Blood donation involves voluntarily giving blood for transfusions and biopharmaceuticals, primarily by unpaid volunteers. Various health checks are performed before and during the donation process to ensure the donor's eligibility and safety. The donation can save multiple lives, and proper care is advised post-donation to aid recovery.

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2. A blood donation occurs when a
person voluntarily has blood drawn
and used for transfusions and/or
made into biopharmaceutical
medications by a process called
fractionation (separation of whole-
blood components).

3. most blood donors are unpaid
volunteers (voluntary non
remunerated repeat donations,
VNRD) who donate blood for a
community supply. Many donors
donate as an act of charity, but
some are paid and in some cases
there are incentives other than
money such as paid time off from
work. Donors can also have blood
drawn for their own future use
(autologous donation).

4. • Every three minutes there is someone
around the world needs blood
transfusion.
• One of ten patients in the hospital
needs blood transfusion.
• Your blood can save four people if its
fractionated.

6. • When you go to give blood, you will
be asked to perform many medical test,
which check you health state. when there
is any problem in your health the test will
discover it early and you can then have the
suitable health care and reassurance.
• Donation helps to stimulate the bone
marrow to produce new blood cells.

7. Before to go to donate:
• Get enough sleep at the night of the
donation.
• Eat a balanced meal. Before donating
about two hours.
• You must drink fluids (caffeine-free) a
little more than usual.

8. In the donation center:
Donors are chosen by specific standards
of the medical examination, laboratory
and medical history:

9. • When attending to the blood bank,
they Recording the donor information
such as name, age "older than 18
years," and then the card number,
address .... Etc. (this information to
contact you if needed), and you must
fill the form Card.
• Determine Blood Type: (of the four
factions accepted).

10. • Measuring the concentration of
hemoglobin (Hb): Using finger.
• Weight: (preferably a weight of 50 kg).
• Measuring the pulse.
• Blood pressure: (less than 160/90).

11. Donated blood is tested by many methods, but
the core tests recommended by the World
Health Organization are these four:
• Hepatitis B Surface Antigen
• Antibody to Hepatitis C
• Antibody to HIV, usually subtypes 1 and 2
• Serologic test for Syphilis

12. • Donate blood during the past
three months
• All types of anemia other than
iron deficiency anemia.
• Heart disease and rheumatic
fever.
• Chronic respiratory diseases.
• Chronic hypertension.
• Viral hepatitis.
• Diabetes mellitus.
• Cases of enlarged liver.
• Cases of kidney failure.
• Convulsions cases epilepsy and
frequent fainting.
• Increase or decrease the
thyroid gland secretions.
• Pregnancy.
• Bleeding disease.
• Genetic diseases.
• Mental illness.
• Any surgical operations during
the three-month period.
• Unexpected loss of weight and
loss of appetite.
• Night sweating. Night fever.

13. Obtaining the blood:
There are two main methods of obtaining
blood from a donor. The most frequent is
to simply take the blood from a vein as
whole blood. This blood is typically
separated into parts, usually red blood cells
and plasma, since most recipients need
only a specific component for transfusions.
A typical donation is 450 millilitres of
whole blood, though 500 millilitre
donations are also common.

14. The other method is to draw blood from
the donor, separate it using a centrifuge or
a filter, store the desired part, and return
the rest to the donor. This process is called
apheresis

15. The blood is drawn from a large arm vein close to
the skin, usually the median cubital vein on the
inside of the elbow. The skin over the blood vessel is
cleaned with an antiseptic such as iodine or
chlorhexidine, to prevent skin bacteria from
contaminating the collected blood and also to
prevent infections where the needle pierced the
donor's skin.

16. A large needle (16 to 17 gauge) is used to
minimize shearing forces that may physically
damage red blood cells as they flow through
the needle. A tourniquet is sometimes
wrapped around the upper arm to increase
the pressure of the blood in the arm veins
and speed up the process. The donor may
also be prompted to hold an object and
squeeze it repeatedly to increase the blood
flow through the vein.

17. • All injured in accidents
• Cases of bleeding before and after birth.
• Large operations.
• Premature infants
• Newborn to the different Rhesus factor the
parents.
• Thalassemia sickle cell anemia or leukemia
patients.
• Tumor patients, nuclear medicine and bloody
vomiting, patients with liver and kidney
dialysis, burns and endemic diseases.

18. Blood donation is not a dangerous
process; the donor may need to drink
more liquids in the next hours after
donation. Smoking and drinking alcohol is
forbidden in the next 2 hours after
donation. The donor will need to take
enough time of rest.

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