The document provides evidence that supports the theory of plate tectonics. It describes how the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea hundreds of millions of years ago. It presents fossils of the same species found on different continents separated by oceans, indicating the landmasses were once closer. Additionally, fossils of tropical plants have been found in arctic areas and signs of past glaciation have been discovered in currently warm climates of places like South Africa. The magnetic properties of rocks also show that continents have moved over time.
Divergent plate boundaries occur when two tectonic plates move away from each other. As the plates separate, new crust is formed in between through volcanic activity and magma solidifying. This results in the creation of geological features such as mid-ocean ridges under the ocean or rift valleys on land. Over millions of years, continued separation at divergent boundaries can lead to the formation of new oceans as the crust spreads out.
This tacklesabout locating epicenter,3 typesof plate boundaries hotspot.
A ppt presentation for module 1 in 1st quarter in grade 10sciencein the Philippines.
Feel free tomessage mefor any corrections/suggestions forimprovement.
The document discusses the theory of plate tectonics, including what plates are, how they move, and the three types of plate boundaries. The three types of boundaries are divergent boundaries, where plates move apart; convergent boundaries, where plates move towards each other; and transform boundaries, where plates move past each other laterally. Each boundary type results in different geologic features and events due to the stresses caused by the ways plates are pulled, pushed, or sheared at their edges.
Earthquakes and volcanoes are not randomly distributed across the Earth's surface. They are concentrated in narrow zones, often along the edges of tectonic plates and continents. Specifically, many earthquakes and volcanoes occur along the western coasts of North and South America, and East and Southeast Asia. Identifying areas prone to earthquakes allows for necessary precautions to be taken by those living in at-risk regions. Mountain ranges are also often found in the same locations as earthquake epicenters and volcanoes. Scientists divide the lithosphere into tectonic plates based on the distributions of earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountains.
Scientists in the 1950s used sonar to map the mid-ocean ridge and discovered it was not flat but contained underwater mountains. This discovery led them to research what the ridge was and how it formed. Evidence from molten rock samples, magnetic stripes in the ocean crust, and the ages of rocks drilled from the ocean floor supported Harry Hess' theory from 1960 of sea-floor spreading, where new crust forms at mid-ocean ridges and spreads outward over time.
The document discusses volcanoes found in the Philippine archipelago. There are several volcanic belts distributed throughout the country that contain many active volcanoes. Some of the most active volcanoes with short repose periods mentioned are Mayon, Taal, Bulusan, Canlaon, Hibok-Hibok, and Pinatubo. Details are provided on the characteristics and eruptions of Taal, Mayon, Bulusan, Canlaon, and Pinatubo volcanoes.
The document provides evidence that supports the theory of plate tectonics. It describes how the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea hundreds of millions of years ago. It presents fossils of the same species found on different continents separated by oceans, indicating the landmasses were once closer. Additionally, fossils of tropical plants have been found in arctic areas and signs of past glaciation have been discovered in currently warm climates of places like South Africa. The magnetic properties of rocks also show that continents have moved over time.
Divergent plate boundaries occur when two tectonic plates move away from each other. As the plates separate, new crust is formed in between through volcanic activity and magma solidifying. This results in the creation of geological features such as mid-ocean ridges under the ocean or rift valleys on land. Over millions of years, continued separation at divergent boundaries can lead to the formation of new oceans as the crust spreads out.
This tacklesabout locating epicenter,3 typesof plate boundaries hotspot.
A ppt presentation for module 1 in 1st quarter in grade 10sciencein the Philippines.
Feel free tomessage mefor any corrections/suggestions forimprovement.
The document discusses the theory of plate tectonics, including what plates are, how they move, and the three types of plate boundaries. The three types of boundaries are divergent boundaries, where plates move apart; convergent boundaries, where plates move towards each other; and transform boundaries, where plates move past each other laterally. Each boundary type results in different geologic features and events due to the stresses caused by the ways plates are pulled, pushed, or sheared at their edges.
