT (FUEL OIL)- Fuel oil striking brickwork or the boiler heating surface that results in
formation of carbon deposits and smoke.
INCOMPLETE COMBUSTION- Occurs when all the fuel is not burned, resulting in the formation of
smoke and soot.
INDUCED DRAFT- Draft that is produced mechanically using a fan located between the boiler and
the chimney.
INFRARED- Invisible light rays produced by the combustion process and detected by a flame
scanner.
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19. INSULATION- Material used to cover steam, water, and fuel oil lines to cut down on radiant heat
losses.
INTEGRATOR- A calculating device used on differential-pressure flow meters to determine hourly or
daily flow rates.
INTERLOCK- Used with burner controls to ensure proper operating sequence.
INTERNAL FEEDWATER LINE- Perforated line located at the NOWL in the boiler that distributes
the relatively cool feedwater over a large area to prevent thermal shock to the boiler metal.
INTERNAL FURNACE- Furnace that is located within the boiler and is surrounded by water in the
scotch marine boiler.
INTERNAL OVERFLOW- A pipeline located in an open feedwater heater that prevents the water
level from exceeding a fixed level and flooding the system.
INTERNAL TREATMENT- The addition of chemicals directly into the boiler water to control pitting,
scale and caustic embrittlement.
INSTRUMENT (BOILER)- Device that measures, indicates, records and controls boiler room
systems.
ION (ZEOLITE) EXCHANGER- Water softener that uses zeolite to soften water for use in the boiler.
L
LIGHTING OFF- The ignition of the fuel.
LIGNITE- Coal with a low heating value (BTU content) and a high moisture content.
LIME-SODA PROCESS- A process that uses lime and soda ash to soften water.
LIMIT CONTROL- A control switch that shuts off the fuel when temperature or pressure exceeds the
normal operating control setting.
LIVE STEAM- Steam that leaves the boiler directly without having its pressure reduced in process
operations.
LOW FIRE- Point of firing cycle where burner is burning the minimum amount of fuel per unit of time.
LOW PRESSURE STEAM BOILER- Boilers that operate at a steam pressure of no more than 15
psi.
LOW WATER- Whenever the water level in the gauge glass is below the NOWL.
LOW WATER FUEL CUTOFF- A device located a little below the NOWL that shuts off the boiler
burner in the event of low water, preventing burning out of tubes and possible boiler explosion.
M
MAIN HEADER- That part of the system which connects boilers in battery and then distributes the
steam to wherever it is needed.
MAIN STEAM STOP VALVE- Valve or valves found on the main steam line leaving the boiler.
MAKEUP WATER- Water that must be added to the boiler to make up for leaks in the system, water
that is lost through boiler blowdowns, or condensate that is dumped because of contamination.
MALLEABLE IRON- Used for construction of water columns in boilers carrying a pressure between
250 psi and 350 psi.
MANHOLE- Opening found on the steam and water side of a boiler that is used for cleaning and
inspection of the boiler.
MANOMETER- Instrument used to measure boiler draft.
MANUAL RESET VALVE- Used to secure the gas in the event of a low water condition or a pilot
flame failure on a low pressure gas system.
MASTER CONTROL- Unit that receives the primary signal and relays signals to individual control
units.
MAWP (MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE WORKING PRESSURE)- Determined by the design and
construction of the boiler in conformance with the ASME code.
MERCURY SWITCH- Switch in which the movement of mercury in a capsule controls the flow of
electricity in a circuit.
MICA- Used to protect the flat gauge glass from the etching action of steam and water.
MICROPROCESSOR- A computer acting as a flame-monitoring device that programs the burner,
blower motor, ignition and fuel valves to provide for safe burner operation.
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20. MODULATING MOTOR- Receives signals from the modulating pressure control and repositions the
air to fuel ratio linkage.
MODULATING PRESSURE CONTROL- Located at the highest part of the steam side of the boiler
and sends a signal to the modulating motor that controls firing rate.
