Download to read offline
More Related Content
Similar to Generation of electricity
Generation of electricity
- 2. KHUSHI SAINI 170305110015 BTECH .AGRICULTURALENGINEERINGDEPT . 4TH YEAR SEMINAR PRESENTATION SUBMITTED TO :- ENG. DIVEYSH VAGHALA
- 4. INTRODUCTION WHAT IS SURPLUSBIOMASS? BIOMASS CONVERTED TO ENERGY ENERGY GENERATION MODES DIRECT COMBUSTI0N THERMAL GASIFICATION FAST PYROLYSIS SOCIAL BENEFITS OF SURPLUS BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
- 5. Electricity is atype of energy that can build up in one place or flow from one place to another. Biomass is one of the prospective sources of renewable energy to produce electricity in different countries in the world. Electricity is most often generated at a power plant by electromechanical generators, primarily driven by heat engines fueled by combustion or nuclear fission but also by other means such as the kinetic energy of flowing water and wind. Other energy sources include solar photovoltaic , geothermal power and biomass energy.
- 6. SURPLUS an amountof something left over when requirements have met, an excess of production or supply. Biomass remains as surplus of which maximum comes from the forestry sector with over 68% in forms of twigs, dry branches, roots and wood chips etc. Wheat, Corn, Sugarcane and fast-growing tree crops such as willow and poplar that are purposefully grown for the biomass industry.
- 8. BIOMASS CONVERTED TOENERGY When the plants are cut or die, wood chips, straw and other plant matter is derived to biogas plant. When biomass is burnt, it release energy in the form of heat. The biomass plants burn wood or other forms of waste to generate steam. The energy from of waste to generate steam. The energy from the steam is directed via pipes to run turbines. The steam rises up to run turbines that produce electricity or generate heat for homes and industries. In most countries, biomass plants have been built in the countryside to provide electricity to the local population. There are waste to energy plants that burn trash to produce electricity and power millions of homes.
- 10.
- 11. Direct combustion ofbiomass for electricity production is common in the forestry and timber industries. It has been estimated that 53% of the raw timber delivered to sawmills ends up as biomass in the form of woodchips, bark and sawdust. Direct combustion systems feed a biomass feedstock into combustor or furnace, where the biomass is burned with excess air to heat water in a boiler to create steam. Steam from the boiler is then expanded through a steam turbine , which spins to runs a generator and produces electricity. In general, all biomass systems require fuel storage space and some type of fuel handling equipment and controls. An automated control system conveys the fuel from the outside storage area using some combination of cranes, stackers, reclaimers, front-end loaders, belts, augers, and pneumatic transport. Manual equipment, like front loaders, can be used to transfer biomass from the piles to the bunkers, but this method will incur significant cost in labor and equipment operations and maintenance
- 12. Wood chip-fired electricpower systems typically use one dry ton per megawatt-hour of electricity production. This approximation is typical of wet wood systems and is useful for a first approximation of fuel use and storage requirements but the actual value will vary with system efficiency. For comparison, this is equivalent to 20% HHV efficiency with 17 MMBtu/ton wood. Most wood chips produced from green lumber will have a moisture content of 40% to 55%, wet basis, which means that a ton of green fuel will contain 800 to 1,100 pounds of water. This water will reduce the recoverable energy content of the material, and reduce the efficiency of the boiler, as the water must be evaporated in the first stages of combustion. The two principal types of chip-fired direct combustion systems:- 1. FIXED – BED SYSTEM 2. FLUIDIZED – BED SYSTEM
- 13. IN A DIRECTCOMBUSTION SYSTEM PROCESSED BIOMASS IS THE BOILER FUEL THAT PRODUCED STEAM TO OPERATE A STEAM TURBINE AND GENERATOR TO MAKE ELECTRICITY.
- 15. KEY COMPONENTS OFDIRECT COMBUSTION Fuel storage and handling equipment Combustor/ furnace Boiler Pumps Fans Steams turbine Generator Condenser Cooling tower Exhaust/ emission control System control
- 16. ADVANTAGES Mature technology Low running cost Simple biomass pretreatment DISADVANTAGES Low efficiency at small scale Single biomass fuel Large investment APPLICATION Large scale power generation
- 17.
- 18. THERMAL GASIFICATION Gasification- Takesplace by heating the biomass with limited oxygen/Air (deficient O2 and Air) to produce low heating value gas or by reacting it with steam & Oxygen at high pressure & temperature to produce medium heating value gas like H2 , CO2 , CH2 , N2. Biomass gasified first and then fuel gas burned with coal in boiler.
- 19. How Gasification isUsed for Power Generation Biomass gasification is a process that converts agricultural and industry solid waste into a clean source of electricity by unlocking the energy in these materials. Using advanced thermal conversion technology that involves heat, and finely controlled oxygen supply, the biomass waste is transformed into H2, CO2, CH2 and other inert gasses producing electricity and heat without combustion or high carbon emissions commonly associated with more traditional sources of power. The term biomass refers to a wide range of materials, including agricultural byproducts such as corn husks, wood chips, lumber and timber yard wastes which is known as surplus biomass .
- 20. biomass gasification systemsare similar to combustion systems, except that the quantity of air is limited, and thus produce a clean fuel gas with a usable heating value in contrast to combustion, in which the off gas does not have a usable heating value. Clean fuel gas provides the ability to power many different kinds of gas-based prime movers, such as internal combustion engines, Sterling engines, thermo electric generators, solid oxide fuel cells, and micro-turbines
- 21. ADVANTAGE High efficiency atsmall scale Flexible in capacity Low investment DISADVANTAGE Complex equipment High maintenance cost APPLICATION Medium and small system Combined cycles, which combine gas turbines and steam turbines to produce electricity
- 22.
- 23. FAST PYROLYSIS Biomass pyrolysisis the thermal decomposition of biomass . Fast pyrolysis is a process in which organic materials are rapidly heated in the range of 500°c to 900°c in absence if oxygen or with steam. It produces solid, liquid and gases. The pyrolysis process can be use all type of organic material including plastic and rubber. The biomass pyrolysis process consists of both simultaneous and successive reactions when organic material is heated in a non-reactive atmosphere. The products of biomass pyrolysis include biochar, bio-oil and gases including methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide.
- 24. The main productof pyrolysis is fuel oil and the process is optimized to convert the maximum amount of carbon compound into oil. Pyrolysis fuel oil has been successfully used with small gas turbines (1 mw) and with heavy fuel oil engines (diesel engines) for the production of energy. There is an increasing interest in pyrolysis because the fuel oil can be stored and transported, and does not need to be used at the same site as it is produced
- 25. Advantages of BiomassPyrolysis Pyrolysis can be performed at relatively small scale and at remote locations. Pyrolysis offers a flexible and attractive way of converting organic matter into energy products. A wide range of biomass feedstock can be used in pyrolysis processes. The bio-char produced can be used on the farm as an excellent soil amender as it is highly absorbent and therefore increases the soil’s ability to retain water, nutrients and agricultural chemicals, preventing water contamination and soil erosion. Biomass pyrolysis has been garnering much attention due to its high efficiency and good environmental performance characteristics. It also provides an opportunity for the processing of agricultural residues, wood wastes and municipal solid waste into clean energy.
- 26. SOCIAL BENEFITS OFSURPLUS BIOMASS POWER GENERATION Biomass power generates electricity that is :- Reliable Domestically produced Economically competitive Environmentally sustainable Since biomass energy uses domestically produced fuels, biomass power :- Greatly reduces our dependence on foreign energy sources. Increase our national security Provides greater fuel diversity
- 28.