Earthquakes and volcanoes are not randomly distributed across the Earth's surface. They are concentrated in narrow zones, often along the edges of tectonic plates and continents. Specifically, many earthquakes and volcanoes occur along the western coasts of North and South America, and East and Southeast Asia. Identifying areas prone to earthquakes allows for necessary precautions to be taken by those living in at-risk regions. Mountain ranges are also often found in the same locations as earthquake epicenters and volcanoes. Scientists divide the lithosphere into tectonic plates based on the distributions of earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountains.
Scientists in the 1950s used sonar to map the mid-ocean ridge and discovered it was not flat but contained underwater mountains. This discovery led them to research what the ridge was and how it formed. Evidence from molten rock samples, magnetic stripes in the ocean crust, and the ages of rocks drilled from the ocean floor supported Harry Hess' theory from 1960 of sea-floor spreading, where new crust forms at mid-ocean ridges and spreads outward over time.
The document discusses volcanoes found in the Philippine archipelago. There are several volcanic belts distributed throughout the country that contain many active volcanoes. Some of the most active volcanoes with short repose periods mentioned are Mayon, Taal, Bulusan, Canlaon, Hibok-Hibok, and Pinatubo. Details are provided on the characteristics and eruptions of Taal, Mayon, Bulusan, Canlaon, and Pinatubo volcanoes.
This document discusses plate tectonics and earthquake concepts for geophysicists. It includes discussions of different plate boundary types (convergent, divergent, transform), the associated geological features like volcanoes, trenches and mountain ranges, and methods for locating earthquake epicenters using seismic station data and triangulation. Examples covered include the Hawaiian hotspot volcanic chain and determining the epicenter based on timing data from multiple seismic stations.
Earth and Life Science
Earth Materials and Processes: Deformation of the Crust
The learners shall be able to:
1) explain how the seafloor spreads (S11/12ESId-23);
2) describe the structure and evolution of ocean basins (S11/12ES-Id-24); and
3) explain how the movement of plates leads to the formation of folds and faults (S11/12ES-Id-22).
Specific Learning Outcomes
At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:
1. Discuss the history behind the Theory of Continental Drift;
2. Describe the Continental Drift Theory;
3. Enumerate and explain the evidence used to support the idea of drifting continents;
4. Identify major physiographic features of ocean basins
5. Describe the process of seafloor spreading
The Ring of Fire is a horseshoe-shaped area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean that is associated with about 452 volcanoes and is the location of approximately 90% of the world's earthquakes. It stretches over 25,000 miles from New Zealand to Japan through Alaska and down the west coast of North and South America. The Ring of Fire is located along the edges of tectonic plates with deep ocean trenches on the ocean side and continental landmasses on the interior side.
This document describes different types of volcanoes based on their structure and activity. It discusses cinder cone volcanoes, composite or stratovolcanoes, and shield volcanoes. Cinder cone volcanoes are the simplest with steep slopes built from ejected fragments. Composite volcanoes like Mayon Volcano have alternating layers of lava and ash. Shield volcanoes like Mauna Loa have broad, flat shapes formed from fluid lava flows. The document also differentiates between active volcanoes that have erupted recently and inactive volcanoes without eruptions in over 10,000 years.
The document discusses the theory of seafloor spreading, where new ocean crust is formed at mid-ocean ridges as tectonic plates move apart, and magnetic patterns in rocks on the ocean floor provide evidence of periodic reversals of the Earth's magnetic field. Analysis of magnetic stripes on both sides of ocean ridges that appear to be mirror images supports the idea that the seafloor is actively spreading.
This science lesson plan aims to teach 10th grade students about seafloor spreading through various classroom activities. Students will learn how seafloor spreading happens, how drill samples provided evidence of spreading, and the lines of evidence that support plate tectonics theory. The lesson involves engaging students with an animation and video on seafloor spreading, think-pair-share discussions, and an activity using a seafloor spreading model. Formative assessments include student diagrams illustrating seafloor spreading and additional activities on magnetic reversals are suggested for application and remediation.
