Pulmonary Edema
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The document describes pulmonary edema and congestive heart failure. Pulmonary edema is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the lungs, causing anxiety, suffocation, pale skin, and noisy breathing. Diagnosis involves lung auscultation and chest x-ray. Treatment includes oxygen, diuretics, morphine, and positioning the patient. Congestive heart failure occurs when the heart cannot supply enough oxygen to tissues, causing hypoxia, low blood pressure, crackles, and decreased urine output. It is diagnosed using a pulmonary artery catheter and treated with vasodilators, diuretics, inotropic medications, and balloon pumps while monitoring the patient's condition.
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Pulmonary edema by Nadia Sarwar
Pulmonary edema is a condition where fluid builds up in the lungs, making breathing difficult. It is usually caused by issues with the heart like a heart attack or valve problems that back fluid up into the lungs. Symptoms include extreme shortness of breath, anxiety, coughing, and pale skin. Diagnosis involves listening to the chest, chest x-rays, and echocardiograms. Treatment requires immediate hospitalization for oxygen, diuretics to remove fluid, heart medications, and treating the underlying heart condition. Pulmonary edema can be life-threatening but is often curable with prompt treatment and managing the long-term heart disorder.
Pulmonaryedema 160624071007
Pulmonary edema is an abnormal buildup of fluid in the lungs that causes shortness of breath. It occurs when fluid leaks into the tiny air sacs (alveoli) and spaces around the alveoli in the lungs. Pulmonary edema can be caused by issues with the heart like heart failure or heart attack that increase blood pressure in the lungs. Symptoms include cough, difficulty breathing, and wheezing. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause, giving oxygen, diuretics to remove fluid, and in severe cases, use of a ventilator.
Management of acute pulmonary edema
Clinical Presentation on Management of Acute Pulmonary Edema for the Department of Internal Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile Ife.
Pulmonary edema
This document provides an overview of pulmonary edema, including its definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, classifications, causes, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. Pulmonary edema is fluid accumulation in the lungs caused by increased fluid filtration from pulmonary capillaries into lung tissue. It can be cardiogenic, caused by left ventricular failure which increases hydrostatic pressure, or non-cardiogenic, caused by altered capillary permeability independent of cardiac issues. Symptoms include shortness of breath, cough, and hypoxemia. Treatment focuses on supporting oxygenation, reducing preload and afterload on the heart, and addressing any underlying conditions.
Acute pulmonary edema
This document summarizes a medical student tutorial session on acute dyspnea. It discusses the causes, presentation, diagnosis and management of pulmonary edema. Pulmonary edema can be either cardiogenic or non-cardiogenic in origin, depending on factors that increase capillary hydrostatic pressure or permeability. The history, physical exam, chest x-ray and ECG are important for determining the underlying cause and guiding treatment, which involves oxygen, diuretics, afterload reduction and treating the root cause. Immediate treatment should begin before completing diagnostic tests.
Pulmonary edema
Pulmonary edema is an abnormal buildup of fluid in the lungs causing shortness of breath. It can be caused by conditions affecting the heart like heart failure, heart attack, or heart valve problems. Symptoms include cough, trouble breathing, and anxiety. Diagnosis involves listening to the lungs, blood tests, chest x-ray, and echocardiogram. Treatment is focused on relieving symptoms like giving oxygen, using diuretics to remove fluid, and treating the underlying cause. Nursing care focuses on monitoring the patient, administering medications, educating on treatment and preventing future episodes.
Sinus tachycardia
Sinus tachycardia is characterized by a heart rate over 100 beats per minute originating from the sinus node. It can be a normal response to exercise or stress or indicate underlying conditions like heart failure. Symptoms may occur if the heart rate is very fast or the patient has heart disease. Treatment involves addressing the underlying cause and reducing stress or anxiety.
nursing care on pulmonary edema
Pulmonary edema is an accumulation of fluid in the lungs that can be either cardiogenic (heart-related) or non-cardiogenic in origin. Cardiogenic pulmonary edema is caused by heart damage or dysfunction leading to inadequate circulation, while non-cardiogenic is caused by toxic inhalation, aspiration, transfusions or infection. Symptoms include cough, difficulty breathing, anxiety and frothy sputum. Treatment involves oxygen, diuretics to reduce fluid, morphine for anxiety, positioning the patient upright, and treating the underlying cause. Nurses monitor vital signs closely, administer treatments, educate the patient, and assess for complications of pulmonary edema and its management.
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Pulmonary edema by Nadia Sarwar
Pulmonary edema is a condition where fluid builds up in the lungs, making breathing difficult. It is usually caused by issues with the heart like a heart attack or valve problems that back fluid up into the lungs. Symptoms include extreme shortness of breath, anxiety, coughing, and pale skin. Diagnosis involves listening to the chest, chest x-rays, and echocardiograms. Treatment requires immediate hospitalization for oxygen, diuretics to remove fluid, heart medications, and treating the underlying heart condition. Pulmonary edema can be life-threatening but is often curable with prompt treatment and managing the long-term heart disorder.
