This is the 7th lesson of the course 'Poverty and Environment ' taught at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
Geographic Regions: by definition There three types of regions Formal regions are areas where a certain characteristic is found throughout. Functional regions consist of a central place and the surrounding places affected by it. Perceptual regions are defined by people’s attitudes and feelings about areas. 4.
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:Environment and Development
Lesson : Environment and Development
Faculty Name: Saurabh Deshpande
This slide discusses about the core-periphery model given by John Friedmann. This model is basically a model of regional Development. You will able to learn about the core-periphery model very easily by this slide.
Theme 4 - Climate Change Mitigation and AdaptationCIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation by Christopher Martius, Henry Neufeldt, Glenn Hyman and Laura Snook focuses on the objectives and structure of the climate change adaptation and mitigation program of the FTA Research Program, their evolution over time, the major accomplishments and the main obstacles and challenges.
Geographic Regions: by definition There three types of regions Formal regions are areas where a certain characteristic is found throughout. Functional regions consist of a central place and the surrounding places affected by it. Perceptual regions are defined by people’s attitudes and feelings about areas. 4.
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:Environment and Development
Lesson : Environment and Development
Faculty Name: Saurabh Deshpande
This slide discusses about the core-periphery model given by John Friedmann. This model is basically a model of regional Development. You will able to learn about the core-periphery model very easily by this slide.
Theme 4 - Climate Change Mitigation and AdaptationCIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation by Christopher Martius, Henry Neufeldt, Glenn Hyman and Laura Snook focuses on the objectives and structure of the climate change adaptation and mitigation program of the FTA Research Program, their evolution over time, the major accomplishments and the main obstacles and challenges.
POPULATION GEOGRAPHY vs. DEMOGRAPHY
Preface of the terms.
Variability between the terms.
Skills to the study of Population Geography.
Importance of Demographics and its Data.
Factors examined by the field of demography.
Demographic Transition Theory (DTT).
Population Pyramid.
Association between the terms.
Stats / Graphs of India – with referencing to Population and Demography.
India’s population projection.
Bibliography.
Levels, Patterns and Trends of Urbanization (World)ShreemoyeeSaha1
1. What is Urbanization?
2. Levels of Urbanization in the World
3. Patterns of Urbanization in the World : Demographic Changes, Economic Development, Consumption Pattern, Urban Footprint.
4. Patterns of Urbanization in Asia.
5. Trends of Urbanization in the World : Past, Recent and Future Trends.
6. Timeline of Urbanization in the World (1950- 2050)
7. Projected Urban and Rural Population.
8. Urbanization and Sustainability.
this presentation is aimed to describe either population growth is a major factor in environmental change or somethings else is underlying in this phenomenon?
Human Ecology is the study and assessment of the mutual interconnections between people and their environments at multiple scales and multiple time frames [1]. The subject is informed by ecological and evolutionary theory in biology and by the predominant concepts of landscape and spatial relationships in geography; but recognizes that humans have gradually achieved partial ecological and geographical dominance through their culturally given but continually changing technology and social, economic, and political arrangements. Human ecology subsumes such specialized approaches to these relationships and links as cultural ecology, political ecology, geography, ecological anthropology, environmental sociology, environmental economics, environmental psychology, and environmental history [2].
6].
Which actor holds the right to the land is going to determine how the resources will be used, so it follows that changes in tenure will have an influence on the landscape. This presentation uses various methods to look at the dynamic between land tenure and land use change in the Brazilian Amazon. This presentation was given during CIFOR’s Annual Meeting 2012, which was held on 1–5 October at the headquarters in Bogor, Indonesia.
This presentation by Daju Pradnja Resosudarmo
focuses on all the benefits forests provide, what problems forests still face, what is causing these problems, how we can strengthen forests in the landscape and what role Sustainable Development Goals could play.
The primary aim of studying settlement geography is to acquaint with the spatial and structural characteristics of human settlements under varied environmental conditions.
This is the 7th lesson of the course - Foundation of Environmental Management taught at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
It is as per the syllabus of M.Sc. NRM including detailed study of population ecology
It describes the meaning of population with respect to ecology and includes population attributes, dynamics, dispersal, Population growth models, survivorship curves and limitations.
It also entails factors that influence and regulate population growth on the basis of density.
POPULATION GEOGRAPHY vs. DEMOGRAPHY
Preface of the terms.