This document provides an overview of the Grade 10 Earth and Space science curriculum in the Philippines. It covers two main modules on plate tectonics and Earth's interior. The plate tectonics module describes plate boundaries, processes at boundaries like earthquakes and volcanoes, and activities to teach these concepts. The Earth's interior module covers the internal structure of Earth and evidence that supports plate movement, with additional hands-on activities. The curriculum aims to explain geological phenomena based on the theory of plate tectonics.
Convergent plate boundaries occur where tectonic plates move towards one another. There are three main types:
1) Oceanic-oceanic, where two oceanic plates collide and one subducts under the other, forming ocean trenches.
2) Oceanic-continental, where an oceanic plate subducts under a continental plate, pushing up mountains.
3) Continental-continental, where collision resists subduction and the plates break and fold, forming mountains.
The document provides information about the structure and composition of Earth's interior. It discusses how scientists have studied the interior without direct exploration. It describes the three main layers - crust, mantle, and core. The crust is divided into continental and oceanic crust. The mantle is largely solid but flows slowly. The core is divided into a solid inner core and liquid outer core. Seismic waves have provided evidence about the composition and properties of the different layers.
This document discusses meteoroids, meteors, and meteorites. It begins by asking readers if they have seen a shooting star and clarifying that a shooting star is actually a meteor. It then defines meteoroids as broken up rocks and dust from comets, asteroids, the Moon or Mars. When meteoroid enters Earth's atmosphere, it heats up and burns, creating a meteor. Any fragment that survives this entry and reaches the ground is called a meteorite. The document differentiates these terms and shows where meteoroid, meteor and meteorite would be located. It includes a daily checkup quiz and assignment to research superstitious beliefs about space objects.
This document provides instructions for an activity to recreate the supercontinent Pangaea and support the Continental Drift Theory. Students will cut out and paste continents onto a map to show their positioning in Pangaea. They will then place icons within continents to indicate the locations of mountain ranges, coal deposits, and glacial features found as evidence. The activity aims to describe plate movement and cite evidence like rock and mountain correlations and paleoclimate data that support Continental Drift Theory.
Plates and list of all major and minor plates in the worldTahsin Islam Ornee
The definition of plates, Earth's interior, Boundaries and the list of the major and minor plates are included in the presentation with images, videos and information.
This document summarizes various coastal processes including waves, currents, tides, sea level changes, erosion, deposition, and landforms. It describes how waves, currents, and tides shape shorelines through erosion, transportation, and deposition of sediments. Key coastal landforms are discussed like spits, barrier islands, deltas, cliffs, wave-cut platforms, sea caves, sea arches, and sea stacks that form through these coastal processes. Biological activity and rising sea levels also impact coastal evolution over time.
Geological processes along plate boundaries module 5ABRILYN BULAWIN
This ppt is about Geologic events and Geologic features found along the plate boundaries. This PowerPoint is a lesson, especially for grade 10 students and teachers. This will help you understand topographies occur along plate boundaries.
The document discusses evidence that supports the continental drift theory proposed by Alfred Wegener. It describes an activity where students reconstruct the supercontinent Pangaea by fitting together continent landmass cutouts. The activity aims to showcase two key evidence: 1) the apparent fit of continents and 2) fossil correlations found across different continents. It also discusses two additional evidence put forth by Wegener: 3) past climate data like glacial striations found in present-day equatorial regions, and 4) correlations between mountain ranges and rock formations between separated continents.
This document provides information about natural signs of an impending tsunami and safety guidelines. It discusses how earthquakes, ocean water receding from shore, and loud roaring sounds can indicate a tsunami. The document outlines several steps people should take before, during, and after a tsunami, including evacuating to high ground, following evacuation orders, and not returning to ports if warnings are issued. It includes sample quiz questions to test comprehension.
