This document provides an overview of cell structures and organelles. It describes the cytoplasm and cytoskeleton that give cells structure and the nucleus that contains DNA. Specific organelles are then outlined, including ribosomes that produce proteins, the endoplasmic reticulum involved in lipid and carbohydrate production, and the Golgi apparatus that packages proteins. Vacuoles, lysosomes, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and cell walls in plant cells are also summarized. Cilia and flagella are described as structures used for cellular locomotion.

1. Chapter 7.3
Structures and
Organelles
WASILLA HIGH SCHOOL
MRS. RAGSDALE
2014 - 2015

2. What gives the cell structure:
 Cytoplasm – the "fluid" that fills
the cell
 Where all the chemical reactions
take place
 Cytoskeleton – the structure
within the cytoplasm that holds
the organelles in place

3. Cell "Cookbook"
 Nucleus – site of the DNA
 DNA holds all the protein
"recipes"
 Nucleolus – a place inside
the nucleus where
ribosomes are made

4. Ribosomes – Protein Makers
 Ribosomes are made up of rRNA
 Place where protein is synthesized
(made)

5. Endoplasmic Reticulum
 Rough ER – rough because it has
ribosomes
 Protein is made at the ribosomes
 Smooth – no ribosomes
 Complex carbohydrates, lipids and
phospholipids are made here

6. Golgi Apparatus – The UPS of the Cell
 Packages, finishes and ships out
proteins
 Hangs out next to the Rough ER
 Vesicles – the protein sacs that
go back and forth between the
Golgi and the plasma
membrane
 Endocytosis and Exocytosis
 Active Transport of large molecules

7. Vacuoles: U-Store of the Cell
 HUGE in plants
 Small part of animal cells
 Hold water, waste and other
useful materials (super
important to plants)

8. Lysosomes: Cellular Clean-Up Crew
 Vesicles that contain
acids and enzymes that
go around finding things
to eat and digest like:
 Waste
 Bacteria
 Viruses

9. Mighty Mitochondria
 ATP maker
 Powerhouse of the cell
 Has lots of small folds called
cristae that help maximize the
space inside the tiny little
organelle

10. Chloroplasts (Plants Only)
 Place where
photosynthesis takes
place
 Chlorophyll – the
pigment that makes
plants green

11. Cell Wall (Plants Only)
 Give rigid support to plant cells
 Acts like their skeleton

12. Cilia and Flagella - Locomotion
 Cilia are short hairs
that act like oars on
a rowboat
 Flagella – long tails
that whip around