Here are the key points this activity aims to highlight: - Without sound, one can still glean a lot about the scene, characters, and their relationships/emotions through non-verbal cues like facial expressions, gestures, body language, proximity between characters. - Things like who is making eye contact with whom, who is turning away, who is leaning in closely vs keeping distance can reveal dynamics. - Adding the sound layer provides even more context but the non-verbal performance enhances understanding of subtleties in interactions. - Non-verbal communication plays a big role in storytelling and helping the audience connect with and interpret characters beyond just the words. Paying attention to it enhances our experience and analysis of TV

1. BODY LANGUAGE

2.  PaulEleman says, “We talk with our vocal cords.
But we communicate with our facial expressions,
our tone of voice, our whole body.”

3. MEANING
 “Body language is the unconscious and
conscious transmission and interpretation of
feelings, attitudes, and moods, through:
body posture, movement, physical state, position
and relationship to other bodies, objects and
surroundings, facial expression and eye
movement”.

4. KINESICS
 Kinesics means the study of role of body
movements such as winking, shrugging, moving,
walking, laughing etc.
 Movements of the body, or some part of it, used to
communicate an idea, intention or feeling.
 It is the way people:
• Reinforce the spoken word
• Replace the spoken word using their bodies to
make visual signals or their voices to make oral but
non-verbal signals

5. KINESICS
 To interpret facial expressions correctly, it is
important to take the communication context and
culture into account.
 People in some cultures rarely show emotion
(China); Asians will smile or laugh softly when
they are embarrassed.

6. BODILY SPEAKING…
 According to the social anthropologist, Edward T.
Hall, in a normal conversation between two
persons, less than 35% of the social meanings is
actually transmitted by words.
 So, at least 65% of it is conveyed through the body
(non-verbal channel).
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7. Verbal Communication-7%
Bodily Movements, Gestures-55%
Voice tone-38%

8. Importance
 Replace speech
 Regulate flow and rhythm of interaction
 Maintain attention
 Add emphasis to speech
 Make memorable the content of speech

9. Effective Use of Body Language
 Mind the body talk
 Be careful with the handshake
 Establish good eye contact
 Communicate at the level of the person before you
 We must be ourselves
 Graceful Movements and Confident posture
improve the atmosphere at the workplace

10. NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
FACIAL APPEARANCE
EXPRESSIONS AND ATTIRE
USE OF
POSTURE KINESICS HANDS/ HEAD
USE USE USE
OF OF
OF
LEGS EYES
ARMS

11. FACIAL EXPRESSIONS
 Face is Index of mind.
 Thoughts of mind and feelings often find
expression on the face.
 Generally associated with happiness, surprise,
fear, anger, sadness, bewilderment, astonishment
and contentment.

12. FACES
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13. Kinesics: facial expression
 Birdwhistle (1970): the face is
capable of conveying 250,000
expressions

14. FACE
 The face is capable of conveying 250,000
expressions (Birdwhistle, 1970).
 Impact factors:
 Verbal Impact, 7 percent
 Vocal Impact, 38 percent
 Facial Impact, 55 percent

14

15. EYES
* Most expressive part of human beings.
* Eyes along with eyebrows, eyelids and the size of pupil convey
inner most feelings.
* E.g. Dilated pupil tells that person is surprised or excited.
* Eye contacts
- Encouraged in America, Canada, Europe
- Rude in most Asian countries and in Africa
* Raising eyebrows
- “Yes” in Thailand and some Asian countries
- “Hello” in the Philippines
- Asking question in India.
15

16. EYES (Cont’d)
* Winking eye
- Sharing secret in America and Europe
- flirtatious gesture in other countries
* Closed eyes
- bored or sleepy in America, India.
- “I’m listening and concentrating.” in Japan,
Thailand, China
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17. SMILE, NOSE, EARS
These body parts communicate different things
 Smiling increases sociability, likeability, attraction.
* Ear grasp: eg I’m sorry.” in parts of India
* Cupping the ear: eg. “I can’t hear you.” in all
societies
* Holding the nose: eg. “Something smells bad.”
universal
* Nose tap: eg: “It’s confidential.” England

18. CHEEKS, LIPS AND MOUTH
* Cheek screw: eg. gesture of praise - Italy
- “That’s crazy.” Germany
* Whistle, yawn, smile, bite, point, sneeze,
spit….
* Open mouth: Any display of the open
mouth is considered very rude in most
countries. 18

19. GESTURES
 These are observed actions.
 Non vocal bodily movements intended to express
meaning.
 These may be articulated with hands, arms or body

20. We categorize
Gestures into
5 different kinds.

21. 1. Affect Displays
Movements of the face to convey
or show emotions
Happy, sad, fear, anger, etc.

