The document provides information about blood and blood donation. It discusses that blood is made up of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma. It explains blood types and Rh factors. The document encourages blood donation by noting that donated blood can save multiple lives and is always needed for accident victims, cancer patients, and others. It describes the blood donation process, including donor screening, eligibility criteria, the donation procedure, and post-donation advice. The document emphasizes that regular blood donation is safe and benefits both donors and recipients.

1. ADARSH DENTAL CLINIC-CHENNAI
DR.VINAMRA DHARIWAL MDS

2. DR.VINAMRA DHARIWAL MDS

3. BLOOD Facts
• Blood flows everywhere
through the human body.
• We cannot live without it.
• The heart pumps blood to all
our body cells, supplying them
with oxygen and food.
• Blood also carries proteins and
cell fragments called platelets
that let blood clot where there
has been an injury.
DR.VINAMRA DHARIWAL MDS

4. What makes up our blood?
• RED BLOOD CELLS (Erythrocytes) – The most abundant
cells in our blood; they are produced in the bone marrow and
contain a protein called hemoglobin that carries oxygen to our
cells.
• WHITE BLOOD CELLS (Leukocytes) – They are part of the
immune system and destroy infectious agents called
pathogens.
• PLASMA – This is the yellowish liquid portion of blood that
contains electrolytes, nutrients and vitamins, hormones,
clotting factors, and proteins such as antibodies to fight
infection.
• PLATELETS (Thrombocytes) – The clotting factors that are
carried in the plasma; they clot together in a process called
coagulation to seal a wound and prevent a loss of blood.
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5. Blood Facts
The average adult has about FIVE liters of blood inside of
their body, which makes up 7-8% of their body weight.
Blood is living tissue that carries oxygen and nutrients to
all parts of the body, and carries carbon dioxide and other
waste products back to the lungs, kidneys and liver for
disposal. It also fights against infection and helps heal
wounds, so we can stay healthy.
There are about one billion red blood cells in two to three
drops of blood. For every 600 red blood cells, there are
about 40 platelets and one white cell.
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http://www.bloodbankofalaska.org/about_blood/index.html

6. Genetics of Blood Types
• Your blood type is established before you are BORN,
by specific GENES inherited from your parents.
• You inherit one gene from your MOTHER and one
from your FATHER.
• These genes determine your blood type by causing
proteins called AGGLUTINOGENS to exist on the
surface of all of your red blood cells.
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7. What are blood types?
Blood Types
There are 3 alleles or genes for blood
type: A, B, & O. Since we have 2 genes, AA or AO =
there are 6 possible combinations. Type A
BB or BO = Type
B
OO = Type O
AB = Type AB
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/units/basics/blood/types.cfm
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8. How common is your blood type?
46.1%
38.8%
11.1%
3.9%
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9. Rh Factors
• Scientists sometimes study Rhesus monkeys
to learn more about the human anatomy
because there are certain similarities between
the two species. While studying Rhesus
monkeys, a certain blood protein was
discovered. This protein is also present in the
blood of some people. Other people, however,
do not have the protein.
• The presence of the protein, or lack of it, is
referred to as the Rh (for Rhesus) factor. A+ A-
• If your blood does contain the protein, your
blood is said to be Rh positive (Rh+). If your
B+ B-
blood does not contain the protein, your blood AB+ AB-
is said to be Rh negative (Rh-). O+ O-
http://www.fi.edu/biosci/blood/rh.html
DR.VINAMRA DHARIWAL MDS

10. Did You Know?
 450ml of blood can save as many as three lives.
 Every two seconds, someone in India needs blood.
 One out of every three of us will need blood in our
life time.
 Even with all of today’s technology, there is no
substitute for blood.
Someone has to give blood
in order for someone to receive blood.
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11. Blood Transfusions
A blood transfusion is a procedure in which blood is given to a
patient through an intravenous (IV) line in one of the blood vessels.
Blood transfusions are done to replace blood lost during surgery or a
serious injury. A transfusion also may be done if a person’s body
can't make blood properly because of an illness. Universal
Who can give you blood?
Donor
People with TYPE O blood are called
Universal Donors, because they can give
blood to any blood type.
People with TYPE AB blood are called
Universal Recipients, because they can
receive any blood type.
Rh +  Can receive + or -
Rh -  Can only receive - Universal
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Recipient

12. DR.VINAMRA DHARIWAL MDS

13. Fact Sheet -1
 Hospitals predict that the need for blood will
increase 5% each year.
 Approximately only 5% of the eligible
population in India donates blood.
 75% of donors donate only ONCE per year.
If they donated just two times per year there would
never be any shortages.
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14. Fact sheet -2
 A person has 5 litres of blood in their body.
 A person can donate blood every 90 days (3 months).
 Body recovers the Blood very quickly:
 Blood plasma volume– within 24 - 48 hours
 Red Blood Cells – in about 3 weeks
 Platelets & White Blood Cells – within minutes
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15. DR.VINAMRA DHARIWAL MDS

