Blood pressure measurement
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You can learn about Pressure, Blood Pressure, Types of Pressure, Types of Blood Pressure, Systolic and Diastolic Pressure, Blood Pressure Measurement Methods, Indirect method of Blood pressure Measurement/Auscultator Method/Oscillometric Method, Sphymomanometer, Direct Method, Probes used in Direct BP Measurement, Measurement of systolic and diastolic Blood pressure
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Graphic record heart sound - Phonogram.
Recording the sounds connected with the pumping action of heart.
Sound from heart – phonocardiogram
Instrument to measure this – phonocardiograph
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1) It describes the basic anatomy and electrical conduction system of the heart.
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ecg machine
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Phonocardiography(PCG)
Graphic record heart sound - Phonogram.
Recording the sounds connected with the pumping action of heart.
Sound from heart – phonocardiogram
Instrument to measure this – phonocardiograph
Basic function – to pick up the different heart sound,filter the required and display.
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The document provides information about electrocardiograms (ECGs) including:
1) It describes the basic anatomy and electrical conduction system of the heart.
2) It explains what an ECG is and how it works by measuring the electrical signals produced by heart muscle depolarization and repolarization using electrodes placed on the body.
3) It details the 12-lead ECG system including the 10 wires attached to limbs and chest to measure electrical signals from different angles represented by 12 leads.
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The document describes the key components and functioning of an electrocardiograph (ECG) machine. It discusses the various functional blocks including the protection circuit, lead selector, calibration signal, preamplifier, isolation circuit, driven right leg circuit, driver amplifier, memory system, microcomputer, and recorder/printer. It explains what each block does, for example, the protection circuit protects the ECG from high voltages, the lead selector connects electrodes to leads, and the isolation circuit prevents electric shock. It also discusses problems that can occur like frequency distortion, saturation, ground loops, and interference from electric devices.
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A ventilator is a machine that mechanically moves breathable air in and out of the lungs to breathe for patients unable to do so on their own. There are different types of ventilators for various settings and patients, including transport ventilators for movement, ICU ventilators for greater control, and neonatal ventilators designed for preterm infants. Factors such as the patient's condition, diagnosis, lung compliance, and staff familiarity help determine which ventilator and mode is most appropriate for each individual patient.
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The document discusses an electromagnetic blood flow meter. It operates based on electromagnetic induction principles, inducing an EMF in blood flowing through a vessel perpendicular to a magnetic field. Electrodes placed across the vessel measure this induced EMF, which is proportional to blood velocity. The small EMF signal is amplified for measurement and low pass filtered to determine average blood flow rate. Advantages include a linear dynamic range and no mechanical limitations for measuring high and low blood flows.
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VIDEO LINK: https://youtu.be/sBG17ffSh40
Refer this link to get idea about instrumentation amplifier
https://youtu.be/-j8ePvHOuGk
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A pacemaker is a small device implanted in the chest or abdomen to control abnormal heart rhythms called arrhythmias by using electrical pulses to prompt the heart to beat at a normal rate. Pacemakers are used to treat slow or irregular heartbeats that can cause symptoms like fatigue, shortness of breath, or fainting. The pacemaker consists of a battery, generator, and wires that connect to the heart and monitor its electrical activity, sending pulses to regulate the heartbeat when needed.
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Ecg ppt
This document discusses the electrocardiogram (ECG) and the electrical activity of the heart. It provides information on how ECG is used to measure heart rate and detect any heart damage. The basics of heart anatomy and function are described, including the four chambers and pacemaking nodes. The key waves of the ECG are defined, such as the P, QRS, and T waves. Methods for detecting QRS complexes are outlined, including filtering, differentiation, and thresholding. Potential artifacts in ECG signals are also reviewed, such as noise, baseline wandering, and powerline interference.
