This document summarizes key aspects of blood banking. It discusses the purpose of blood banking as collecting, typing, separating, storing, and preparing blood for transfusion. It outlines the major blood group systems including ABO and Rh, which are the most immunogenic. The document compares ABO and Rh in terms of antigen location, distribution, development, and nature of antibodies. It also describes the types of blood donation and the donor selection process involving counseling, medical history, physical exam, and hemoglobin estimation. Finally, it briefly mentions types of blood bags, anticoagulants, component separation, and screening tests for diseases.

1. Blood banking
Dr.T.Arivazhagan
Department of Pathology

2. Introduction
• A place where blood is collected from donors, typed,
separated into components, stored, and prepared for
transfusion to recipients

3. Blood group system
• There are 30 blood groups systems are identified by ISBT
• Based on the red cell antigen
• ABO
• Rh
• Kell
• Lewis
• Duffy
• Kidd
• Colten……

4. Important ?
1. ABO
2. Rh
Most immunogenic

7. No H antigen
strong anti H ,anti A, anti B antibodies

8. Parameter ABO Rh type
Location Chr 9 Chr 1
Antigens A,B,AB D
Distribution RBC, Platelets, Body fluids RBC alone
Antigen development Week express at birth Fully developed at birth
Nature of antibodies Naturally occurring Immune
Antibody class IgM IgG
Compliment activation Yes No
Optimal reaction medium Saline Antihuman globulin

9. Blood donation
Types
1. Voluntary
2. Professional or paid
3. Replacement

10. Donor selection process
4 parts
Predonation
counselling
Medical
history
Physical
examination
HB
estimation

17. Types of blood bags

18. Anticoagulant

19. Components & separation

22. Screening
1. Malaria
2. Syphilis
3. HIV 1 & 2
4. Hepatitis B
5. Hepatitis c