Pulmonaryedema 160624071007
Pulmonary edema is an abnormal buildup of fluid in the lungs that causes shortness of breath. It occurs when fluid leaks into the tiny air sacs (alveoli) and spaces around the alveoli in the lungs. Pulmonary edema can be caused by issues with the heart like heart failure or heart attack that increase blood pressure in the lungs. Symptoms include cough, difficulty breathing, and wheezing. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause, giving oxygen, diuretics to remove fluid, and in severe cases, use of a ventilator.
Management of acute pulmonary edema
Clinical Presentation on Management of Acute Pulmonary Edema for the Department of Internal Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile Ife.
Pulmonary edema
This document provides an overview of pulmonary edema, including its definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, classifications, causes, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. Pulmonary edema is fluid accumulation in the lungs caused by increased fluid filtration from pulmonary capillaries into lung tissue. It can be cardiogenic, caused by left ventricular failure which increases hydrostatic pressure, or non-cardiogenic, caused by altered capillary permeability independent of cardiac issues. Symptoms include shortness of breath, cough, and hypoxemia. Treatment focuses on supporting oxygenation, reducing preload and afterload on the heart, and addressing any underlying conditions.
Acute pulmonary edema
This document summarizes a medical student tutorial session on acute dyspnea. It discusses the causes, presentation, diagnosis and management of pulmonary edema. Pulmonary edema can be either cardiogenic or non-cardiogenic in origin, depending on factors that increase capillary hydrostatic pressure or permeability. The history, physical exam, chest x-ray and ECG are important for determining the underlying cause and guiding treatment, which involves oxygen, diuretics, afterload reduction and treating the root cause. Immediate treatment should begin before completing diagnostic tests.
Pulmonary edema
Pulmonary edema is an abnormal buildup of fluid in the lungs causing shortness of breath. It can be caused by conditions affecting the heart like heart failure, heart attack, or heart valve problems. Symptoms include cough, trouble breathing, and anxiety. Diagnosis involves listening to the lungs, blood tests, chest x-ray, and echocardiogram. Treatment is focused on relieving symptoms like giving oxygen, using diuretics to remove fluid, and treating the underlying cause. Nursing care focuses on monitoring the patient, administering medications, educating on treatment and preventing future episodes.
Sinus tachycardia
Sinus tachycardia is characterized by a heart rate over 100 beats per minute originating from the sinus node. It can be a normal response to exercise or stress or indicate underlying conditions like heart failure. Symptoms may occur if the heart rate is very fast or the patient has heart disease. Treatment involves addressing the underlying cause and reducing stress or anxiety.
nursing care on pulmonary edema
Pulmonary edema is an accumulation of fluid in the lungs that can be either cardiogenic (heart-related) or non-cardiogenic in origin. Cardiogenic pulmonary edema is caused by heart damage or dysfunction leading to inadequate circulation, while non-cardiogenic is caused by toxic inhalation, aspiration, transfusions or infection. Symptoms include cough, difficulty breathing, anxiety and frothy sputum. Treatment involves oxygen, diuretics to reduce fluid, morphine for anxiety, positioning the patient upright, and treating the underlying cause. Nurses monitor vital signs closely, administer treatments, educate the patient, and assess for complications of pulmonary edema and its management.
Pulmonary edema
Pulmonary edema is the accumulation of fluid in the lungs, which makes breathing difficult. It occurs when fluid leaks into the tiny air sacs in the lungs called alveoli. This fluid buildup is usually due to heart failure or conditions that increase blood pressure in the lungs. Common symptoms include shortness of breath, cough, and wheezing. Diagnosis involves listening to the chest, chest x-rays, and echocardiograms. Treatment focuses on reducing fluid buildup through diuretics, oxygen therapy, and treating the underlying cause.
Pulmonary edema & Management
Pulmonary Oedema is accumulation of fluid in lungs. It can be due to cardiogenic or non-cardiogenic causes. This presentation was a class presentation and discussed its management alongwith diagnosis.
Pulmonary Oedema - Pathophysiology - Approach & Management
Pulmonary edema is often caused by congestive heart failure. When the heart is not able to pump efficiently, blood can back up into the veins that take blood through the lungs. As the pressure in these blood vessels increases, fluid is pushed into the air spaces (alveoli) in the lungs.
Pleural effusion
Pleural effusion, sometimes referred to as “water on the lungs,” is the build-up of excess fluid between the layers of the pleura outside the lungs. The pleura are thin membranes that line the lungs and the inside of the chest cavity and act to lubricate and facilitate breathing.