Rock samples near mid-ocean ridges provided evidence for sea floor spreading. The youngest rocks were found near the ridges, with older rocks located farther away, showing that new crust was being created at the ridges over time. Additional evidence came from magnetic striping patterns in the rocks, which recorded changes in Earth's magnetic field during the formation of new ocean crust along the ridges. Hydrothermal vents at the ridges also indicated that magma chambers must be close to the surface in order to heat the water emerging from the vents.
Science 10 Module 1 Activity no 2. Let's Mark the BoundariesVicky Oliveros
This document provides instructions for an activity to identify boundaries between tectonic plates by mapping the distributions of earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountains. Students are asked to trace earthquake locations and volcanoes onto transparent sheets and overlay them to see their relationships. By noticing that earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountain ranges often occur in the same areas along plate boundaries, students are meant to understand the scientific basis for dividing the lithosphere into separate plates.
Plate tectonics is the theory that the Earth's outermost shell is divided into plates that constantly move and interact with one another. At plate boundaries, where the plates meet, seismic activity like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur. The three main types of plate boundaries are divergent boundaries, where plates move apart; convergent boundaries, where plates collide; and transform boundaries, where plates slide past one another. Each boundary type results in different geological features and phenomena.
Plate tectonics is the theory that the Earth's outermost shell is divided into plates that constantly move and interact with one another. Earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountain ranges occur primarily at plate boundaries. There are three main types of plate boundaries: divergent boundaries where plates move apart, convergent boundaries where plates move together, and transform boundaries where plates slide past one another. Each boundary type results in different geological effects depending on whether oceanic or continental crust is involved in the plate interaction.
This document discusses plate tectonics and earthquake concepts for geophysicists. It includes discussions of different plate boundary types (convergent, divergent, transform), the associated geological features like volcanoes, trenches and mountain ranges, and methods for locating earthquake epicenters using seismic station data and triangulation. Examples covered include the Hawaiian hotspot volcanic chain and determining the epicenter based on timing data from multiple seismic stations.
Earth and Life Science
Earth Materials and Processes: Deformation of the Crust
The learners shall be able to:
1) explain how the seafloor spreads (S11/12ESId-23);
2) describe the structure and evolution of ocean basins (S11/12ES-Id-24); and
3) explain how the movement of plates leads to the formation of folds and faults (S11/12ES-Id-22).
Specific Learning Outcomes
At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:
1. Discuss the history behind the Theory of Continental Drift;
2. Describe the Continental Drift Theory;
3. Enumerate and explain the evidence used to support the idea of drifting continents;
4. Identify major physiographic features of ocean basins
5. Describe the process of seafloor spreading
The Ring of Fire is a horseshoe-shaped area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean that is associated with about 452 volcanoes and is the location of approximately 90% of the world's earthquakes. It stretches over 25,000 miles from New Zealand to Japan through Alaska and down the west coast of North and South America. The Ring of Fire is located along the edges of tectonic plates with deep ocean trenches on the ocean side and continental landmasses on the interior side.
This document describes different types of volcanoes based on their structure and activity. It discusses cinder cone volcanoes, composite or stratovolcanoes, and shield volcanoes. Cinder cone volcanoes are the simplest with steep slopes built from ejected fragments. Composite volcanoes like Mayon Volcano have alternating layers of lava and ash. Shield volcanoes like Mauna Loa have broad, flat shapes formed from fluid lava flows. The document also differentiates between active volcanoes that have erupted recently and inactive volcanoes without eruptions in over 10,000 years.
The document discusses the theory of seafloor spreading, where new ocean crust is formed at mid-ocean ridges as tectonic plates move apart, and magnetic patterns in rocks on the ocean floor provide evidence of periodic reversals of the Earth's magnetic field. Analysis of magnetic stripes on both sides of ocean ridges that appear to be mirror images supports the idea that the seafloor is actively spreading.
This science lesson plan aims to teach 10th grade students about seafloor spreading through various classroom activities. Students will learn how seafloor spreading happens, how drill samples provided evidence of spreading, and the lines of evidence that support plate tectonics theory. The lesson involves engaging students with an animation and video on seafloor spreading, think-pair-share discussions, and an activity using a seafloor spreading model. Formative assessments include student diagrams illustrating seafloor spreading and additional activities on magnetic reversals are suggested for application and remediation.
