- Blood transfusion is an essential part of modern healthcare, but requires careful logistics and freight management to ensure blood and blood components are safely stored and transported. - The 'blood cold chain' refers to maintaining the correct temperature for blood and components from collection to transfusion through specialized equipment like refrigerators and transport boxes. - India faces challenges in ensuring adequate access to safe blood nationwide, especially in rural areas, which requires strengthening transportation networks and linkages between blood banks. Proper planning and coordination of production, demand estimation, and the blood supply chain are needed.

1. BLOOD TRANSFUSION SERVICES
LOGISTICS AND FREIGHT MANAGEMENT
Submitted By:
Megha Kashyap
SPA/NS/TP/692
2nd Year, Third semester

2. • Karl Landsteiner’s experiment revealed A, B and O group in human blood.
• Dr. Hustin’s use of sodium citrate removed the problems of coagulation of blood.
• Blood transfusion was used during the first world war
1616, 1665
1818, 1874,
1875
• William Harvey discovered that blood has a flow inside the animal body
• Richard Lower succeeded in saving life of a dog by transfusing another “dog’s” blood in it.
• The first recorded blood transfusion into vein or artery took place in France in 1667 and was unsuccessful
• The Pope banned any kind of experiment on blood.
• The first mobile blood bank was set up in the 1930s during the Spanish civil war.
• World’s first hospital blood bank was established on March 15, in Cook County Hospital of Chicago, U.S.A.
• India’s first blood bank was set up in the School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkatta (Calcutta) by Sir Upendranath
Brahmachari, Blood collecting bottles and also the collection quantity per unit was specified.
• Dr. Gibson found out the process of storing blood upto 28 days,
• 1996-Supreme Court’s judgment on blood transfusion and blood banking in India; as a result of which National
Blood Transfusion Council and State Blood Transfusion Councils are established.
• World Health Day on 7th April 2000 was celebrated with, “Safe blood starts with me” as the slogan of the year
• 6. 5 million blood units are collected, every year, in India..
HISTORY OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION
1667, 1668
• Dr. James Blund was successful in saving a man’s life by direct transfusion from another man.
• William Highmore first suggested Autologous transfusion.
• Karl Landsteiner was first to notice that just any man’s blood cannot be transfused to another.
1901-1918
1930-1941
1957-2001

3. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
• Millions of patients requiring transfusion do not have timely access to safe
blood, and there is a major imbalance between developing and industrialized
countries in access to safe blood (WHO, 2009).
• Even if sufficient blood is available, many are exposed to avoidable, life-
threatening risks through the transfusion of unsafe blood.
• It is also imperative to optimize blood usage, develop quality systems in
the transfusion chain, strengthen the workforce, adopt new developments,
and build effective partnerships(WHO, 2008)
• Blood Transfusion Service (BTS) is an essential part of modern health care system without which medical care is impossible
(Pal, Kar, Zaman, & Pal, 2011). Adequate measures to ensure blood safety play a major role in preventing the
transmission of HIV, Hepatitis and other bloodborne pathogens in health care settings.
Need of blood transfusion services
Agencies involved for
blood transfusion
services National AIDS
Control Organisation
The National Blood
Transfusion Council (NBTC)

4. INTRODUCTION
Transportation & Storing of Blood
Logistics
Process of planning and controlling the efficient, cost effective flow and
storage of raw material, in-process inventory, finished goods and
related information from point of origin to point of consumptions for the
purpose of conformity to customer requirement.
The ‘Blood cold Chain’ is the system for storing & transporting blood &
blood components so that they are kept at the correct temperature at all
times from collection from donor to administration to the patient. Any
break in the blood cold chain increase the dangers for the recipients of
blood products.
Source:

5. • The acquisition, scheduling and management of the facilities/assets, personal and
materials to support and sustain a service operation or business.
• Blood transfusion is an essential part of modern health care.
• The ‘Blood cold Chain’ is the systematic process for safe storage & transportation of
blood & blood components so that they are kept at the correct temperature at all
times from blood collection from a donor to administration of blood to a patient in
need of transfusion.
Blood Components Prior to Transfusion
Sub-division
of
Logistics Service
logistics
Military
logistics
Event
logistics
Business
logistics
Blood bank refrigerators ,Plasma freezers, platelet agitator cum incubators, blood
transport boxes are the blood cold equipment's used for storage of blood and
components
INTRODUCTION
Blood Transfusion service logistics