Acute coronary syndrome
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of death in India. Atherosclerosis underlies most CAD cases. Unstable angina and NSTEMI are types of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) caused by a reduction in oxygen supply to the heart. The clinical presentation of ACS can include chest pain and other symptoms. Diagnosis involves ECG, cardiac biomarkers, and risk stratification. Treatment focuses on anticoagulation, antiplatelet therapy, and revascularization. Myocardial infarction (MI or heart attack) occurs when an atherosclerotic plaque ruptures completely blocking a coronary artery. This leads to necrosis of heart muscle cells. Diagnosis of MI requires specific ECG changes and elevated cardiac
Acute pulmonary edema
This document discusses the case of a 62-year-old man presenting with acute dyspnea. On examination, the patient is pale, sweaty, coughing pink sputum, and in respiratory distress. His pulse is 140 BPM, respiratory rate is 30, and oxygen saturation is 85%. The document outlines potential causes of acute dyspnea including pulmonary edema and provides guidance on evaluating, diagnosing, and initially managing such a patient. Key factors to consider include the patient's medical history, signs of heart failure on examination, and portable chest x-ray findings suggestive of pulmonary edema. The goals of treatment are to place the patient in a sitting position, provide high-flow oxygen, administer diuretics and opioids,
Pulmonary edema roge ppt (1)
Pulmonary edema is the accumulation of fluid in the interstitium and alveoli of the lungs. It can be caused by conditions that increase hydrostatic pressure or decrease oncotic pressure leading to fluid movement from capillaries into lung tissue. The main types are cardiogenic pulmonary edema from heart failure or damage and non-cardiogenic edema from toxic inhalation or infections. Symptoms range from shortness of breath to cough with frothy sputum. Diagnosis involves physical exam, chest x-ray, and tests like ABG analysis and echocardiogram. Treatment focuses on oxygen therapy, positioning, diuretics, and vasodilators to reduce pulmonary congestion.
Nursing management patient with Myocardial infraction
1) The document discusses nursing management of patients experiencing myocardial infarction (MI or heart attack).
2) MI occurs when an area of the heart muscle is permanently damaged due to reduced blood flow in a coronary artery, usually caused by a ruptured atherosclerotic plaque blocking the artery.
3) Nursing management of MI focuses on minimizing damage to heart muscle, preserving heart function, preventing complications, and educating patients on risk factor modification and self-care post-MI.
Thoracentesis
Thoracentesis (thor-a-sen-tee-sis) is a procedure that is done to remove a sample of fluid from around the lung.
The lung is covered with a tissue called the pleura. The inside of the chest is also lined with pleura.
The space between these two areas is called the pleural space.
This space normally contains just a thin layer of fluid, however, some conditions such as pneumonia, some types of cancer, or congestive heart failure may cause excessive fluid to develop (pleural effusion).
Thoracentesis, also known as pleural fluid analysis, is a procedure in which a needle is inserted through the back of the chest wall into the pleural space (a space that exists between the two lungs and the anterior chest wall) to remove fluid or air.
Pleural fluid analysis is the microscopic and chemical lab analysis of the fluid obtained during thoracentesis.
IndDiagnostic: determination of pleural effusion etiology (e.g. transudative versus exudative) usually requires the removal of 50 to 100mL of pleural fluid for laboratory studies. Most new effusions require diagnostic thoracentesis, an exception being a new effusion with a clear clinical diagnosis (e.g. CHF) with no evidence for superimposed pleural space infection
Therapeutic: reduce dyspnea and respiratory compromise in patients with large pleural effusions. This is typically achieved by removing a much larger volume of fluid compared to the diagnostic thoracentesis
ications
Cardiogenic shock : Medical Surgical Nursing
This
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about what you should know while caring for a client with Cardiogenic
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Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
This document discusses acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). It begins with an introduction and definition of ARDS. ARDS is an acute respiratory failure where the alveolar capillary membrane becomes damaged and more permeable, resulting in hypoxemia. The document then covers the etiology and risk factors of ARDS, which can be direct lung injury from things like pneumonia or indirect injury from sepsis. The pathophysiology of ARDS is explained through a schematic. Clinical manifestations like dyspnea and hypoxemia are outlined. Diagnostic evaluations and potential complications of ARDS are also reviewed. The document concludes with discussions of the medical management of ARDS including mechanical ventilation support, settings, modes of ventilation and use of PEE
Cardiac tamponade
Cardiac tamponade occurs when fluid accumulates in the pericardium and compresses the heart, restricting blood flow. It has an incidence of about 2 in 10,000 people. Causes include aortic aneurysm, cancer, heart attack, infection, and other conditions. Symptoms include low blood pressure, distended neck veins, muffled heart sounds (Beck's triad). Diagnosis involves echocardiogram, x-rays, and other imaging tests. Treatment focuses on draining fluid via pericardiocentesis and supporting blood pressure/heart function. Nursing care monitors symptoms, vital signs, and educates the patient.
ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome) ppt SlideShare
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) occurs when fluid builds up in the tiny, elastic air sacs (alveoli) in your lungs. The fluid keeps your lungs from filling with enough air, which means less oxygen reaches your bloodstream. This deprives your organs of the oxygen they need to function.
Congestive cardiac Failure
1) Congestive heart failure results from structural or functional abnormalities that impair the heart's ability to pump or fill with blood adequately.
2) As a result, the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs, leading to a buildup of fluid in the lungs or tissues.
3) Treatment focuses on lifestyle modifications, medications such as diuretics, ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, and device-based therapies as needed to manage symptoms and improve outcomes.