This document provides an overview of the Grade 10 Earth and Space science curriculum in the Philippines. It covers two main modules on plate tectonics and Earth's interior. The plate tectonics module describes plate boundaries, processes at boundaries like earthquakes and volcanoes, and activities to teach these concepts. The Earth's interior module covers the internal structure of Earth and evidence that supports plate movement, with additional hands-on activities. The curriculum aims to explain geological phenomena based on the theory of plate tectonics.
Convergent plate boundaries occur where tectonic plates move towards one another. There are three main types:
1) Oceanic-oceanic, where two oceanic plates collide and one subducts under the other, forming ocean trenches.
2) Oceanic-continental, where an oceanic plate subducts under a continental plate, pushing up mountains.
3) Continental-continental, where collision resists subduction and the plates break and fold, forming mountains.
The document provides information about the structure and composition of Earth's interior. It discusses how scientists have studied the interior without direct exploration. It describes the three main layers - crust, mantle, and core. The crust is divided into continental and oceanic crust. The mantle is largely solid but flows slowly. The core is divided into a solid inner core and liquid outer core. Seismic waves have provided evidence about the composition and properties of the different layers.
This document discusses meteoroids, meteors, and meteorites. It begins by asking readers if they have seen a shooting star and clarifying that a shooting star is actually a meteor. It then defines meteoroids as broken up rocks and dust from comets, asteroids, the Moon or Mars. When meteoroid enters Earth's atmosphere, it heats up and burns, creating a meteor. Any fragment that survives this entry and reaches the ground is called a meteorite. The document differentiates these terms and shows where meteoroid, meteor and meteorite would be located. It includes a daily checkup quiz and assignment to research superstitious beliefs about space objects.
This document provides instructions for an activity to recreate the supercontinent Pangaea and support the Continental Drift Theory. Students will cut out and paste continents onto a map to show their positioning in Pangaea. They will then place icons within continents to indicate the locations of mountain ranges, coal deposits, and glacial features found as evidence. The activity aims to describe plate movement and cite evidence like rock and mountain correlations and paleoclimate data that support Continental Drift Theory.
Plates and list of all major and minor plates in the worldTahsin Islam Ornee
The definition of plates, Earth's interior, Boundaries and the list of the major and minor plates are included in the presentation with images, videos and information.
This document summarizes various coastal processes including waves, currents, tides, sea level changes, erosion, deposition, and landforms. It describes how waves, currents, and tides shape shorelines through erosion, transportation, and deposition of sediments. Key coastal landforms are discussed like spits, barrier islands, deltas, cliffs, wave-cut platforms, sea caves, sea arches, and sea stacks that form through these coastal processes. Biological activity and rising sea levels also impact coastal evolution over time.
Geological processes along plate boundaries module 5ABRILYN BULAWIN
This ppt is about Geologic events and Geologic features found along the plate boundaries. This PowerPoint is a lesson, especially for grade 10 students and teachers. This will help you understand topographies occur along plate boundaries.
The document discusses evidence that supports the continental drift theory proposed by Alfred Wegener. It describes an activity where students reconstruct the supercontinent Pangaea by fitting together continent landmass cutouts. The activity aims to showcase two key evidence: 1) the apparent fit of continents and 2) fossil correlations found across different continents. It also discusses two additional evidence put forth by Wegener: 3) past climate data like glacial striations found in present-day equatorial regions, and 4) correlations between mountain ranges and rock formations between separated continents.
This document provides information about natural signs of an impending tsunami and safety guidelines. It discusses how earthquakes, ocean water receding from shore, and loud roaring sounds can indicate a tsunami. The document outlines several steps people should take before, during, and after a tsunami, including evacuating to high ground, following evacuation orders, and not returning to ports if warnings are issued. It includes sample quiz questions to test comprehension.
