This document discusses biodiversity and population growth. It defines key terms like ecosystem, biodiversity, population, birth rate, death rate, population density, carrying capacity, limiting factors. Exponential and logistic population growth curves are shown. The value of biodiversity is explained in terms of direct economic, indirect economic and aesthetic value. Threats to biodiversity from overpopulation and exceeding environmental carrying capacity are also addressed.

1. BIODIVERSITY
AND POPULATION
GROWTH

2. Objectives
1. Explain how species diversity
increases the probability of
adaptation and survival of
organisms in changing
environments.
2. Explain the relationship between
population growth and carrying
capacity.
3. Suggest ways to minimize impact
on the environment.

3. Ecosystem
Is the community of living
things interacting with the
environment

4. Biodiversity
A term that describes how varied
living things are in a specific area.
Organisms are part of biodiversity
and may be economically and
ecologically valuable.

5. Value of species:
1. Direct economic value
If their products are sources
of food, medicine, clothing,
shelter and energy. For
example are medicines
extracted from plants.

6. Value of species:
2. Indirect economic value
If there are benefits
produced by the organism
w/out using them. For
example certain species
cycle materials in the soil
and absorb pollutants.

7. Value of species:
3. Aesthetic value
A lot of species provides
visual or artistic enjoyment,
like a forested landscape
and the calming beauty of a
natural park; or they may be
used for spiritual meditation
like the Prayer Mountains. 

8. Stability
Resilience to withstand
changes that may occur in the
environment. There are many
changes that occur in the
environment which may be a
result of natural or human
activities. These changes may
severely reduce biodiversity
and result to the instability of
the ecosystem.

9. Population
a group of organisms of the
same species that live in a
certain area.
Ecologists regularly monitor the
number of organisms in many
populations

10. In Demographics, population is defined
as the total number of humans who are
currently living. As of March 2, 2020, the
world population is 7.8 billion. The
current population of the Philippines is
110,581,078 based on the Worldometer
elaboration of the latest United Nations
data. The Philippine population is
equivalent to 1.41% of the world total
population making it the 13th in the list
of countries with the highest population.

12. Birth Rate
Number of births in
a population.
Death/Mortality Rate
Number of deaths or
dying in a population.

13. Population size is
the total number of
members of a
population.

14. Population density refers to
the number of organisms per
unit area. If a population’s
density is very high, that means
there are a lot of organisms
crowded into a certain area. If a
population’s density is low, that
means there are very few
organisms in an area.

16. 

17. Overpopulation refers to a
situation where a population
exceeds its sustainable size
within a particular environment
or habitat. Factors that
contribute to overpopulation
include increase in birth rate
and decrease in mortality rate.

18. Carrying Capacity
is referred to as the maximum
number of species whose basic needs
could be continually supported or
sustained by the resources in their
habitat without degrading and
destroying the environment. This is
determined by factors such as
availability of food, space, and water.

19. Carrying Capacity
Each population of
organisms has a different
carrying capacity,depending
on the amount of resources
available in the area in
which it lives.

20. Carrying Capacity
Before a population reaches its
carrying capacity, it experiences a
period of rapid growth. This period of
growth is called exponential population
growth. During this period, there are
plenty of resources available for all
organisms, so more births are
recorded than deaths in organisms.

21. When resources are unlimited, populations
exhibit exponential growth, resulting in a J-
shaped curve. When resources are limited,
populations exhibit logistic growth. In logistic
growth, population expansion decreases as
resources become scarce, and it levels off when
the carrying capacity of the environment is
reached, resulting in an S-shaped curve.

22. Limiting Factors
The key factors have the
influence to limit or reduce a
population size by lowering birth
rates, increasing the death rates
or even encourage migration
such that these are referred to
as limiting factors.

23. Limiting Factors
1. Biotic Factors
Any living thing in an
ecosystem. Examples are
plants, animals and bacteria.
2. Abiotic Factors
 Non-living things in an
ecosystem. Examples are the
sunlight, water, and rocks

24. Limiting Factors
1. Density-independent
such things as natural
disasters, temperature,
sunlight, and the activities of
humans in the environment.
Most of this factors are abiotic
or non living.

25. Limiting Factors
2. Density-dependent
For example, when a population
reaches a certain size, there
won’t be enough resources (food,
shelter, water) for all of the
organisms. This could cause the
population to stop growing when it
reaches the maximum number of
organisms that can be supported,

26. Limiting Factors
2. Density-dependent
by the environment. This number
is known as the population’s
carrying capacity in a particular
environment.

27. Limiting Factors that depend on
Population Density

28. Ecosystem
1. Manmade ecosystem
A lot of time and money to be
spend in to maintain stability
and productivity.
2. Natural ecosystem?
Energy and materials in the
environment evolved and
developed by themselves.

29. Environmental
Problems and Issues