MUD DRUM- Lowest part of the water side of a water tube boiler.
MULTIPLE-PASS BOILER- Boilers that are equipped with baffles to direct the flow of the gases of
combustion so that the gases make more than one pass over the heating surfaces.
N
NATURAL DRAFT- Caused by the difference in weight between a column of hot gases of
combustion inside the chimney and a column of cold air of the same height outside the chimney.
NATURAL GAS- A combustible gas found in pockets trapped underground that consists mainly of
methane.
NONADHERING SLUDGE- Residue formed in a boiler when scale-forming salts are created by
adding feedwater chemicals.
NONCONDENSABLE GASES- Gases found in boiler makeup water (oxygen) and in condensate
returns.
NONVOLATILE- Any substance not easily vaporized under average temperature.
NORMAL OPERATING CONTROL - Device that controls pressure or temperature in a specific
range (see PRESSURE CONTROL).
NOWL (NORMAL OPERATING WATER LEVEL)- Water level carried in the boiler gauge glass
during normal operation (approximately one-third to one-half glass).
O
OIL SEPARATOR- A device that removes oil from the exhaust steam before it enters the open
feedwater heater.
OPERATING RANGE- Range that must be set when using an ON/OFF combustion control in order
to prevent extremes in firing rate.
ORIFICE PLATE- Plate with a fixed opening that is installed in a pipeline to give a certain pressure
drop across the opening where liquid or steam is flowing.
ORSAT ANALYZER- A flue gas analyzer that measures the percentage of carbon dioxide, oxygen
and carbon monoxide in the gases of combustion.
OUTSIDE STEM AND YOKE VALVE (OS&Y)- Shows by the position of the stem whether it is open
or closed. Used as boiler main steam stop valves.
OVERFEED STOKER- Air introduced over the fire to aid in complete combustion. Used mostly
when burning soft coal that has a high volatile content.
P
PACKAGE BOILER- Comes completely assembled with its own feedwater pumps, fuel system and
draft fans.
PACKING GLAND- Holds packing or seals in place on valves and pumps to minimize leakage.
PERFECT COMBUSTION- Burning of all the fuel with the theoretical amount of air. Can only be
achieved in a laboratory.
PILOT- Used to ignite fuel at the proper time in a firing cycle.
PIPELINE HEATER- Electric heater attached to the fuel oil line in order to maintain proper fuel oil
temperature (viscosity) for moving fuel oil.
PNEUMATIC SYSTEM- A system of control that uses air as the operating medium.
PNEUMERCATOR- A fuel oil level indicating device that gives a direct reading in gallons.
POPPING PRESSURE- Predetermined pressure at which a safety valve opens and remains open
until the pressure drops.
POP-TYPE SAFETY VALVE- Valve with a predetermined popping pressure.
POSITIONING CONTROLLER- A control that regulates air and fuel going to a boiler furnace.
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21. POSTPURGE- The passing of air through a furnace after normal burner shutdown.
POUR POINT- Lowest temperature at which fuel oil flows as a liquid.
PREPURGE- The passing of air through a furnace prior to lightoff.
PRESSURE CONTROL- Attached to the highest part of the steam side of a boiler to control its
operating range.
PRESSURE GAUGE- Calibrated in pounds per square inch. Used to indicate various pressures in
the system.
PRESSURE-REDUCING GOVERNOR- Used on low pressure gas burner systems to reduce the gas
pressure to 0 psi.
PRESSURE-REDUCING STATION- Where higher pressure steam is reduced in pressure for plant
process.
PRIMARY AIR- Air supplied to the burner that regulates the rate of combustion.
PROCESS STEAM- Steam used in the plant for manufacturing purposes.
PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION- Gases that are formed as a fuel is burned in the furnace.
PROGRAMMER- Control that puts the burner through a firing cycle.
PROPORTIONING CHEMICAL FEED PUMP- Pump that can be adjusted to feed chemicals to a
boiler over a 24-hour period.