Management of Pulmonary Edema 2014
Pulmonary edema is excess fluid in the lungs that can be cardiogenic (heart-related) or non-cardiogenic. Cardiogenic pulmonary edema is caused by high pressures in the lungs from heart issues. Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema can result from lung injury, infection, or high altitudes. Symptoms include shortness of breath, cough, and crackles in the lungs. Treatment focuses on oxygen, reducing pressures on the heart, and supporting breathing. Outcomes depend on the underlying cause but respiratory failure and death are possible complications if not properly managed.
Cardiac tamponade
Cardiac tamponade is a serious medical condition where blood or fluid fills the space between the sac surrounding the heart (pericardium), putting extreme pressure on the heart and preventing it from filling with blood properly. This can lead to organ failure, shock, and even death if not treated. Causes include infectious diseases, malignancies, anticoagulation medications, and connective tissue diseases. Symptoms include chest pain, difficulty breathing, fainting, and pale/gray skin color. Diagnosis involves physical exam, imaging like echocardiograms, and lab tests. Treatment consists of oxygen, fluids, medications, and procedures to drain excess fluid from the pericardial space.
Pulmonary edema
Pulmonary edema is fluid accumulation in the lungs caused by fluid leaking from blood vessels into the lung tissue and air spaces. It can be caused by issues that increase pressure in the blood vessels of the lungs like heart failure, or by problems that damage the blood vessel walls. Symptoms include shortness of breath, cough, and anxiety. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but aims to reduce fluid buildup and support breathing. Differentiating cardiogenic from non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema involves considering medical history, symptoms, physical exam findings, and chest imaging results.
ABG
1. Arterial blood gas analysis involves drawing an arterial blood sample to measure pH, PCO2, PO2, and HCO3 levels. It is used to diagnose acid-base imbalances and respiratory disorders.
2. Key steps in analyzing an ABG result include determining if the pH is acidic or alkaline, identifying the primary disorder, assessing the degree of compensation, and calculating anion and delta gaps if metabolic acidosis is present.
3. Common causes of acid-base imbalances include respiratory acidosis/alkalosis from lung disease and metabolic acidosis/alkalosis involving the kidneys. Mixed disorders with both respiratory and metabolic components can also occur.
Cardiac emergency
This document discusses several cardiac emergencies including myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, congestive cardiac failure, cardiac arrest, cardiac tamponade, and cardiogenic shock. For each emergency, it outlines the causes and management approaches. Myocardial infarction is caused by decreased blood flow to the heart and is managed through medication, procedures like angioplasty and bypass surgery, or lifestyle changes. Angina pectoris causes chest pain and is treated with nitrates, antiplatelets, beta blockers, or procedures to restore blood flow. Congestive cardiac failure results from an underlying heart problem and its treatment involves ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, diuretics, or surgery.
Cor pulmonale - october'18
Cor pulmonale is right ventricular heart failure caused by lung disease that leads to pulmonary hypertension. The most common cause is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It can be acute or chronic. Treatment focuses on managing the underlying lung condition, treating pulmonary hypertension with medications, diuretics for volume overload, anticoagulation for those at high risk of clots, and oxygen therapy. Prognosis depends on the specific lung disease, with cor pulmonale due to conditions like COPD generally having a poorer long term outlook.
SHOCK.pptx bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
Cardiogenic shock is a life-threatening condition where the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It is usually caused by heart muscle damage from a myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, or other acute cardiac conditions. Key features include low blood pressure, rapid heart rate, impaired thinking, and poor peripheral circulation. Treatment focuses on supporting heart function through inotropic drugs or devices, reducing workload on the heart, and treating any underlying causes.
Cardiogenic shock
Cardiogenic shock occurs when the heart is unable to pump sufficiently due to issues like a myocardial infarction. It leads to low blood flow and organ dysfunction. Symptoms include chest pain, breathing issues, and hypotension. Treatment focuses on optimizing oxygen delivery through ventilation, volume resuscitation, inotropes, and procedures like IABP or surgery if needed. Nursing care monitors for worsening and supports the patient through the condition.
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Pulmonary edema
Pulmonary edema is the accumulation of fluid in the lungs, which makes breathing difficult. It occurs when fluid leaks into the tiny air sacs in the lungs called alveoli. This fluid buildup is usually due to heart failure or conditions that increase blood pressure in the lungs. Common symptoms include shortness of breath, cough, and wheezing. Diagnosis involves listening to the chest, chest x-rays, and echocardiograms. Treatment focuses on reducing fluid buildup through diuretics, oxygen therapy, and treating the underlying cause.
Pulmonary edema & Management
Pulmonary Oedema is accumulation of fluid in lungs. It can be due to cardiogenic or non-cardiogenic causes. This presentation was a class presentation and discussed its management alongwith diagnosis.
Pulmonary Oedema - Pathophysiology - Approach & Management
Pulmonary edema is often caused by congestive heart failure. When the heart is not able to pump efficiently, blood can back up into the veins that take blood through the lungs. As the pressure in these blood vessels increases, fluid is pushed into the air spaces (alveoli) in the lungs.
Pleural effusion
Pleural effusion, sometimes referred to as “water on the lungs,” is the build-up of excess fluid between the layers of the pleura outside the lungs. The pleura are thin membranes that line the lungs and the inside of the chest cavity and act to lubricate and facilitate breathing.