Rock samples near mid-ocean ridges provided evidence for sea floor spreading. The youngest rocks were found near the ridges, with older rocks located farther away, showing that new crust was being created at the ridges over time. Additional evidence came from magnetic striping patterns in the rocks, which recorded changes in Earth's magnetic field during the formation of new ocean crust along the ridges. Hydrothermal vents at the ridges also indicated that magma chambers must be close to the surface in order to heat the water emerging from the vents.
Science 10 Module 1 Activity no 2. Let's Mark the BoundariesVicky Oliveros
This document provides instructions for an activity to identify boundaries between tectonic plates by mapping the distributions of earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountains. Students are asked to trace earthquake locations and volcanoes onto transparent sheets and overlay them to see their relationships. By noticing that earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountain ranges often occur in the same areas along plate boundaries, students are meant to understand the scientific basis for dividing the lithosphere into separate plates.
Plate tectonics is the theory that the Earth's outermost shell is divided into plates that constantly move and interact with one another. At plate boundaries, where the plates meet, seismic activity like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur. The three main types of plate boundaries are divergent boundaries, where plates move apart; convergent boundaries, where plates collide; and transform boundaries, where plates slide past one another. Each boundary type results in different geological features and phenomena.
Plate tectonics is the theory that the Earth's outermost shell is divided into plates that constantly move and interact with one another. Earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountain ranges occur primarily at plate boundaries. There are three main types of plate boundaries: divergent boundaries where plates move apart, convergent boundaries where plates move together, and transform boundaries where plates slide past one another. Each boundary type results in different geological effects depending on whether oceanic or continental crust is involved in the plate interaction.
introduction of plate tectonics leading to finding the epicenter.
Divergent plate boundary is alsoincluded in the ppt. Search the activity sheet on this topic also uploaded here
This document discusses natural hazards caused by tectonic and climate-related events. It provides details on the internal structure of the Earth, including the crust and mantle. It then focuses on plate tectonics, explaining the three main types of plate boundaries and associated landforms. Specific examples are given for each plate boundary type. The document also addresses causes of earthquakes and their impacts, as well as types and characteristics of volcanoes.
Advanced petrology ( tectonic and sedimentation).pptx
How the sedimentation where taken and the kind of transportation process is going on? The role of plate tectonic settings in sedimentation.
WHAT IS A PLATE? MAJOR PLATES. Types of Earth’s Crust. Plate BoundaryUday Kumar Shil
The document discusses plate tectonics and the key concepts of plate tectonic theory. It describes how the lithosphere is broken into large plates that move over Earth's surface, driven by convection currents in the underlying mantle. It outlines the three main types of plate boundaries - divergent boundaries where new crust forms, transform boundaries where plates slide past each other, and convergent boundaries where plates collide and one slides under the other. It also discusses the evidence that supported the development of plate tectonic theory, such as seafloor spreading and magnetic reversals recorded in oceanic crust.
This document discusses three main types of plate boundaries: divergent boundaries, convergent boundaries, and transform boundaries. It provides examples and describes the geological effects of each boundary type. It also discusses processes at divergent boundaries like mid-ocean ridges and continental rift valleys. Convergent boundaries include oceanic-oceanic convergence forming island arcs, and continental-oceanic convergence forming volcanic mountain ranges. Transform boundaries involve strike-slip faulting along plate edges. Additionally, the document touches on hot spot volcanism unrelated to plate boundaries.
The document summarizes plate tectonics, providing details on:
1) The structure of the Earth's core and mantle, and how convection currents cause plate movements.
2) Evidence for plate tectonics including seafloor spreading and magnetic reversals in ocean crust.
3) The three types of plate boundaries and associated geological features like ocean trenches and volcanic activity.