22. 2. Emblems
Substitutions for words
Specific verbal translation
EX: “OK,” “peace,” “be quiet”

23. 3. Illustrators
 Accompany and literally illustrate the
verbal message
 EX: Saying, “Let’s go” while motioning
with your hands for them to go, it was
“this big” while showing how big,
making a circular motion while talking
about a circle

24. Illustrator
Asking, “What
time is it?”
At the same
time, pointing to
your watch.

25. 4. Regulators
Monitor, maintain, or
control the speaking of
another individual.
EX: nodding your head,
“keep going,” “speed
up.”

26. Regulators
 Who is sending
an “I’m really
listening”
regulator QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
message? How
do you know?

27. 5. Adaptors
 Satisfy a need & are usually
unconscious
 3 types:
1. Self-adaptors
2. Alter-adaptors
3. Object-adaptors

28. 5. Adaptors
1. Self-adaptors: satisfy a physical
need
EX: scratching your head, pushing
your hair out of your face

29. 5. Adaptors
1. Self-adaptors
2. Alter-adaptors: body movements you
make in response to your current
interactions
EX: crossing your arms when
someone unpleasant approaches

30. 5. Adaptors
1. Self-adaptors
2. Alter-adaptors
3. Object-adaptors: manipulation of
objects; often happen when feeling
hostile
EX: clicking pen, chewing pencil

31. SPEECH INDEPENDENT
GESTURES
 Autonomous gestures, or emblems
 Direct verbal translation
 High agreement among users

32. SPEECH RELATED GESTURES
 Illustrators--directly
tied to, or accompany, speech.
Four common types are:
 gestures related to speaker’s referent
 gestures indicating speaker’s relationship to the referent
 visual punctuation
 interaction gestures

33. REFERENT RELATED
 Characterize the content of our speech
 Such as pointing at objects
 Pointing in a general direction

34. RELATIONSHIP TO THE
REFERENT
 Comment on the speaker’s orientation to the
referent
 Eg: How much you care?

35. PUNCTUATION GESTURES
 Accent or emphasize a single word
 Coincides with the primary voice stress
 Used for commas, periods, etc.....
 Can be accomplished with gestures, body
movements, and eye and vocal changes too

36. INTERACTION GESTURES
 Used to acknowledge the other relative to the
speaker
 Help to regulate and organize the interaction
 Turn-exchange behaviors
 Nearly 1/2 of gestures in an interaction serve
this purpose
 Gestures are not limited to a single function

37. POSTURE
 Itrefers to the way one stands, sits or walk.
 A person's bodily stance communicates a rich
variety of messages.
 Postures are ways of positioning the body or
certain parts of it, such as slouching in a chair or
kneeling in prayer.

38. •Both postures and gestures are under
more conscious control than facial
expressions and more regulated by
cultural norms and conventions.
•Good posture should be natural and
relaxed, not stiff and tense. As with all
other elements of your speaking, verbal
and non-verbal, it takes practice.

39. Basic Types of Body Language Postures
 OPEN / CLOSED: People with arms folded and
legs crossed and bodies turned away are signaling
that they are rejecting messages. People showing
open hands, fully facing you and both feet planted
on the ground are accepting them.
 A slumped posture indicates that you have low
spirits, are fatigued or that you feel inferior.
Whereas, an erect posture shows high spirits and
confidence.

40. Basic Types of Body Language
postures
 FORWARD/ BACK: When people are leaning
forward and pointing towards you they are actively
accepting or rejecting the message. When they are
leaning back, looking up at the ceiling, doodling
on a pad, cleaning their glasses they are either
passively absorbing or ignoring it.