Acute coronary syndrome
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of death in India. Atherosclerosis underlies most CAD cases. Unstable angina and NSTEMI are types of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) caused by a reduction in oxygen supply to the heart. The clinical presentation of ACS can include chest pain and other symptoms. Diagnosis involves ECG, cardiac biomarkers, and risk stratification. Treatment focuses on anticoagulation, antiplatelet therapy, and revascularization. Myocardial infarction (MI or heart attack) occurs when an atherosclerotic plaque ruptures completely blocking a coronary artery. This leads to necrosis of heart muscle cells. Diagnosis of MI requires specific ECG changes and elevated cardiac
Acute pulmonary edema
This document discusses the case of a 62-year-old man presenting with acute dyspnea. On examination, the patient is pale, sweaty, coughing pink sputum, and in respiratory distress. His pulse is 140 BPM, respiratory rate is 30, and oxygen saturation is 85%. The document outlines potential causes of acute dyspnea including pulmonary edema and provides guidance on evaluating, diagnosing, and initially managing such a patient. Key factors to consider include the patient's medical history, signs of heart failure on examination, and portable chest x-ray findings suggestive of pulmonary edema. The goals of treatment are to place the patient in a sitting position, provide high-flow oxygen, administer diuretics and opioids,
Pulmonary edema roge ppt (1)
Pulmonary edema is the accumulation of fluid in the interstitium and alveoli of the lungs. It can be caused by conditions that increase hydrostatic pressure or decrease oncotic pressure leading to fluid movement from capillaries into lung tissue. The main types are cardiogenic pulmonary edema from heart failure or damage and non-cardiogenic edema from toxic inhalation or infections. Symptoms range from shortness of breath to cough with frothy sputum. Diagnosis involves physical exam, chest x-ray, and tests like ABG analysis and echocardiogram. Treatment focuses on oxygen therapy, positioning, diuretics, and vasodilators to reduce pulmonary congestion.
Nursing management patient with Myocardial infraction
1) The document discusses nursing management of patients experiencing myocardial infarction (MI or heart attack).
2) MI occurs when an area of the heart muscle is permanently damaged due to reduced blood flow in a coronary artery, usually caused by a ruptured atherosclerotic plaque blocking the artery.
3) Nursing management of MI focuses on minimizing damage to heart muscle, preserving heart function, preventing complications, and educating patients on risk factor modification and self-care post-MI.
Thoracentesis
Thoracentesis (thor-a-sen-tee-sis) is a procedure that is done to remove a sample of fluid from around the lung.
The lung is covered with a tissue called the pleura. The inside of the chest is also lined with pleura.
The space between these two areas is called the pleural space.
This space normally contains just a thin layer of fluid, however, some conditions such as pneumonia, some types of cancer, or congestive heart failure may cause excessive fluid to develop (pleural effusion).
Thoracentesis, also known as pleural fluid analysis, is a procedure in which a needle is inserted through the back of the chest wall into the pleural space (a space that exists between the two lungs and the anterior chest wall) to remove fluid or air.
Pleural fluid analysis is the microscopic and chemical lab analysis of the fluid obtained during thoracentesis.
IndDiagnostic: determination of pleural effusion etiology (e.g. transudative versus exudative) usually requires the removal of 50 to 100mL of pleural fluid for laboratory studies. Most new effusions require diagnostic thoracentesis, an exception being a new effusion with a clear clinical diagnosis (e.g. CHF) with no evidence for superimposed pleural space infection
Therapeutic: reduce dyspnea and respiratory compromise in patients with large pleural effusions. This is typically achieved by removing a much larger volume of fluid compared to the diagnostic thoracentesis
ications
Cardiogenic shock : Medical Surgical Nursing
This
presentation is designed for Nursing students and it gives a brief
about what you should know while caring for a client with Cardiogenic
shock and also its prevention.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
This document discusses acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). It begins with an introduction and definition of ARDS. ARDS is an acute respiratory failure where the alveolar capillary membrane becomes damaged and more permeable, resulting in hypoxemia. The document then covers the etiology and risk factors of ARDS, which can be direct lung injury from things like pneumonia or indirect injury from sepsis. The pathophysiology of ARDS is explained through a schematic. Clinical manifestations like dyspnea and hypoxemia are outlined. Diagnostic evaluations and potential complications of ARDS are also reviewed. The document concludes with discussions of the medical management of ARDS including mechanical ventilation support, settings, modes of ventilation and use of PEE
Cardiac tamponade
Cardiac tamponade occurs when fluid accumulates in the pericardium and compresses the heart, restricting blood flow. It has an incidence of about 2 in 10,000 people. Causes include aortic aneurysm, cancer, heart attack, infection, and other conditions. Symptoms include low blood pressure, distended neck veins, muffled heart sounds (Beck's triad). Diagnosis involves echocardiogram, x-rays, and other imaging tests. Treatment focuses on draining fluid via pericardiocentesis and supporting blood pressure/heart function. Nursing care monitors symptoms, vital signs, and educates the patient.
ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome) ppt SlideShare
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) occurs when fluid builds up in the tiny, elastic air sacs (alveoli) in your lungs. The fluid keeps your lungs from filling with enough air, which means less oxygen reaches your bloodstream. This deprives your organs of the oxygen they need to function.