Cardiac pacemaker
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Rupon bhowmik
dept of medical physics and biomedical engineering,gono university,Dhaka,Bangladesh
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Pulse oximetry is a noninvasive test that uses light to measure the oxygen saturation level in a person's blood. A clip-like probe is placed on the finger or earlobe and uses red and infrared light wavelengths absorbed differently by oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin to calculate the oxygen saturation percentage. This information helps healthcare providers determine if a patient needs supplemental oxygen or how well treatment is working. However, pulse oximetry has limitations as it does not measure other blood gas levels, ventilation, or oxygen metabolism and can be affected by factors like carbon monoxide, anemia, blood flow, and skin pigmentation.
Biosignal: ECG, EEG and EMG
Bioelectric potentials are generated at a cellular level and the source of these potentials is ionic in nature. A cell consists of an ionic conductor separated from the outside environment by a semipermeable membrane which acts as a selective ionic filter to the ions. This means that some ions can pass through the membrane freely where as others cannot do so. All living matter is composed of cells of different types.
This PPT describes the importance and generation of different biosignals
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This document discusses defibrillation and defibrillators. It describes how defibrillation works to convert ventricular fibrillation into a normal heart rhythm through electrical shock. It discusses the need for and types of defibrillators, including internal defibrillators like implantable cardioverter defibrillators and external defibrillators like automated external defibrillators. It also covers defibrillator components like electrodes and how the devices analyze heart rhythms and deliver electrical shocks to the heart when needed.
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You can learn about Function of Respiratoray System, Types of Respiration Rate Measurement Methods, Displacement Method, Thermistor Method, Impedance Pneumography, CO2 Method, Apnoea Detector, Block Diagram of Apnoea Detecto
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Transducers convert one form of energy into another. There are various types of transducers classified based on the energy conversion process, physical principles, and application. Key factors in choosing a transducer include the quantity to be measured, required accuracy, dynamic characteristics of the process, cost, and other performance characteristics. Common transducers used in medicine include those that utilize variable resistance, capacitance, inductance, piezoelectricity, thermistors, and thermocouples to measure parameters like pressure, temperature, displacement, and flow.
Isolation amplifier
Isolation amplifiers provide electrical isolation and safety barriers between input and output stages. They use transformer, optical, or capacitive isolation methods and isolated power supplies to break continuity while amplifying low-level signals. Common applications include medical equipment, industrial processes, and data acquisition where electrical isolation is needed to protect patients or eliminate noise.
medical electronics 5 module ppt
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Pulseoximeter and Plethysmography by Pandian M
Plethysmography is a technique that measures changes in volume in different areas of the body using blood pressure cuffs or other sensors attached to a machine called a plethysmograph. It is effective at detecting changes caused by blood flow and can help doctors determine if a patient has blood clots or calculate lung volume. The document describes the procedures for limb and lung plethysmography tests and how they are interpreted to assess conditions like blood clots or respiratory issues. Common uses of plethysmography are listed in clinical settings like operating rooms and ICUs.
Pulse oximeter
This document provides an overview of pulse oximetry. It begins with introductions and operating principles, explaining that pulse oximetry uses red and infrared light to measure oxygen saturation levels in the blood. It describes transmission and reflectance pulse oximetry techniques. The document outlines standards for oximeter equipment and discusses applications like monitoring oxygenation during anesthesia and advantages like accuracy and non-invasiveness. It also notes limitations such as inaccuracy in low perfusion and complications like failing to detect hypoventilation.
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VIDEO LINK: https://youtu.be/sBG17ffSh40
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The document discusses pulse rate measurement and factors that affect pulse. It describes how the pulse is the pressure wave felt when the heart contracts and can be measured at various points like the wrist. The pulse rate is affected by age, gender, exercise, medications, stress, fever, blood loss, and certain diseases. It also discusses different methods of measuring pulse like using a photoresistor over the finger in transmittance and reflectance methods.
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Signal conditioning unit
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Bio signal characteristics and recording modes
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
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