Bld62003 mak ceramic

BLD62003 BUILDING MATERIALS
BACHELOR QUANTITY SURVEYING (HONS)
1BLD62003/MAK/CERAMIC

 What is ceramic?
 Objects made from earthy materials with the aid of heat
(the process of making these objects)
 Compounds of one or more metals with a non metallic
element (silicon, boron & oxygen)
 What is clay?
 A variety of earthy materials formed by the decomposition
of granite.
 In the process, these may have been combined with a
variety of other materials, forming clay bodies with
differing maturing points.
2BLD62003/MAK/CERAMIC

 Two types of clays:
3
PRIMARY
Clay found in nature that was
formed in place rather than
transported by the action of
water.
Also called residual clay.
Kaolin is primary clay.
SECONDARY
Natural clay that has been
moved by water or wind from
its source and settled
elsewhere in deposits
BLD62003/MAK/CERAMIC

RESIDUAL CLAY KAOLIN CLAY
BLD62003/MAK/CERAMIC 4

KAOLIN CLAY
 Increases the moldability
of the plastic porcelain
 Act as binder & helps in
maintaining the shape of
the unfired porcelain
during firing
 At high temperature, it
fuses and reacts with other
ingredients to form the
glassy matrix

SECONDARY
CLAYS
Earthenware
StonewarePorcelain

• Earthenware clay is a secondary clay.
• It most often holds iron oxide, which gives it a
reddish brown color.
• It is typically used at low fire temperatures
1830-1980°F (1000-1080°C).

• Stoneware clay is composed of fire clay and ball clay both
secondary clays as well as feldspar and silica.
• Typically used for high fire, it matures between 2100-2400°F
(1148-1316°C).
• The materials and high firing temperature vitrify stoneware
clay bodies.
• When vitrified, the particles fuse together and become glass-
like.

• Porcelain is a pure white clay body composed
of kaolin, a primary clay known for its
translucency.
• It is traditionally fired to high fire
temperatures above 2300°F (1260°C).

 A ceramic is an inorganic, non-
metallic solid prepared by the action of heat and
subsequent cooling.
 Ceramic materials may have a crystalline or partly
crystalline structure, or may be amorphous (e.g.,
a glass).
 Ceramics now include domestic, industrial and
building products and a wide range of ceramic art.

 These are not amenable to a great range of
processing.
 Methods for dealing with them tend to fall
into one of two categories:
(i) Either make the desired shape by reaction
in situ, or
(ii) by forming powders into the desired
shape, and then sintering to form a solid
body.
 Ceramic forming techniques include shaping
by hand, slip casting, tape casting etc.

 Non-crystalline ceramics, being glass tend
to be formed from melting.
 The glass is shaped when in a state of
toffee like viscosity.
 Methods like blowing into a mould is used.
 Later heat treatments cause this glass to
become partly crystalline and this material
is know as glass ceramic which is widely
used for cooktops.

 Extreme Hardness
i. High wear resistance
ii. Extreme hardness can reduce
wear caused by friction
 Corrosion Resistance
 Heat Resistance
i. Low electrical conductivity
ii. Low thermal conductivity
iii. Low thermal expansion
iv. Poor thermal shock resistance
 Low ductility
i. Very brittle
ii. High elastic modulus
 Low toughness
i. Low fracture toughness
ii. Indicates the ability of a crack
or flaw to produce a
catastrophic failure
 Low density
i. Porosity affects properties
ii. High strength at elevated
temperatures

 Fire clays and shale
 Terracotta
 Fireclay
 Stoneware
 Earthenware
 Vitreous China
 Porcelain
 Bricks
 Roofing

 3TYPES OF CERAMIC BASED ON
PRODUCTION PROCESS:
1. GLAZED
2. MOSAIC
3. QUARRY

Ceramic is made from earthy materials. It is
categorized into nine types. Explain the
following types of ceramic:
 Terracotta
 Stoneware
 Earthenware
(15 marks)

Bld62003 mak ceramic

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Bld62003 mak ceramic