Congestive cardiac Failure
1) Congestive heart failure results from structural or functional abnormalities that impair the heart's ability to pump or fill with blood adequately.
2) As a result, the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs, leading to a buildup of fluid in the lungs or tissues.
3) Treatment focuses on lifestyle modifications, medications such as diuretics, ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, and device-based therapies as needed to manage symptoms and improve outcomes.
Management of Pulmonary Edema 2014
Pulmonary edema is excess fluid in the lungs that can be cardiogenic (heart-related) or non-cardiogenic. Cardiogenic pulmonary edema is caused by high pressures in the lungs from heart issues. Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema can result from lung injury, infection, or high altitudes. Symptoms include shortness of breath, cough, and crackles in the lungs. Treatment focuses on oxygen, reducing pressures on the heart, and supporting breathing. Outcomes depend on the underlying cause but respiratory failure and death are possible complications if not properly managed.
Cardiac tamponade
Cardiac tamponade is a serious medical condition where blood or fluid fills the space between the sac surrounding the heart (pericardium), putting extreme pressure on the heart and preventing it from filling with blood properly. This can lead to organ failure, shock, and even death if not treated. Causes include infectious diseases, malignancies, anticoagulation medications, and connective tissue diseases. Symptoms include chest pain, difficulty breathing, fainting, and pale/gray skin color. Diagnosis involves physical exam, imaging like echocardiograms, and lab tests. Treatment consists of oxygen, fluids, medications, and procedures to drain excess fluid from the pericardial space.
Pulmonary edema
Pulmonary edema is fluid accumulation in the lungs caused by fluid leaking from blood vessels into the lung tissue and air spaces. It can be caused by issues that increase pressure in the blood vessels of the lungs like heart failure, or by problems that damage the blood vessel walls. Symptoms include shortness of breath, cough, and anxiety. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but aims to reduce fluid buildup and support breathing. Differentiating cardiogenic from non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema involves considering medical history, symptoms, physical exam findings, and chest imaging results.
ABG
1. Arterial blood gas analysis involves drawing an arterial blood sample to measure pH, PCO2, PO2, and HCO3 levels. It is used to diagnose acid-base imbalances and respiratory disorders.
2. Key steps in analyzing an ABG result include determining if the pH is acidic or alkaline, identifying the primary disorder, assessing the degree of compensation, and calculating anion and delta gaps if metabolic acidosis is present.
3. Common causes of acid-base imbalances include respiratory acidosis/alkalosis from lung disease and metabolic acidosis/alkalosis involving the kidneys. Mixed disorders with both respiratory and metabolic components can also occur.
Cardiac emergency
This document discusses several cardiac emergencies including myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, congestive cardiac failure, cardiac arrest, cardiac tamponade, and cardiogenic shock. For each emergency, it outlines the causes and management approaches. Myocardial infarction is caused by decreased blood flow to the heart and is managed through medication, procedures like angioplasty and bypass surgery, or lifestyle changes. Angina pectoris causes chest pain and is treated with nitrates, antiplatelets, beta blockers, or procedures to restore blood flow. Congestive cardiac failure results from an underlying heart problem and its treatment involves ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, diuretics, or surgery.
Cor pulmonale - october'18
Cor pulmonale is right ventricular heart failure caused by lung disease that leads to pulmonary hypertension. The most common cause is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It can be acute or chronic. Treatment focuses on managing the underlying lung condition, treating pulmonary hypertension with medications, diuretics for volume overload, anticoagulation for those at high risk of clots, and oxygen therapy. Prognosis depends on the specific lung disease, with cor pulmonale due to conditions like COPD generally having a poorer long term outlook.
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Cardiogenic shock is a life-threatening condition where the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It is usually caused by heart muscle damage from a myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, or other acute cardiac conditions. Key features include low blood pressure, rapid heart rate, impaired thinking, and poor peripheral circulation. Treatment focuses on supporting heart function through inotropic drugs or devices, reducing workload on the heart, and treating any underlying causes.
Cardiogenic shock
Cardiogenic shock occurs when the heart is unable to pump sufficiently due to issues like a myocardial infarction. It leads to low blood flow and organ dysfunction. Symptoms include chest pain, breathing issues, and hypotension. Treatment focuses on optimizing oxygen delivery through ventilation, volume resuscitation, inotropes, and procedures like IABP or surgery if needed. Nursing care monitors for worsening and supports the patient through the condition.
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Shock is a medical emergency characterized by inadequate tissue perfusion leading to cellular dysfunction. It can be caused by issues related to blood volume, cardiac function, vasodilation, or obstruction of blood flow. The main goals in treatment are to restore circulating volume and tissue perfusion through intravenous fluids, blood products, vasopressors if needed, and treating the underlying cause. Early recognition and treatment are important to prevent multiple organ failure and death.
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Shock is a life-threatening condition where tissues do not receive adequate oxygen due to low blood flow. There are three stages of shock: compensatory, progressive, and refractory. Shock can be classified as hypovolemic, cardiogenic, neurogenic, anaphylactic, or septic depending on the cause. Treatment focuses on restoring adequate circulation through fluid resuscitation, vasopressors, or inotropes while also treating the underlying cause of shock.
