An absolute eosinophil count is a blood test that measures the number of one type of white blood cells called eosinophils.
Eosinophils become active when you have certain allergic diseases, infections, and other medical conditions.
This presentation is focused on diagnostic utility of Red blood cell indices which will be very useful for undergraduate and postgraduate of medical field.
Estimation of serum triglycerides by Dr. TehmasTehmas Ahmad
Estimation of Serum Triglycerides, Practical demonstration lecture for 2nd year MBBS students of Bannu Medical College, Bannu. Lecture delivered on 13/03/2018
An absolute eosinophil count is a blood test that measures the number of one type of white blood cells called eosinophils.
Eosinophils become active when you have certain allergic diseases, infections, and other medical conditions.
This presentation is focused on diagnostic utility of Red blood cell indices which will be very useful for undergraduate and postgraduate of medical field.
Estimation of serum triglycerides by Dr. TehmasTehmas Ahmad
Estimation of Serum Triglycerides, Practical demonstration lecture for 2nd year MBBS students of Bannu Medical College, Bannu. Lecture delivered on 13/03/2018
Physicians working in the field of hematology are called hematologists. Initially, hematologists complete a four-year medical degree and this is followed by three or four years in an internship or residency program. Thereafter, they spend two or three more years learning how to diagnose and treat blood disorders.
Hematocrit (packed cell volume) is the ratio of the volume of red cells to that of the whole blood.
It indicates relative volume of red cells and plasma (e.g. in anemia red cells are reduced with corresponding reduction in the hematocrit)
Methods
Macromethod using Wintrobe tube
• Micromethod using capillary tube
• Automated analyse
The packed cell volume is a measurement of the proportion of blood that is made up of cells. The value is expressed as a percentage
Some Basics of Veterinary Haematology examination. Includes most significant parameters for clinical diagnostics of veterinary cases.
Composed and Presented by Tean Zaheer.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
HOT NEW PRODUCT! BIG SALES FAST SHIPPING NOW FROM CHINA!! EU KU DB BK substit...GL Anaacs
Contact us if you are interested:
Email / Skype : kefaya1771@gmail.com
Threema: PXHY5PDH
New BATCH Ku !!! MUCH IN DEMAND FAST SALE EVERY BATCH HAPPY GOOD EFFECT BIG BATCH !
Contact me on Threema or skype to start big business!!
Hot-sale products:
NEW HOT EUTYLONE WHITE CRYSTAL!!
5cl-adba precursor (semi finished )
5cl-adba raw materials
ADBB precursor (semi finished )
ADBB raw materials
APVP powder
5fadb/4f-adb
Jwh018 / Jwh210
Eutylone crystal
Protonitazene (hydrochloride) CAS: 119276-01-6
Flubrotizolam CAS: 57801-95-3
Metonitazene CAS: 14680-51-4
Payment terms: Western Union,MoneyGram,Bitcoin or USDT.
Deliver Time: Usually 7-15days
Shipping method: FedEx, TNT, DHL,UPS etc.Our deliveries are 100% safe, fast, reliable and discreet.
Samples will be sent for your evaluation!If you are interested in, please contact me, let's talk details.
We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
2. Objectives (CBC)
At the end of this lesson the students should be able
to:
1. Recognize the method used to measure the
different hematological values, and compare it
with the normal values.
2. Do the calculation of indices, their normal values
and their importance in diagnosis of different
types of anemia.
3. Aims of the Practical
1. Counting Red blood cells.
2. Counting White blood cells.
3. Determination of hemoglobin concentration.
4. Determination of packed cell volume (PCV)
hematocrit.
5. Calculation of red blood cell indices.
4. Complete Blood Count (CBC)
It is a test panel requested by a doctor or other medical
professional that gives information about the cells in a
patient's blood.
8. IMPROVED NEUBAUER’S SLIDE
** It is the name given to a thick glass slide.
In the centre of the slide, there is an
H- shaped groove. On the two sides of the
central horizontal bar, there are scales for
counting the blood cells.
** The depth of the scales is 1/10mm or
0.1mm.
9. The numbers
written on the chamber mean that the space between the
chamber and the cover slip is 0.100 mm and
that the smallest square on the grid has an area of 0.0025 mm2.
Clean
**The numbers
written on the chamber mean that the space between the
chamber and the cover slip is 0.100 mm and
that the smallest square on the grid has an area of 0.0025 mm2.
10. ** Each scale is 3mm wide
and 3mm long.
** The whole scale is
divided into 9 big
squares.