16. Some Reasons to Donate Blood
Blood is always needed for,
 accident victims
 cancer patients
 blood disorder patients
 surgery patients
 Pre-mature, pre term
babies
 and many others…….
 1 of out 10 hospital patients
needs a blood transfusion
 4.5 million Indians lives are
saved by blood transfusions
each year
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17. • Safety of Blood Donor & Blood Recipient
(patient) because “Safe Blood” gives life, “Unsafe
blood” gives infections
• To ensure “Blood Safety”,
– Strict “Donor Screening” at the Camp
– “Testing” of collected blood to WHO specified
standards
– Strict “cross-matching” of blood samples to ensure
safe transfusion to patient
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18. Pre-Donation information
• Blood is taken ONLY from Voluntary Donors
• Using sterile, disposable blood bags &
instruments
• Donated Blood is tested and separated into
components benefiting 3-4 patients
• It is safe to donate every 3 months
• It is quick and safe.
• It doesn’t hurt.
• It saves 3 to 4 lives.
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19. Procedure for
Voluntary Blood Donation
Pre-Donation:
1. Donor Screening
2. Donor Eligibility criteria
3. Deferral Criteria (Donor Consent Form)
4. Medical examination
Blood Donation:
5. Blood donation procedure
Post donation
6. Rest, advice & refreshment
7. Donor Certificate, Donor ID card
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20. 1. Donor Screening
• Safe Donor selection involves –
1. Identification of low risk populations
2. Donor education and recruitment
3. Encouraging self deferral based on
“Deferral Criteria”
4. Medical Examination before donation
• Voluntary Non-remunerated Repeat
Donor (VNRD) is safest
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22. 2. Donor Eligibility Criteria
Wt > 45 Kg
• Who can donate?
• Age: 18 - 60 years
• Weight : > 45 kgs
• Hemoglobin level: >12 gms/dl for men
and 12.5 gms/dl for women
• In good health
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23. Life long 1 year 6 Months
х Abnormal bleeding o Surgery o Tattooing or
disorder body piercing
х Heart, Kidney, Liver o Typhoid
Disorder o Dental
х Thyroid disorder o Dog bite extraction
х Epilepsy, Mental
disorders o Unexplained o Root canal
weight loss treatment
х Tuberculosis, Leprosy,
х Asthma o Continuous o Malaria
х Cancer low grade fever
o Vaccination
х Insulin dependent
diabetics
х Uncontrolled High BP
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24. 3. Deferral Criteria…
(Donor Consent Form)
Postpone donation for 6 months if you have risk
factors for HIV/AIDS , such as..
• Having sex with more than one partner
without using condom
for vaginal, anal or oral sex
• Intravenous drug abuse
• Having sex with a person who could have the
above risk factors
DR.VINAMRA DHARIWAL MDS

25. 3. Deferral Criteria…
(Donor Consent Form)
Female donors cannot donate blood……
• During pregnancy
• After delivery for one year
• When lactating
• During menstrual period and for 7 days
therafter
Male donors cannot donate blood……
• If cosumed Alcohol in the previous 24 hours
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26. 4. Medical Examination at camp
• Blood test for:
– Blood grouping
– Hemoglobin
• Blood pressure
• Pulse
• General physical examination
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27. 5. Blood Donation Procedure
Remember!
The Donor Must ….
• have had good rest / sleep
• have had light meal
• be mentally prepared
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28. 5. Blood Donation Procedure
Volume of blood collection
Donor Blood Amount Used for
Weight collected
45 kgs -55 350ml Single bag Whole Blood
kgs
> 55 kgs 450 ml Double / Blood
Triple bag Components
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29. Post Donation Advice
• Drink lots of fluids for next 24 hours
• Avoid smoking for one hour & alcohol till after a meal
• Don’t use elevator to go up immediately after donation as it will make
blood rush to your feet & make you dizzy!
• Avoid highly strenuous exercises & games for a day
• If you feel dizzy, lie down & put your feet up. You will be alright in 10-20
mins.
• Remove band-aid after 4 hours. If it bleeds, apply pressure & reapply
band-aid. If bruised and painful, apply cold-pack 4 to 5 times for 5 mins
each. The bruise is due to blood seeping into the surrounding tissue. It will
take a few days to get reabsorbed.
•
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30. 6. Testing at Blood Bank for
Transfusion Transmissible Infections (TTIs)
Blood collected at the BDC is screened
using highest quality screening tests for 6
TTIs
• HIV 1
• HIV 2
• Hepatitis B
• Hepatitis C
• VDRL (syphilis)
• Malaria
DR.VINAMRA DHARIWAL MDS

31. Counselling for “Reactive” donors
If a blood sample tests positive for any TTI,
then….
• Tests are repeated in duplicate
• Complete confidentiality is maintained
about the test results
• only the donor is informed, counseled &
encouraged for further testing
• Referrals to health experts are provided
along with follow-ups
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32. 7. Blood Products / Components
& their uses
Blood collected is screened for TTIs (infections) & IF
SAFE, is separated into components & stored for issue
to patients.
• Whole blood
– For Exchange Transfusion in Babies
– Accident Victims
– Complicated Delivery cases
– Some specific surgeries
• Blood Components
– Red Cells (for anemia)
– Fresh Frozen Plasma (for clotting disorders, burns)
– Platelets/Platelet rich plasma (for cancer, dengue)
– Cryoprecipitate (for clotting disorders)
– Cryo Poor Plasma (for burns)
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33. What can YOU do?
• Make Blood Donation a HABIT
• Donate regularly – every 3 months to
commemorate special days like birthdays,
anniversaries ….
• Motivate others to donate
• Refer your friends and relatives
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34. Benefits to Donor of blood donation
Health benefits:
Regular donation (2-3 times a year….)
– Lowers cholesterol
– Lowers lipid levels
– Decreases incidence of heart attacks, strokes
Donor is also eligible to receive BLESSINGS
Spouse/ Child/ Parents, and
– Even friends
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36. DR.VINAMRA DHARIWAL MDS

37. Thank You…
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