Biomass is a renewable energy source derived from living organisms. It can be used to generate electricity through combustion in a biomass power plant. There are different modes of biomass power generation including direct combustion, gasification combustion, mixed burning with coal. Biomass power plants provide social and economic benefits like job creation and reduced dependence on foreign energy sources. While prospects are strong in industrial sectors that produce biomass waste, challenges include securing stable long-term fuel supplies and electricity prices that support plant viability.

1. BIOMASS
FUELLED POWER
PLANTS

2. OUTLINES
 Introduction
 Biomass and its sources
 Biomass power plant and its working
 Biomass power generation modes
 Social benefits
 Economic viability
 Prospective segments & challenges
 Conclusions
 References

3. INTRODUCTI
ON
Enough Biomass
resources in the
world to cover the
world’s energy
demand.
Using Biomass
sources for power
generation is CO2
neutral.

4. WHAT IS BIOMASS ?
 Biomass is a renewable energy source that is
derived from living or recently living organisms.
 It is produced by metabolic activities of
biological systems (plants and animals) and/or
products of their decomposition or conversion
 The chemical and energetic value of those
materials is based on the carbon-carbon and
carbon-hydrogen bond
 Biomass suitable for utilization must have a net
heating value

5. SOURCES OF BIOMASS
•Comes from the
forest
•Can also come
from plant and
animal waste
•Wood and waste
can be found
virtually anywhere

6. OVERVIEW
 Biomass can be chemically and biochemically
treated to convert it to a energy-rich fuel.
 Thermal energy is extracted by means of
combustion, pyrolysis, and gasification.
 Energy derived from biomass is mostly used to
generate electricity or to produce heat.

7. KEY COMPONENTS OF
BIOMASS POWER PLANT
 Fuel storage and handling equipment
 Combustor / furnace
 Boiler
 Pumps
 Fans
 Steam turbine
 Generator
 Condenser
 Cooling tower
 Exhaust / emissions controls
 System controls (automated).

8. HOW DOES BIOMASS
HOW IS ELECTRICITY GENERATED FROM
POWERPLANT WORK
BIOMASS

9. BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
MODES
 Different types of biomass power
generation modes are
 Combustion
 Gasification combustion
 Mixed burning
 Gasification mixed burning

10. BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
MODES
 COMBUSTION
 Biomass burned directly in boiler to produce steam to generate
electricity
 Main advantage
 Mature technology
 Low running cost
 Simple biomass pretreatment
 Disadvantage
 Low efficiency at small scale
 single biomass fuel
 large investment
 Application
 Large scale power generation

11. BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
MODE
 GASIFICATION COMBUSTION
 solid biomass breaks down to form a flammable
gas.
 Biomass gasified first and then fuel gas burned in
gas turbine or engine

12.  Gasification
 Advantage
 High efficiency at small scale
 Flexible in capacity
 Low investment
 Disadvantage
 Complex equipment
 High maintenance cost
 Applications
 Medium and small system
 Combined cycles , which combine gas turbines and steam
turbines to produce electricity

13. BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
MODE
 MIXED BURNING
 Biomass mixed with coal and burned in boiler
 Main advantage
 Simple and convenient operation
 Least investment if no reconstruction of existing
device
 Main disadvantage
 Strict biomass pretreatment and quality
 Some impact on original system.
 Application
 Suitable for timber biomass.

14. BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
MODES
 Gasification –mixed burning
 Biomass gasified first and then fuel gas burned with coal in
boiler
 Main advantage
 Universal application
 Low impact on original coal-fired system
 Economic benefit
 Main disadvantage
 Complex management
 Certain metal erosion problem
 Application
 Power generation system for mass biomass.

15. VARIOUS TECHNIQUES AND
OPTIONS AVAILABLE
 Biomass liquefaction via pyrolysis
 A process similar to Gasification
 Heating of Hydrocarbons in zero oxygen condition
 Condenses the vapors to obtain Bio-oil (pyrolysis oil)
 Bio-oil is easily transportable, store and handle
 Can be combusted in boiler for heat or electrical
generation

16. VARIOUS TECHNIQUES AND
OPTIONS AVAILABLE
 Organic plant based oil(crude palm oil-CPO)
 Generation of electricity using CPO.
 Biogas anaerobic digestion.
a type of fermentation that converts organic
material into biogas.
 it mainly consists of methane (approximately
60%) and carbon dioxide(approximately 40%).
 Power generation using scrubbed methane gas.

17. SOCIAL BENEFITS OF BIOMASS
POWER GENERATION
 Biomass power generates electricity that is:
 reliable,
 domestically produced,
 economically competitive and
 environmentally sustainable.
 Since biomass energy uses domestically-
produced fuels, biomass power:
 greatly reduces our dependence on foreign energy
sources,
 increases our national security and
 provides greater fuel diversity.

18. ECONOMIC BENEFITS
 Minimizes cost involved with waste disposal
 Can generate money for community
 It provide job opportunity in rural areas
 Power from biomass gasifier based plants are
cheap in rural areas
 Overall cost of installation, running,
transmission, labor etc. per unit cost of
electricity is low.

19. PROSPECTIVE SEGMENTS &
CHALLENGES
 Biomass Combustion power plant is attractive to:
 Industrial Factories owners
 Plantation/Mill owners
 Sugar cane (Bagasse)
 Rice (Rice Husks)
 Wood/Paper (Wood Wastes)
 Corn (Corn Wastes)
 Palm Oil (Empty Fruit Bunches, Shells)
 Cassava (Roots, Stems)
 Able to supply both Electricity and Heat (steam) for
factory use
 Main challenges:
 securing the long term supply of Biomass fuel source at stable prices
 selling price of electricity, if connected to the grid to sell electricity

20. CONCLUSIONS
 Uses low cost waste materials
 Recycling waste materials can be a solution to the
problems with disposing of waste products
 Reduced dependence on foreign oil
 Biomass plants operate in a reliable and
consistent manner providing crucial base load
power generation.

21. REFERENCES
 “Biomass power generation modes.”
http://www.V-FLO.com
 B H KHAN, “Non-conventional energy resources” ,
3RD edition, pub. year 2006
 “Biomass energy”
www.amrenewables.com
 Pyrolysis and Other Thermal Processing. [U.S.
Department of Energy - Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy Biomass Program]
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/printable_version
s/pyrolysis.html