The ppt includes an overview of biosensors and its preparations. The slides focus on the definition, advantages, disadvantages, working, construction, components of biosensors. It also includes types and applications of biosensors.

1. BIOSENSORS: A REVIEW
Dr. A. T. Sharma
Assist. Professor
Nanded Pharmacy College, Nanded

2. Biosensors
• The word ‘Biosensor’ was coined by Cammann.
• The first true biosensor was developed by Leland C. Clark in
1956 for oxygen detection.
• Known as ‘Father of Biosensors’, invented oxygen electrode
(Clark electrode).
• Definition: Devices which use a living organisms or
biological components like enzymes or antibodies to detect
the presence of chemicals (analyte).
• Biological components like tissue, micro-organisms, cell
organelles, cell receptors, enzymes, antibodies, nucleic acids
etc.

3. • Biological component recognize, interact and
bind with analyte – physicochemical effect.
• Detected by a physicochemical detector –
transforms this physicochemical signal in to
another user-friendly signals (optical,
electrochemical, electro-chemiluminescence
etc.)
• Results are easy to measure and quantify.
• Detectors as transducers (Converts variations in
physical quantity in to electrical signals and vice
versa)

4. Advantages
• Rapid and continuous measurements
• High specificity
• Very less usage of reagents for calibration
• Fast response
• Ability to measure non-polar molecules not
detected by other conventional devices

5. Working
Principle:
• Works on principle of signal transduction
• Components:
- Bio-recognition element
- Bio-transducer
- Electronic system (Amplifier, Processor,
Display)
Working:
• Selection of biological component (Immobilized enzyme)
• Enzyme in contact with transducer
• Analyte – enzyme interaction (Bound Analyte)
• Electronic response from transducer – can be measured
• Some times, analyte converted to product and release heat, gas(oxygen), electrons, H+
ions
• Transducer converts these changes in to electrical signals
• Intensity of signal proportional to concentration of analyte
• Signal amplified and processed by electronic system

6. Components

7. Types of Biosensors
• Enzyme biosensors
• Whole cell biosensors
• Immuno sensors
• DNA biosensors
• Magnetic biosensors
• Thermal/ Calorimetric biosensors
• Piezoelectric biosensors
• Optical biosensors
• Amperometric biosensors
• Potentiometric biosensors
• Coductometric biosensors

8. Applications of Biosensors

9. Food industry:
• Aging of beer
• Pathogens in food
• Organophosphate pesticides in milk
• Quality of food
• Detection of glucose
Fermentation processes:
Monitor presence of products, biomass,
enzyme, antibody, byproducts to measure
indirectly the process conditions

10. Environmental field:
• Environmental pollutants
• BOD measurement during waste water treatment
• UV rays from holes in ozone layer
• CO2 detection in earth temperature analysis
Medical Field:
 Metastasis and effectiveness of treatment
 Glucose monitoring
 Organ replacement procedures
 Diagnosis of infectious diseases and neurodegenerative
diseases
 Monitoring manufacturing of pharmaceutical compounds

11. Thank You…!!!
(Disclaimer: The images and diagrams in
this presentation have been downloaded
from the google source. I am grateful to all
the publishers & the google.)