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Cardiac tamponade is a condition where fluid accumulates in the pericardial sac, exerting pressure that obstructs blood flow into the heart. This compromises cardiac filling and output, destabilizing the patient hemodynamically. The pericardium normally contains a small amount of fluid but too much fluid leads to tamponade. Causes include trauma, cancer, surgery, and infection. Symptoms are chest pain, breathing difficulty, abnormal pulse and blood pressure, and decreased urine output. Diagnosis involves echocardiogram, CT, MRI and other tests. Emergency drainage of pericardial fluid is needed along with other supportive treatments.
(5) nursing care plans (ncp) for cardiogenic shock
The document provides information on cardiogenic shock, including its causes and nursing care plans. Cardiogenic shock is caused by the heart's inability to pump sufficiently due to impaired contractility. It is usually associated with conditions like myocardial infarction.
The nursing care plans for cardiogenic shock involve careful assessment, monitoring of vital signs and fluid status, and adjusting medications based on assessments. Five specific nursing care plans are outlined covering impaired gas exchange, decreased cardiac output, ineffective tissue perfusion, excess fluid volume, and anxiety. The plans describe potential signs and symptoms, desired outcomes, and nursing interventions with rationales.
Heart failure
This document provides an overview of heart failure (HF), also known as congestive heart failure. It defines HF as a state where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet metabolic demands, resulting in organ hypoperfusion. Common causes include cardiomyopathies, myocardial infarction, and ischemic heart disease. Symptoms include edema, shortness of breath, fatigue, and reduced exercise tolerance. Treatment focuses on reducing preload and afterload through diuretics, vasodilators, and renin-angiotensin system inhibitors to decrease workload on the heart.
Nusing Management of CHF (English) Symposia
Nusing Management of CHF(English) Symposia presented at Hôpital Sacré Coeur in Milot, Haiti.
CRUDEM’s Education Committee (a subcommittee of the Board of Directors) sponsors one-week medical symposia on specific medical topics, i.e. diabetes, infectious disease. The classes are held at Hôpital Sacré Coeur and doctors and nurses come from all over Haiti to attend.
Approach to dyspnea
This document provides an overview of the approach to dyspnea. It defines dyspnea and describes related terms like orthopnea. The mechanisms of orthopnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea are increased venous return when lying flat overwhelming the heart. Receptors involved in the perception of dyspnea are described. Common causes of acute and chronic dyspnea from cardiovascular, pulmonary, and other systems are listed. The approach involves assessing airway, breathing, vital signs, history, and focused physical exam. Key exam findings that can point to different diagnoses are outlined. Important investigations include spirometry, ABG, imaging, and ECG.
Cardiogenic Shock.pptx
Cardiogenic shock occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs due to systolic or diastolic dysfunction. It can be caused by myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias, or structural problems of the heart. Signs include tachycardia, hypotension, pulmonary congestion, and impaired tissue perfusion. Treatment focuses on restoring oxygen supply and demand balance through fluids, inotropes, vasodilators, and mechanical circulatory support if needed.
Shock Management
Shock is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the body is not getting enough blood flow. The Lack of blood flow means that the cells and organs do not get enough oxygen and nutrients to function properly. Multiple organs can suffer damage as a result
dyspnea-converted.pptx
This document discusses dyspnea (shortness of breath). It begins by defining dyspnea as a subjective sensation of breathing that can range from mild discomfort to feelings of suffocation. It is a sign of various disorders that generally indicate inadequate ventilation or insufficient oxygen in the blood. The document then covers the causes, history, physical exam findings, investigations and management of dyspnea.
pathogenesis_of_cardiac_symptoms_part1.pptx
Cardiac symptoms such as dyspnea, chest pain, palpitations, syncope, and cyanosis can arise from various cardiac pathologies. Dyspnea can be exertional, positional (orthopnea), paroxysmal, or acute pulmonary edema due to reduced vital capacity, exaggerated reflexes, lung congestion, edema, fatigue, or compression. Edema results from increased hydrostatic pressure and capillary permeability shifting fluid into tissues. Cyanosis can be central from reduced oxygen-carrying hemoglobin or peripheral from poor circulation. Palpitations reflect changes in heart rate, rhythm, or force and may involve irregular pulse or shortness of breath.
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Congestive heart failure is a condition where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It affects over 1.5 million people in the Philippines. There are several types depending on which side of the heart is affected. Common causes include heart attacks, high blood pressure, and cardiomyopathy. Symptoms vary depending on whether the left or right side is affected but may include shortness of breath, leg swelling, and fatigue. Treatment involves medications to remove fluid, lower blood pressure, and strengthen the heart muscle along with lifestyle changes like a low-sodium diet and exercise. With proper management, patients can often live productively for many years.