** Each square is 1mm
long and 1mm wide.
12. Differences Between RBC AND WBC
Pipette.
RBC pipette WBC pipette
1) It has a red bead It has a white
bead
2) It has graduations
upto mark 101
It has graduations
upto mark 11
3) Size of bulb is
larger
Size of bulb is
smaller
13. Thoma Pipet
• RBC
– Aspirate to 0.5 or 1.0
– Dilute to 101
– DF = 200 or 100
• WBC
– Aspirate to 0.5 or 1.0
– Dilute to 11
– DF = 20 or 10
• Discard volume of one (1) in
the stem
Thoma Pipet
18. Coulter Counter Principle
• It count and measure the size of the cells by
detecting and measuring electrical resistance when
a liquid pass through aperture.
• While passing the aperture, the cells impedes the
current and causes a measurable pulse.
• Number of pulses --> number of particles.
• Height of pulses --> volume of particles.
20. Diluent –Reagent
Is an isotonic electrolyte solution that:
- Dilute the whole blood sample
- Stabilize cell membrane for accurate counting and size
- Conduct aperture current
- Rinse instrument components between analysis
- Prevent duplicate cell counts
Lytic reagent
Lysis RBCs for WBCs count and hemoglobin
measurement
21. Calibrator Kit
Is an alternative to the whole blood reference method for
calibration
22. RBC, WBC cell count & HB
• 5ml of venous blood will be drawn in EDTA
anticoagulant tube.
• Diluted by the reagent I and used to count RBC.
• Lysing RBC using reagent II and used for counting
WBC and Hb.
25. Clinical applications
Low numbers of RBCs may indicate:
• Blood loss:
– Anemia (various types).
– Hemorrhage.
• Bone marrow failure (for example, from radiation,
toxin, fibrosis, tumor).
• Erythropoietin deficiency (secondary to renal
disease).
• Hemolysis (RBC destruction).
26. High numbers of RBCs may indicate:
• Low oxygen tension in the blood
– Congenital heart disease
– Pulmonary fibrosis
• Polycythemia vera.
• Dehydration (such as from severe diarrhea).
• Renal (kidney) disease with high erythropoietin
production.
27. High numbers of WBCs (Leucocytosis) may indicate:
• Infectious diseases.
• Inflammatory disease (such as rheumatoid arthritis or
allergy).
• Leukemia.
• Severe emotional or physical stress.
• Tissue damage (burns).
28. Low numbers of WBCs (leukopenia) may indicate:
• Bone marrow failure (for example, due to
infection, tumor or fibrosis).
• Presence of cytotoxic substance.
• Autoimmune/collagen-vascular diseases (such as
lupus erythematosus).
• Disease of the liver or spleen.
• Radiation exposure.
32. Packed Cell Volume (PCV)
Hematocrit
The ratio of packed blood cells volume to plasma.
33. Procedure
• Capillary blood obtained from pricking finger tip
after cleaning it with alcohol
• Fill a heparinized capillary tube, then seal one end by
plasticine.
• Centrifuge for 5 minutes to packed the cells at one
end of the tube leaving a clear plasma on top.
• Use the hematocrit reader to find the packed cell
volume.
36. Clinical applications
High hematocrit may indicate:
• Dehydration
– Burns
– Diarrhea
• Polycythemia Vera.
• Low oxygen tension (smoking, congenital heart
disease, living at high altitudes).
37. Low hematocrit may indicate:
• Anemia (various types).
• Blood loss (hemorrhage).
• Bone marrow failure (for example, due to radiation,
toxin, fibrosis, tumor).
• Hemolysis (RBC destruction) related to transfusion
reaction.
• Leukemia.
38. The calculation of Red Blood Indices
1. Mean cell volume (MCV)
– The average volume of red blood cell
– MCV = PCV x 10 = 88 + 10 m3 (fl)
RBC count
if the MCV above normal then RBCs is called macrocytes
RBCs.
● if the MCV less than normal , RBCs is called microcytic
RBCs.
39. •MCH less than lower limit of normal: hypochromic RBCs
•● MCH greater than upper limit of normal: hyperchromic RBCs
Dr Sitelbanat 2011
2. Mean cell hemoglobin (MCH)
The average weight of Hb in red cells
MCH = Hb x 10 = 29.5 + 2.5 pg
RBC count.
40. 3. Mean cell Hb concentration (MCHC)
– Concentration of Hb per 100 ml of RBC
– MCHC = Hb x 100 = 33 + 3 g/dl
PCV