Migraine is a severe headache that causes throbbing pain, nausea, vomiting, and extreme sensitivity to light and sound. It typically affects one side of the head and can last for hours or days. Some people experience aura, sensory disturbances such as flashes of light, before the headache starts. Migraine often begins in childhood or early adulthood and involves four stages - prodrome, aura, attack, and postdrome - though not everyone experiences all stages. Triggers can include hormonal changes, foods, stress, sensory stimuli, sleep patterns, and medications. Treatment involves both pain relievers during attacks and preventive medications taken daily. Self-care like stress reduction, avoiding triggers, and getting enough sleep can also help

3. Migraine is an intense throbbing or pulsing
headache, it's commonly in one area of the head
but it could be in both. Sometimes it accompanied
by nausea, vomiting, and extreme sensitivity to
light and sound. Migraine attacks last for hours to
days, migraine is a very severe pain or headache,
that makes you go to a dark queit room and lie
there.

4. Migraine sometimes accompanied with some
warning signs are called "aura". Most of these
signs are sensory stimulations, such as flashes of
light, dark spots.

7. Migraine in common it begins in the
childhood or in the early adulthood, there is
four stages for the migraine attacks, but not
all patients feel them all, it differ from one
to another.

8. What are the stages of migraine?
The stages start two days before the
attack, and they are:
•prodromal
•aura
•Attack
•postdromal.

9. The prodramoal stage:
It’s the first stage which starts 2 days before
the attack, including:
•Depression
•Diarrhea or Constipation
•Neck stiffness
•Irritability or Hyperactivity
•Food cravings

10. Aura
Not all the people with migraine headaches
experience aura. its usually visual experiences, but
can also be sensory, motor or verbal disturbances.
These experiences last to 10 to 30 minutes. And they
include:
•Visual disturbances, bright spots or flashes of light
•Vision loss
•Speech or language problems
•Pins and needles sensations in the limbs.
•Less commonly, limb weakness (hemiplegic
migraine).

12. Attack
Migraine headache typically lasts from four to 72
hours, but the frequency with which headaches
occur varies from person to person.. During a
migraine, you may experience some of the
following symptoms:
•Pain on one side of your head or both
•Pain that has a pulsating, throbbing quality
•Sensitivity to light, sounds and sometimes smells
•Nausea and vomiting
•Blurred vision

17. Postdrome
Occurs after a migraine attack, when you may
feel drained and washed out, some people feel
happy and euphoric.

18. Resolution is considered sometime a 5th phase just after
the attack phase. When the patient suffer from deep sleep
or vomiting.

19. Is it dangerous?
Migraine is not very dangerous, but you have to
see the doctor to control your headache and have
a normal life.
Headache is a serious case and you must to
go to the doctor when you have a headache to
exclude the dangerous causes of headache

20. and these are some tips that you must go to the
doctor when you have one:
•sudden, severe headache like a thunderclap
•Headache with fever, stiff neck, rash, mental
confusion, seizures, double vision, weakness,
numbness , trouble speaking, or vomiting.
•Headache after a head injury.
•A chronic headache that is worse after coughing,
exertion, straining or a sudden movement
•New headache pain if you're older than 50

21. What are the causes?
Many causes and risk factors play a rule in migraine
write your notes about when you get the migraine, what
frequency and what things trigger it.

22. These tipes my help you:
•Hormonal changes: especially in women, in the
pregnancy period and delivery.
•Food: some food may trigger it such as alcohols.
you need to record your own triggers
•Stress: it’s a common trigger for many
situations.
•Sensory stimuli: loud sounds, flashing lights, hot
weather and may be some odors.
•Changes in wake-sleep pattern.

23. •Physical factors: physical exertion,
including sexual activity.
•Changes in the environment. A change of
weather or barometric pressure can
prompt a migraine.
•Medications. Certain medications can
aggravate migraines, especially oral
contraceptives and vasodilators.

26. Is there any complications?
There are some complications for the
treatment and the drugs used to
control the migraine. Including:

27. Abdominal pain, bleeding with stool and
ulcers. These are mainly complications
for the pain relievers' drugs such as
ibuprofen.

28. Rebound headaches: due to over
the counter drugs.
Serotonin syndrome: its life-
threating drug reaction that
may occur following therapeutic
drug use .

29. you must go to the doctor if you have any of the following
signs or symptoms:
•increased heart rate
•shivering
•sweating
•dilated pupils
•myoclonus (intermittent tremor or twitching), as well as
overresponsive reflexes
•headache
•agitation
•hypomania
•mental confusion
•Hallucinations
•nausea
•diarrhea
•coma

30. What is the treatment?
A variety of drugs have been used to treat migraines, they
are classified in two main categories:
Pain-relieving medications. Are taken during migraine
attacks and are designed to stop symptoms that have
already begun.
•Pain-relievers
•Triptans
•Ergot. Ergotamine and caffeine combination drugs
•Anti-nausea medications.
•Opiates.
•Dexamethasone.

31. Preventive medications.
Are taken regularly, often on a daily basis,
to reduce the frequency of migraines.

32. Remedies:
Self-care is recommended to reduce the
migraine severity and frequency.
You need to avoid the emotional stress and
the exhausting exercise; you must have
enough time (more than half an houre)
every day to do things makes you get relax,
such as listening to music, gardening, taking
a hot bath or reading. And it's better to get
enough sleep at the night. Avoide the over
sleep espicaly in the day time.