PROVING PILOT- Sighting the pilot through the scanner to verify that the pilot is lit.
PROXIMATE ANALYSIS- Provides information regarding moisture content, volatile matter, fixed
carbon and ash content of coal.
PSI (POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH)- Unit of measurement used to express the amount of pressure
present in a given structure or system.
PULVERIZING MILL- Grinds coal to the consistency of talcum powder before it is delivered to the
furnace, where it burns in suspension.
PUMP CONTROLLER- Starts and stops a feedwater pump, depending on the water level in the
boiler.
PURGE PERIOD- Before ignition and after burner shutdown when explosive combustibles are
removed.
PYROMETER- High-pressure thermocouple used to measure furnace temperatures.
Q
QUALITY OF STEAM- Term used to express the moisture content present in saturated steam.
Quality of steam effects the BTU content of the steam.
QUICK-CLOSING VALVE- Valve that requires a one-quarter turn to be fully open or closed.
R
RADIANT SUPERHEATER- A nest of tubes that the saturated steam passes through to acquire
heat.
RANK- Refers to how hard the coal is.
RATE OF COMBUSTION- The amount of fuel that is being burned in the furnace per unit of time.
RAW WATER- Untreated water from wells or city water lines.
REAR HEADER- Found on straight-tube water tube boilers. Connected to front header by water
tubes.
RECIPROCATING PUMP- Positive-displacement pump used to pump liquids.
RECORDER- An instrument that records data such as pressures and temperatures over a period of
time.
REFRACTORY- Brickwork used in boiler furnaces and for boiler baffles.
RELIEF VALVE- Used to protect liquid systems from excessive pressure.
RESET- Switch that must be reset manually after tripping.
RETORT- Space below the grates of an underfeed stoker.
RINGELMANN- Chart used as a means of determining smoke density.
RIVETS- Fasteners used to connect steel plates.
ROTOMETER- Variable-area flow meter that measures the flow of a fluid.
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22. S
SAFETY VALVE BLOWDOWN- Drop in pressure between popping pressure and reseating
pressure (usually 2 to 8 psi below popping pressure).
SAFETY VALVE CAPACITY- Measured in pounds of steam per hour safety valves can discharge.
SATURATED STEAM- Steam at a temperature that corresponds with its pressure.
SCALE- Deposits caused by improper boiler water treatment.
SCALE-FORMING SALTS- Salts such as calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate that when
in solution tend to form a hard, brittle scale on hot surfaces.
SCANNER- Device that monitors the pilot and main flame of the furnace.
SCOTCH MARINE BOILER- A fire tube boiler with an internal furnace.
SECONDARY AIR- Air needed to complete the combustion process.
SEDIMENT- Particles of foreign matter present in boiler water.
SHEAR STRESS- Occurs when two forces of equal intensity act parallel to each other but in
opposite directions.
SINUOUS HEADER- Found on water tube boilers. Tubes are expanded, rolled and beaded into
front and rear headers.
SIPHON- Protective device used between the steam and Bourdon tube in a steam pressure gauge.
SLOW-OPENING VALVE- Valve that requires five full turns of its handwheel to be fully open or
closed.
SLUDGE- Accumulation residue produced from impurities in water.
SMOKE DENSITY- Varies from clear to dark. Determined by the amount of light that passes
through the smoke as it leaves the boiler.
SMOKE INDICATOR- An indicating or recording device that shows the density of the smoke leaving
the chimney.
SOLENOID VALVE- An electromagnetic valve positioned open or closed.
SOLID STATE- An electronic system using transistors in place of electronic tubes.
SOOT- Carbon deposits resulting from incomplete combustion.
SOOT BLOWERS- Used to remove soot from around tubes to increase boiler efficiency. Mostly
found on water tube boilers.
SPALLING- Hairline cracks in boiler brickwork (refractory) due to changes in furnace temperature.
SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION- Occurs when combustible materials self-ignite.