Mellss yr5 paeds breathing difficulties (congestive cardiac failure)
more towards approach of a child with breathing difficulties and a brief topic of congestive cardiac failure
Heart failure: Basic Cocepts
Heart failure occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It can develop when the heart muscle is damaged, such as from a myocardial infarction. There are two main types - left heart failure which causes blood to back up in the lungs, and right heart failure where blood backs up in the body. Symptoms depend on whether it is left or right heart failure, and include shortness of breath, fatigue, swelling, and coughing. Treatment focuses on reducing cardiac workload, increasing blood oxygen levels, and limiting fluid buildup through medications, oxygen therapy, and monitoring for arrhythmias.
Syncope
Syncope, or fainting, is defined as a transient loss of consciousness caused by a brief period of low blood flow to the brain. It has many potential causes including vasovagal, cardiac, and neurological factors. Common triggers for vasovagal syncope include pain, emotional stress, and standing for long periods. Symptoms progress from presyncope like dizziness to loss of consciousness during a syncopal episode. Treatment depends on the identified cause but generally involves lying the patient flat and monitoring their vital signs until recovery. Further cardiac workup may be needed to rule out serious arrhythmias or structural issues in some cases.
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SHOCK.pptx bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
SHOCK.pptx bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
(5) nursing care plans (ncp) for cardiogenic shock
(5) nursing care plans (ncp) for cardiogenic shock
Mellss yr5 paeds breathing difficulties (congestive cardiac failure)
Mellss yr5 paeds breathing difficulties (congestive cardiac failure)
More from Kathy Clavano
thromboembolism
Thromboembolism refers to the blocking of blood vessels by particles that have broken away from clots in the body. It is common in patients with cardiac disease or impaired circulation. Intracardiac thrombi, which can be detected by echocardiogram, are especially common in patients with atrial fibrillation. Pulmonary embolism occurs when a thrombus breaks off and travels to the lung, often from a deep vein thrombosis. It can be treated with anticoagulants or thrombolytics. Pericardial effusion involves a buildup of fluid in the sac around the heart, which can lead to cardiac tamponade if pressure increases and compresses the heart.
Management of patients with complications from heart diseases
This document discusses the management of patients with complications from heart disease. It begins by defining factors such as preload, afterload, and contractility that influence cardiac hemodynamics. Both noninvasive and invasive methods for assessing these factors are described, including measuring jugular venous distention, mean arterial blood pressure, and using a pulmonary artery catheter. Causes, clinical manifestations, and emergency management of cardiac arrest are also reviewed, along with medications commonly used in cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Heart failure
Heart failure is when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It can be caused by conditions that damage the heart like heart attacks or heart valve disorders. Left-sided heart failure causes symptoms like shortness of breath, cough, and fatigue due to fluid buildup in the lungs. Right-sided heart failure causes fluid buildup in the legs and abdomen due to the right ventricle failing. Both types are treated with medications like diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and beta-blockers to help the heart pump more effectively and relieve symptoms.
Blood & blood components
The document summarizes key components of the hematologic system. It describes that the hematologic system includes blood and bone marrow. Blood consists of plasma and three main cell types: erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes. Erythrocytes carry oxygen, leukocytes fight infection, and thrombocytes aid clotting. Bone marrow is the primary site of blood cell formation through hematopoiesis. Various factors influence blood cell production and recycling of iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid.
Blood transfusion
This document discusses blood transfusion, which is a procedure where a patient receives blood products through an intravenous line. Blood transfusion involves introducing blood components into the circulatory system from one person to another. It is done to replace blood lost from surgery, injury, or illness. The document outlines the different blood types, potential reasons for transfusion, risks and complications, and components that are transfused.
Population and demography
The document discusses key concepts in population and demography including:
1. Population refers to a collection of human beings that share characteristics that can be analyzed. Population growth rate measures the increase in a population over a period of time.
2. Demography is the statistical study of human populations and how they change over time due to factors like birth, death, migration, and aging.
3. Thomas Malthus' theory proposed that population increases faster than the food supply, pushing people to the verge of starvation. The demographic transition model shows populations transitioning through stages of high then low birth and death rates.
Sengstaken blakemore tube
The Sengstaken-Blakemore tube is a 3-lumen tube used to control bleeding from esophageal varices. It has balloons to inflate in the stomach and esophagus to apply pressure. It is inserted temporarily for up to 24 hours while more definitive treatments are arranged. The document provides details on inserting and using the tube, including measuring placement, inflating the balloons, checking placement with x-ray, and ongoing care and removal procedures.
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Management of patients with complications from heart diseases
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Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
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1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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Pulmonary Edema
- 2. Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the lungs. The fluid accumulate in the interstitial spaces or in the alveoli.
- 3. Anxiety and restless Feeling of suffocation Pale skin Distended neck veins Noisy breathing
- 4. Auscultation the lung fields Chest x-ray
- 6. Positioning the patient to promote circulation Providing psychological support Monitoring medications
- 8. Occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood to supply the amount of oxygen needed by the tissues
- 9. Hypoxia Low BP Rapid and weak pulse Cold and clammy skin Increased respiratory crackles Decreased urinary output
- 11. Vasodilators Diuretics Inotropic medications Intra- aortic balloon pump (IABP)
- 12. Observe the cardiac rhythm Monitor hemodynamic parameters Record fluid intake and urinary output