Internal structure of earth with repect to seismic wavesShah Naseer
This document discusses the structure and composition of Earth's interior as revealed through seismic wave studies. It describes the major layers as follows:
The crust, which is thinner and denser under the oceans than continents. Below is the mantle, which extends to a depth of 2,890 km and is denser than the crust. The lower mantle has higher seismic wave velocities than the upper mantle. The core lies below the mantle, with the liquid outer core surrounding a solid inner core. Seismic waves have provided evidence of this internal structure.
Early evidence that led to the idea of continental drift included the matching coastlines of continents on opposite sides of the Atlantic Ocean. Alfred Wegener later proposed the hypothesis of continental drift, suggesting the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea. Wegener provided additional evidence from rock and fossil distributions, but his hypothesis was rejected by most scientists at the time due to the lack of a proposed mechanism for continental movement. The development of technologies like sonar and magnetometers in the 1940s-50s revealed the structures of ocean ridges and trenches on the seafloor. Analysis of seafloor sediments and magnetic patterns from basalt flows provided evidence that the ocean floor spreads outward from mid-ocean ridges. This
Geologists have learned about Earth's interior through examining rock samples and studying seismic waves. Temperature and pressure both increase with depth inside Earth. The crust and mantle are divided into layers with different physical properties. Convection currents in the mantle are driven by heat from the core and cause the tectonic plates to slowly move over time. The theory of plate tectonics explains how new crust forms at mid-ocean ridges and old crust is recycled into the mantle at subduction zones, causing the plates to drift apart or collide together over hundreds of millions of years.
This document provides information about plate tectonics and the dynamics of the Earth. It discusses key topics such as continental drift, Earth's layered structure, types of plate boundaries including convergent, divergent and transform boundaries, seafloor spreading, plate motions, and forces driving plate tectonics. The objectives are to understand concepts like continental drift, Earth's structure, plate margins, seafloor spreading, how plates move on the surface of the sphere, and driving forces. Diagrams and figures are included to illustrate these topics.
The document summarizes key aspects of plate tectonics theory. There are 12 major tectonic plates and several minor plates that make up the Earth's surface. The plates move over time via processes like convection currents in the mantle. Plate boundaries are marked by tectonic activity and different types of crust exist, with oceanic crust being thinner and younger than continental crust.
Ophiolites provide evidence for the composition and structure of oceanic crust and the upper mantle. They represent sections of oceanic crust and upper mantle that have been obducted or thrust onto continental margins. Studying ophiolites like the Samail ophiolite in Oman has helped scientists understand the layered sequence of rocks that make up oceanic crust, including extrusive basalts, dikes, and intrusive gabbros.
The document summarizes key concepts of plate tectonic theory. It explains that the lithosphere is made up of rigid tectonic plates that float on the asthenosphere and move at rates of 1-16 cm/year. There are three main types of plate boundaries - divergent where plates move apart, convergent where they move together, and transform where they slide past each other. Plate tectonics generates phenomena like earthquakes, volcanoes, mountain building and affects climate by moving continents and oceans over geologic time.
explanation of the seismology and study of the earth's interior besides the shadow zone and the Moho. the presentation include the gravity anomalies with the definition of the isostasy.
4.-Plate-Tectonics Presntation for high schools.pdfJakeSarmiento9
The document discusses plate tectonics theory and provides evidence that supports continental drift and seafloor spreading. It explains that plates move due to convection currents in the mantle, which also cause seafloor to spread at mid-ocean ridges. New seafloor is formed at ridges and old seafloor is destroyed at subduction zones. As plates move over time, this changes configurations of oceans and continents.
The document discusses the structure and composition of the Earth. It describes the lithosphere as the solid, outer part of the planet made of rock. It then explains the three main layers of the Earth - crust, mantle, and core. Seismic waves from earthquakes reveal the different composition and state of these layers. The document also discusses plate tectonics and how the movements of plates cause different landforms and geological features at plate boundaries through processes like folding and faulting. Major faults in the Philippines are also outlined, along with earthquake preparedness.
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Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
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2. Learning Objectives:
1. Identify the different types of plate boundaries
2. Explain the different processes occurs along types of plate
boundaries.