6. GUIDELINES OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION SERVICES
GUIDELINE BY NATIONAL BLOOD TRANSFUSION COUNCIL
• The Blood Bank or Blood Transfusion Service should have its own constitution, which defines the responsibility and authority
of the management.
• The blood bank should function under the direction of a licensed physician qualified by training and by experience as
Transfusion Medicine Specialist.
• The blood banks and transfusion services should aim to accept blood from only voluntary non-remunerated safe blood
donors and to do away with the high risk donors and blood sellers.
• TRANSPORTATION Whole blood, red cell concentrate, should be transported in a manner that will maintain a maximum
temperature of 100C ± 20C. Platelet/ granulocyte concentrate stored and transported at 220C ± 20C.
• Components stored frozen should be transported in a manner to maintain them frozen. When these are issued for
transfusion, these should be thawed at 370C prior to issue. The temperature during transport should be monitored.
• Blood should be accepted only from voluntary, non-remunerated, low risk, safe and healthy donors.
• Donors should be between the age of 18 and 65 years.
• Blood collection from donors weighing 45-55 Kg should be 350 ml blood and from those weighing 55 Kg and above should
be 450 ml.

7. SUPPLY CHAIN OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION SERVICES

8. TRANSPORTATION OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION SERVICES
Blood Transfusion service logistics

9. TRANSPORTATION OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION SERVICES
Blood Transfusion service logistics

10. VALUE CHAIN OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION SERVICES

11. STRUCTURE OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION SERVICES TRANSPORTATION MODES

12. BB=BLOOD
BANK
Percentage of voluntary blood donation by state (Non-NACO)
Percentage of voluntary blood donation by state (NACO)
• The annual requirement of blood for the country is
estimated at 12.8 million units of blood based on the
WHO norm of 1% of population, of which NACO
supported blood banks have collected 63.85 Lakh units
in 2015-16.
• 79% of this was through voluntary non remunerated
blood donation. 69% of blood collected in NACO
supported component separation units is separated into
components.
PRODUCTION & DEMAND

13. ACCESSBILITY ISSUES FOR BLOOD TRANSFUSION SERVICES
• Access to safe blood continues to be limited especially
in rural areas of states like UP, Uttarakhand,
Jharkhand, Bihar, Chhattisgarh and North East.
• This issue is pertinent and requires resolution through
policy reforms, networking and regional coordination
of blood transfusion services & strengthening linkages
with NHM.
• There are 77 districts, where there is no Blood Bank.
States set up Blood Storage centers in these districts or
provide linkage to nearest blood bank in a
neighboring district to cater to blood needs with the
support from NHM.
• Blood needs to be transported under proper cold
chain maintenance from the linked mother blood bank
to the Blood Storage Centre so this process required
refrigerated Blood Transportation Vans.
Factors contributing to Lack of access to safe blood and blood products in India

14. CRITICAL REVIEW OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION SERVICES
1.Required Enhanced blood access through a well networked centrally coordinated, efficient and self sufficient
blood transfusion service.
2.A modal predicts that India has donations at a rate of only 8.2 donations per 1,000 people.
3.During transport, frozen components must be maintained at or below the required storage temperature.
4.There is an essential need to make efficient use of limited resources in the health care especially perishable
products such as blood supply chain.
5.The quantum of blood needed to cater to the entire population encompassing all specialties is estimated at 26.5
million units (95% CI; 18.0-38.4), of which medicine accounts for 39.9% of all the need followed by surgery
(25%), obstetrics and gynecology (O&G) (13.8%) and pediatrics (21.3%)
6.Assessing blood needs and requirements of the country required transportation network plan.
Demand estimation

15. REFERENCES
• National Blood Transfusion council website. National Blood Transfusion Council (NBTC) - MoHFW, India (naco.gov.in)
• NATIONAL AIDS CONTROL ORGANISATION website: http://naco.gov.in/blood-transfusion-services
• A Report on the “Assessment of Blood Banks in India, 2016
• Rapid Situation Assessment of Blood Transfusion Services in India, 2014
• The Blood Cold Chain, WHO report
• Overview of blood components and their preparation (nih.gov)

16. BLOOD TRANSFUSION SERVICES
LOGISTICS AND FREIGHT MANAGEMENT
Submitted By:
Megha Kashyap
SPA/NS/TP/692
THANKYOU