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Biological Molecules Introduction: Glycogenis similar in structure to amylopectin. It is poly (1-4) glucose with 9% (1-6) branches. It is made by animals as their storage polysaccharide, and is found mainly in muscle and liver. Because it is so highly branched, it can be mobilised (broken down into glucose for energy) very quickly. 3)          Cellulose is only found in plants, where it is the main component of cell walls. It is poly (1-4) glucose, but with a different isomer of glucose. Starch and glycogen contain a-glucose, in which the hydroxyl group on carbon 1 sticks down from the ring, while cellulose contains b-glucose, in which the hydroxyl group on carbon 1 sticks up. This means that in a chain alternate glucose molecules are inverted.  Quaternary structure - Many proteins or more polypeptide chains are bonded to make a complete molecules. Disulphide links and hydrogen bonds hold the chains together. Life on Earth evolved in the water, and all life still depends on water. At least 80% of the mass of living organisms is water, and almost all the chemical reactions of life take place in aqueous solution. The other chemicals that make up living things are mostly organic macromolecules belonging to the four groups proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids. These macromolecules are made up from specific monomers. Between them these four groups make up 93% of the dry mass of living organisms, the remaining 7% comprising small organic molecules (like vitamins) and inorganic ions. Biological molecules are the different amounts of elements and compounds that make up living organisms. The most prominent found in most living organisms are, in order, Hydrogen (H) ,  Carbon (C), Oxygen (O), and  Nitrogen (N). The study of these different chemicals and the effect that they have on living organisms are taught under the topic of ‘Biochemistry’, which is the study of the chemicals of living organisms. The structure of DNA DNA is a polymer of nucleotides. Nucleotides are made up of: ,[object Object]

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Biological molecules