3. Distinguish the different geologic formation and events
happening along types of plate boundaries.
4. Name important features along plate boundaries.
3. Recall
Triangulation Method
Steps and Processes
1. Evaluate the data from three different
seismological recording stations. (Analyze)
2. Determine the difference in the arrival time
of P-wave and S-wave recorded from each
recording stations
3. Determine the distance of the epicenter
from the station
4. Use the triangulation method to locate the
center.
4. Recall
Outside the country
The travel of P-wave and S-
wave already covers
kilometers of distance in
time difference of minutes.
Since the Primary Wave
moves faster than the
Secondary wave, it reaches
first the detector which is the
seismograph that is based
on every recording stations.
6. Active Volcanoes in the Philippines
• The Philippines is blessed with
so many majestic and active
volcanoes. Some are inactive and
some are dormant. From Luzon,
Visayas and Mindanao, many
volcanoes within the country
have recorded several cases of
volcanic activity, releases fumes
and poisonous gas and the
deadly flowing of magma turned
lava from the crater of this land
formations.
8. Plate Tectonics
The Earth is divided into
several major and minor
plates.
Plates are rigid sections of
the lithosphere that move
as a unit. The earth’s
lithosphere comprises the
crusts and the upper
portion of the mantle.
Based on the geologic
9. Plate Boundaries
How will you describe
each plate boundaries?
Divergent plate boundary
– there is moving away or
moving apart of two
plates at opposite
directions.
Convergent plate
10. Convergence between plates and crusts
•Oceanic – oceanic
convergence
•Oceanic – continental
convergence
•Two continental
11. Oceanic-Continental Convergence
• In this kind of convergence,
there is an overriding of
oceanic crust under the
continental crust causing to
thrust on the earth’s interior,
we call this process as
subduction. As the subduction
rate continues, it form deeper
portion under the body of
water which now known as
14. Oceanic-Continental Convergence
This happen due to difference on thickness and
densities of the two crusts, the continental crust is
thicker but less dense causing rise on top of the
oceanic crust which is thinner but denser. The
chemical composition also affects the subduction
process. The continental is made up of granite, while
oceanic crust is made up of basalt that is denser
than granite.
15. Oceanic- Oceanic Convergence
In this kind of convergence, two
oceanic crusts, meet and create
deeper portion resulting to deeper
trench which extends up to 80 km
deep. Parallel to this trench are
series of volcanoes line known as
island arc with a concentration of
reservoir of melted magma,
waiting to rise, as soon as the
fault along plates boundary move.
16. Oceanic- Oceanic Convergence
Another result of this
kind of convergence is
the sudden flick of
oceanic floor due to
movement of plates
causing to produce high
seismic energy and
eventually develop huge
wage known as tsunami.
17. Hotspot
Hotspot is the concentration of
molten rocks where series of
island volcanoes are located and
their age can be determined
through plate movement,. The
farther the location of the island
volcano through time, the older
is the volcano. It means island
volcano on top of plume where
active hotspot is located is
considered as the youngest
among them.
18. Continental crusts converge
•In this kind of
convergence, no
depression occur so
there is no trench that
will likely develop,
since continental crust
is thick, it tends to form
an upward depression,
22. Divergent Plate Boundary
• A divergence occur at the middle of the ocean, separating
of two oceanic crusts due to high pressure from the earth’s
interior. The action of the asthenosphere and the rising
magma, allows the plates to move sideways, dragging the
crusts leaving a space in between. As years went by, the
space is filled with cooled magma rise and stuck to form
huge towers of column known as oceanic ridges.
24. Continental crusts divergence
When two landforms move and separate due to high
pressure, results to wider space, creating enough
habitat for wildlife. The space in between is now called
rift valleys.
25. Transform Fault Plate Boundary
• In this plate boundary, two plates move side by side
causing to develop tension and tremors that eventually
lead to earthquake
26. Transform Fault Plate Boundary
• In this plate boundary, two plates move side by side
causing to develop tension and tremors that eventually
lead to earthquake