STAYBOLTS- Bolts used in boilers to reinforce flat surfaces to prevent bulging.
STEAM AND WATER DRUM- The pressure vessel in a steam boiler that contains both steam and
water.
STEAM BOILER- A closed pressure vessel in which water is converted to steam by the application
of heat.
STEAMBOUND- Condition that occurs when the temperature in the open feedwater heater gets too
high and the feedwater pump cannot deliver water to the boiler.
STEAM SEPARATOR- Device used to increase the quality of steam. Found in the steam and water
drum.
STEAM SPACE- The space above the water line in the steam and water drum.
STEAM STRAINER- Used before steam traps and turbine throttle valves to remove solid impurities.
STEAM TRAP- An automatic device that removes gases and condensate from steam lines and heat
exchangers without the loss of steam.
STEAM TURBINE- Used to drive boiler auxiliaries or generators in large plants.
STOPCOCK- A quick-opening or closing valve usually found on gas lines.
STRIP CHART- Recording chart that records temperatures and pressures in the system.
SUCTION PRESSURE- Pressure on the liquid at the suction side of a pump.
SULFUR- A combustible element found in coal and fuel oil.
SUPERHEATED STEAM- Steam at a temperature above its corresponding pressure.
SUPERHEATER- Used to increase the amount of heat in the steam.
SUPERHEATER DRAIN- Valve found on the superheater header outlet. Used to maintain flow
throughout the superheater during start-up and shutdown.
SURFACE BLOWDOWN VALVE- Used to remove impurities from the surface of the water in a
steam and water drum.
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23. SURFACE CONDENSER- A shell-and-tube vessel used to reduce the exhaust pressure on the
outlet end of turbines or engines.
SURFACE TENSION- Caused by impurities on the top of the water in the steam and water drum.
SUSPENSION SLING- Used to support the drum of the HRT boiler.
SYNCHRONIZE- To balance out combustion controls before switching to automatic.
T
TENSILE STRESS- Occurs when two forces of equal intensity act on an object, pulling in opposite
directions. Affects boiler plates and staybolts.
THERM- Unit used to measure BTU content of natural gas. A therm has 100,000 BTU.
THERMAL EFFICIENCY- The ratio of the heat absorbed by the boiler to the heat available in the
fuel per unit of time.
THERMOCOUPLE- Used to measure temperatures in the system and send them back to a
recording chart.
THERMOMETER- Instrument used to measure temperature (degree of heat). Calibrated in degrees
Celsius or degrees Fahrenheit.
THROUGH STAYS- Found on fire tube boilers (HRT and scotch marine) to keep front and rear tube
sheets from bulging.
TOTAL FORCE- Total pressure that is acting on an area, determined by diameter and pressure.
TRY COCKS- Secondary way of determining the water level.
TUBE BRUSHES- Used in fire tube boilers to remove soot from inside of tubes.
TUBE SHEET- Tubes are rolled, expanded and beaded into front and rear tube sheets of HRT and
scotch marine boilers and upper and lower tube sheets of vertical fire tube boilers.
TUBULAR GAUGE GLASS- Round gauge glass used for pressures up to and including 250 psi.
TURBINE STAGES- That part of the turbine where steam gives up its energy to the turbine blades.
As the steam pressure drops, the stages (blades) become larger.
TURBULENCE- Movement of water in the steam and water drum.
U
ULTRAVIOLET- A form of light that is produced during combustion.
UNDERFEED STOKER- A coal-firing system that introduces the coal under the fire.
U-TUBE MANOMETER- When filled with mercury, used to measure vacuum. U-tube manometers
are calibrated in inches.
V
VACUUM- A pressure below atmospheric pressure.
VACUUM GAUGE- Pressure gauge used to measure pressure below the atmosphere that is
calibrated in inches of mercury.
VAPORSTAT- Control with a large diaphragm that makes it highly sensitive to low pressure.
VARIABLE-AREA FLOW METER- Measures the flow of a substance by how much resistance is
created by a float or piston which changes the area (size) of the flow path.