43. HANDS
* Of all the body parts, the hands are probably used
most for communicating non-verbally.
* Hand waves are used for greetings, beckoning, or
farewells.
43

44. HANDS
* The Italian “good-bye” wave can be interpreted by
Americans as the gesture of “come here.”
* The American “good-bye” wave can be interpreted in
many parts of Europe and Latin America as the signal
for “no.”
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45. HANDS (Cont’d)
* Beckoning.
* The American way of getting attention (raising a hand
with the index finger raised above head) could be
considered rude in Japan, and also means “two” in
Germany.
* The American “come here” gesture could be seen as an
insult in most Asian countries.
* In China, to beckon a waiter to refill your tea, simply
turn your empty cup upside down.
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46. HANDS (Cont’d)
* Right hand. The right hand has special significance
in many societies. In certain countries in the
Middle East and in Asia, it is best to present
business cards or gifts, or to pass dishes of food, to
get an attention, using only the right hand or both.
* Left hand is considered unclean in much of the
Middle East and in parts of Indonesia.
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47. HANDS (Cont’d)
* Hang loose. (thumb and little finger extended)
* could convey different meanings:
* in Hawaii, it’s a way of saying, “Stay cool,” or “Relax.”
* in Japan, it means six.
* In Mexico (do vertically), it means, “Would you like a
drink?”
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48. HANDS (Cont’d)
* Clapping hands.
* Russians and Chinese may use applause to
greet someone.
* In many central and eastern Europe, audience
frequently clap in rhythm.
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49. HANDSHAKE
* Handshaking is a form of
greeting in most Western
cultures.
* In the Middle East, a gentle grip is
appropriate.
* In most Asian cultures, a gentle
grip and an avoidance of direct eye
contact is appropriate.
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50. HANDSHAKE
Types of Handshake
 A firm handshake: shows confidence and keenness.
 A limp handshake: shows lack of confidence, inferiority
complex.
 A clasp: using both hands suggest high degree of warmth and
respect.
 A vice like grip: a right grip which makes the other person
uncomfortable, suggest some kind of dominance.
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52. The knuckle Grinder

53. Handshakes

54. Proxemics:

55. Common Gesture Clusters
Evaluation:
Evaluation gestures say that the other person is
being thoughtful or is considering what you
are saying. Sometimes in a friendly way
sometimes in an unfriendly way.
Typical evaluation gestures include
 tilted head,
 hand to cheek,
 leaning forward and
 chin stroking

56. Common Gesture Clusters
Evaluation:
Sometimes evaluation gestures take on a critical
aspect.
 The body is more drawn back
 The hand is to the face but the chin is in the palm
of the hand with one finger going up the cheek and
the other fingers positioned below the mouth.
 This is generally an unfavorable gesture.

57. Common Gesture Clusters
Evaluation:
To gain time for evaluating the situation
people use cigarette or pipe smoking habits,
removing eyeglasses.
A final negative evaluation gesture is
dropping his eyeglasses to the lower bridge
of noise and peering over them.
This gesture usually causes a negative
emotional overreaction in other people.

59. Body Language (Kinesics):

60. Body Language (Kinesics):

61. Body Language (Kinesics):

62. FINGERS
* The “O.K.” signal. (the thumb and forefinger form
a circle) means
* “fine,” or “O.K.” in most cultures,
* “zero” or “worthless” in some parts of Europe
* “money” in Japan
* an insult in Greece, Brazil, Italy, Turkey, Russia and
some other countries
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63. FINGERS (Cont’d)
* “Thumb-up” means:
* “O.K.” “good job” or “fine” in most cultures,
* “Up yours!” in Australia
* “Five” in Japan; “One” in Germany
* Avoid a thumb-up in these countries: Australia,
New Zealand, Greece, Turkey, Iran, Russia, and
most African countries.
63

64. Appearance & Attire
A man is recognized by his “dress & address”.
 “Address” means the way person speak to the
others.
 Initially the audience judge the speaker from his
physical appearance, physique, attractiveness,
personal hygiene, body odour, hair style and even
from our skin tone.

65. Activity
Watch a scene from a television drama with the
sound turned down, paying particular attention to
non-verbal clues. Watch again with sound. How
much of a contribution has the performance of
non-verbal codes made to the meaning of the scene
and the identity of the characters?