You can learn about Vital Signs of Patient,Types of Temperature measurement, Systematic body temperature measurement, Mercury Thermometer, Thermometer, Thermocouple, Thermistor, Resistance calculation formula, Surface Temperature / Skin Temperature measurement, Infrared Thermometer, Thermovision, Thermograph, Thermogram, Coding Task

1. BASICS OF BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATIONBASICS OF BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION
TEMPERATURE
MEASUREMENT

2. 2
Vital signs
Systematic temperature measurement
Thermometer
Thermocouple
Thermistor
Skin temperature measurement
InfraredThermometer

3. VITAL SIGNS OF PATIENT
• In patient the vital signs are body temperature, pulse, respirations, and blood
pressure.
• Recently, many agencies have designated pain as a fifth vital sign.
• These signs, which should be looked at together, are checked to monitor the
functions of the body.
• The signs reflect changes in function that otherwise might not be observed.
• It should be evaluated with reference to the client’s present and prior health
status, are compared to the client’s usual (if known) and accepted normal
standards.
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TEMPERATURE
MEASUREMENT

5. TYPES OFTEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
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1.
• SYSTEMATICTEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
2.
• SURFACETEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT

6. • It is the temperature of the internal
regions of the body.
• Usually the heat is generated by the
active tissues of the body and the heat is
lost by the body to the environment. But
temperature of the body is maintained
carefully.
• Normal mouth temperature is 37°C
• It is the skin temperature
• It is the function of the surface
circulation, environmental
temperature, air circulation from the
area from which the measurement is to
be taken.
• To obtain meaningful measurement in
cool ambient temperature
approximately 21 °C 6
SYSTEMATICTEMPERATURE SURFACETEMPERATURE

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1. SYSTEMATIC BODY
TEMPERATURE
MEASUREMENT

8. MERCURYTHERMOMETER
• Mercury thermometer was invented
by physicist Daniel Gabriel
Fahrenheit (1714).
• It consists of a bulb
containing mercury attached to
a glass tube of narrow diameter.
• The volume of mercury changes
slightly with temperature
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9. THERMOCOUPLE
▸ Thermoelectric device for measuring
temperature
▸ Consisting of two wires of different
metals connected at two points
▸ A voltage being developed between
the two junctions in proportion to
the temperature difference.
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10. THERMISTOR
• A thermistor is an inexpensive and easily obtainable temperature sensitive resistor.
• Working principle is, it’s resistance depends upon the temperature. When temperature
changes, the resistance of the thermistor changes in a predictable way.
• The benefits of using a thermistor is accuracy and stability.
• This is mostly preferred in biomedical field compared with thermocouple.
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+THERMAL RESISTOR

11. VARIOUS SHAPES OFTHERMISTOR
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12. Two types of thermistors:
• NegativeTemperatureCoefficient (NTC)
• PositiveTemperatureCoefficient (PTC).
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T R
T R

13. Resistance ofThermistor
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Where,
Rt1 - Resistance at temperature T1
Rt0 - Resistance at temperature T0
T1 - Temperature at which measurement is being made
T0 - Reference Temperature

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Problem in thermistor
• Self heating
Overcome by
• Using limited current during measurement
• Power dissipation of thermistor is to be maintained in milliwatts range to
overcome this problem.
• Thermistor probe should be chosen correctly based on resistance range and
sensitivity.

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16. Skin temperature measurement
• Skin temperature is the temperature of the
outermost surface of the body.
• It is not constant throughout the body.
• Normal human skin temperature on the trunk
of the body varies between 30 to 35°C
• Skin temperature is measured from specific
locations on the body and measured by small
flat thermistor probes taped to the skin.
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17. INFRAREDTHERMOMETER
• It is a device which has a ability to measure temperature
from a distance.
• By knowing the amount of infrared energy emitted by the
object and its emissivity, the object's temperature can often
be determined within a certain range of its actual
temperature.
• Infrared thermometers are a subset of devices known as
"thermal radiation thermometers".
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18. THERMOVISION
• This measurement and displaying technology therefore is suitable for non-
contact monitoring and controlling of processes
• With the help of thermovision the distribution of an object’s temperature also
becomes visible to the human eye.
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19. Thermography
• Infrared thermography (IRT), thermal imaging, and thermal video are examples of
infrared imaging science.
• Thermographic cameras usually detect radiation in the long infrared range of the
electromagnetic spectrum (roughly 9,000–14,000 nanometers or 9–14 µm) and produce
images of that radiation, called thermograms.
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20. • Thermography allows one to see variations in temperature.
• When viewed through a thermal imaging camera, warm objects stand out well against
cooler backgrounds
• Humans and other warm-blooded animals become easily visible against the
environment, day or night.
• As a result, thermography is particularly useful to the military and other users
of surveillance cameras.
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21. Task you can do . . .
• Use lung image data base
• Use Machine learning algorithms
• Detect corona disease
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CREATIVE THOUGHTS CAN CREATE A USEFUL PRODUCT
TO SOCIETY