VENT CONDENSER- Removes oxygen and other noncondensable gases in a deaerating feedwater
heater.
VENTURI- A constricting device used in pipelines to measure flow.
VERTICAL FIRE TUBE BOILER- One-pass boiler that has fire tubes in a vertical position. Vertical
fire tube boilers are classified as wet-top or dry-top.
W
WARPING- Bending or distortion of boiler or superheater tubes, usually caused by overheating.
WATER COLUMN- Reduces fluctuations of boiler water to obtain a better reading of the water level
in the boiler gauge glass. Located at the NOWL.
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24. WATER COLUMN BLOWDOWN VALVE- Valve on the bottom of the water column used to remove
sludge and sediment that might collect at the bottom of the water column.
WATER HAMMER- A banging condition that is caused by steam and water mixing in a steam line.
WATER SOFTENING- The removal of scale-forming salts from water.
WATER TUBE BOILER- Boiler that has water in the tubes with heat and gases of combustion
around the tubes.
WATERWALL- Vertical or horizontal tubes found in the furnace area of water tube boilers that
lengthen the life of the refractory.
WATERWALL BLOWDOWN VALVE- Approved valve used to remove sludge and sediment from
waterwalls and waterwall headers.
WEIGHT-TYPE ALARM WHISTLE- Alarm whistle which signals high or low water by the gain or
loss of buoyancy of weights in water within the water column.
WINDBOX (PLENUM CHAMBER)- Pressurized air chamber that supplies air to a furnace.
Z
ZEOLITE- A resin material that is used in the process of softening water.
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30. ARKANSAS DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
BOILER INSPECTION DIVISION
10421 West Markham
Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
APPLICATION FOR BOILER OPERATOR'S LICENSE "TYPE" (Circle One) HIGH PRESSURE LOW PRESSURE
ARKANSAS CODE ANNOTATED 20-23-404. OPERATORS.
(a) The Boiler Inspection Division shall conduct examinations for each applicant seeking a boiler operator's license. Before an applicant may
participate in an examination, he/she must have not less than six (6) months on-the-job training. Proof of this must be furnished to the Boiler
Inspection Division by his/her employer prior to the examination.
(b) Any operator found operating a boiler without a certificate issued by the Boiler Inspection Division or operating a boiler knowing it to be
defective shall have his/her license revoked at once. Any person found operating a boiler without an operator's license shall be subject to an
administrative fine of not less than twenty-five dollars ($25.00) and not more than one hundred dollars ($100.00).
PLEASE PRINT OR TYPE
NAME OF APPLICANT Soc. Sec. No.
FIRST, MIDDLE INITIAL, LAST
ADDRESS
STREET or PO BOX
CITY, STATE, ZIP CODE
BOILER OPERATING EXPERIENCE
LOCATION TYPE & SIZE FROM TO
LOCATION TYPE & SIZE FROM TO
The training of any Boiler Operator remains the sole responsibility of the employer. Issuance of a license only indicates that the applicant has passed
a general written examination, pertaining to the operation of boilers. Act 1163 of 1997 requires the Boiler Inspection Division to transfer name,
address, and social security number information on applicants to the Office of Child Support Enforcement. Social security numbers shall otherwise
be maintained in a confidential manner as required by Act 1163 of 1997.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS SPACE
Type Exam
______________________________________________________
Examined at
______________________________________________________
Date Grade
Type of License to be issued: HIGH LOW RESTRICTED
LICENSE NUMBER ______________ ISSUE #___________
_______________________________________________
SIGNATURE OF EXAMINER
SIGNATURE OF APPLICANT
EMPLOYER CERTIFICATION
I hereby affirm that the applicant herein has had the
necessary training required to participate in the examination.
_______________________________________________
Name of Employer
_______________________________________________
Address
_______________________________________________
City, State, Zip
_______________________________________________
Employer Signature and Title
_______________________________________________
Telephone
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