This document discusses blood transfusion, which is a procedure where a patient receives blood products through an intravenous line. Blood transfusion involves introducing blood components into the circulatory system from one person to another. It is done to replace blood lost from surgery, injury, or illness. The document outlines the different blood types, potential reasons for transfusion, risks and complications, and components that are transfused.

2.  It is a procedure in which a patient receives a blood
product through an intravenous line.
 It is the introduction of blood components into the
venous circulation.
 Process of transferring blood-based products from one
person into the circulatory system of another.

4.  To replace blood lost during surgery or a serious injury.
 To restore oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.
 To provide plasma factors to prevent or treat bleeding.
 Done if patient’s body is not capable of making blood
properly because of an illness.

5.  Major injuries after an accident or disaster.
 Surgery on an organ such as liver and the heart.
 Severe Anemia
 Bleeding such as Haemophilia and
Thrombocytopenia.

7.  Each person has one of the following blood
types: A, B, AB, or O.
 O - can be given to anyone but can only receive
O.
 AB – can receive any type but can only be given
to AB.
 Every person’s blood is either Rh-positive or
Rh-negative.

8.  Type O blood is called the universal donor.
 People with type AB blood are called universal
recipients.
 People with Rh-positive blood can get Rh-
positive or Rh-negative blood. But people
with Rh-negative blood should get only Rh-
negative blood.

9.  Before a blood transfusion, a technician tests
the patient’s blood to find out what blood type
they have (A, B, AB, or O and Rh-positive or
Rh-negative).
 Some patients may have allergic reaction even
when the blood given does work their own
blood type.

10.  A needle is used to insert an intravenous (IV) line
into a blood vessel. Through this line, the blood is
transfused. The procedure usually takes one to four
hours.
 During the BT, carefully watch the patient,
especially for the first 15 minutes. This is when bad
reactions are most likely to occur.
 After a BT, vital signs are checked (temp., BP, RR, and
HR).
 Follow-up blood tests may be necessary to show how
the body is reacting to the transfusion.

11.  Hemolytic Reaction – incompatibility between client’s
bloods and donor’s blood.
Clinical signs:
Chills, fever, headache, backache, dyspnea, cyanosis,
chest pain, tachycardia, hypotension.
 Febrile Reaction – sensitivity of the client’s blood to
white blood cells, platelets, or plasma proteins.
Clinical signs:
Fever, chills, warm, and flushed skin, headache, anxiety,
muscle pain.
 Allergic Reaction (mild)
Clinical signs:
Flushing, itching, urticaria, bronchial wheezing.

12.  Allergic Reaction (Severe)
Clinical Signs:
Dyspnea, chest pain, circulatory collapse, cardiac arrest.
 Circulatory Overload – blood administered faster than
the circulation can accommodate.
Clinical signs:
Cough, dyspnea, crackles (rales), distended neck veins,
tachycardia, hypertension.
 Sepsis – contaminated blood administered.
Clinical Signs:
High fever, vomiting, diarrhea, hypotension.

13.  Components of the blood which are collected from a
donor for us in blood transfusion.