Variability between the terms.
Skills to the study of Population Geography.
Importance of Demographics and its Data.
Factors examined by the field of demography.
Demographic Transition Theory (DTT).
Population Pyramid.
Association between the terms.
Stats / Graphs of India – with referencing to Population and Demography.
India’s population projection.
Bibliography.
Levels, Patterns and Trends of Urbanization (World)ShreemoyeeSaha1
1. What is Urbanization?
2. Levels of Urbanization in the World
3. Patterns of Urbanization in the World : Demographic Changes, Economic Development, Consumption Pattern, Urban Footprint.
4. Patterns of Urbanization in Asia.
5. Trends of Urbanization in the World : Past, Recent and Future Trends.
6. Timeline of Urbanization in the World (1950- 2050)
7. Projected Urban and Rural Population.
8. Urbanization and Sustainability.
this presentation is aimed to describe either population growth is a major factor in environmental change or somethings else is underlying in this phenomenon?
Human Ecology is the study and assessment of the mutual interconnections between people and their environments at multiple scales and multiple time frames [1]. The subject is informed by ecological and evolutionary theory in biology and by the predominant concepts of landscape and spatial relationships in geography; but recognizes that humans have gradually achieved partial ecological and geographical dominance through their culturally given but continually changing technology and social, economic, and political arrangements. Human ecology subsumes such specialized approaches to these relationships and links as cultural ecology, political ecology, geography, ecological anthropology, environmental sociology, environmental economics, environmental psychology, and environmental history [2].
6].
Which actor holds the right to the land is going to determine how the resources will be used, so it follows that changes in tenure will have an influence on the landscape. This presentation uses various methods to look at the dynamic between land tenure and land use change in the Brazilian Amazon. This presentation was given during CIFOR’s Annual Meeting 2012, which was held on 1–5 October at the headquarters in Bogor, Indonesia.
This presentation by Daju Pradnja Resosudarmo
focuses on all the benefits forests provide, what problems forests still face, what is causing these problems, how we can strengthen forests in the landscape and what role Sustainable Development Goals could play.
The primary aim of studying settlement geography is to acquaint with the spatial and structural characteristics of human settlements under varied environmental conditions.
This is the 7th lesson of the course - Foundation of Environmental Management taught at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
It is as per the syllabus of M.Sc. NRM including detailed study of population ecology
It describes the meaning of population with respect to ecology and includes population attributes, dynamics, dispersal, Population growth models, survivorship curves and limitations.
It also entails factors that influence and regulate population growth on the basis of density.
It is as per the syllabus of M.Sc. NRM including detailed study of population ecology
It describes the meaning of population with respect to ecology and includes population attributes, dynamics, dispersal, Population growth models, survivorship curves and limitations.
It also entails factors that influence and regulate population growth on the basis of density.
The human population and the environment: factors affecting population growth...St Xaviers
Here is another project. based on -effects of human population on the environment in brief. Consisting the factors affecting population growth, effects of population, and prediction of population growth rate
Population : The word population has been derived from the Latin word “populatio” which means people.
The group of individual species which occupy a definite geographic area is defined as population.
Population Growth : The change in population per unit area at particular time is called population Growth.
This is the 6th lesson of the course - Foundation of Environmental Management taught at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
This is a presentation made on Climate Smart Agriculture for training of trainers under the project on Building Resilience and Strengthening Community Disaster Preparedness in Sri Lanka
4 Climate Resilience WV English for training of trainersDr. P.B.Dharmasena
This is a presentation made for trainers on Climate Resilience
under the project on Building Resilience and Strengthening Community Disaster Preparedness in Sri Lanka
This is a TOT presentation made on Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for the project - Building Resilience and Strengthening Community Disaster Preparedness in Sri Lanka
2 Climate change on agriculture for training of trainersDr. P.B.Dharmasena
This is a TOT presentation on Agriculture and Climate Change
made for the project - Building Resilience and Strengthening Community Disaster Preparedness in Sri Lanka
1 Climate and Soil for training of trainers.WV English.pdfDr. P.B.Dharmasena
This is a presentation made for trainers on soil and climate under the project on Building Resilience and Strengthening Community Disaster Preparedness in Sri Lanka
Developing 2050 Carbon Net Zero Road Map & Strategic Plan for Sri Lanka - ...Dr. P.B.Dharmasena
This validation workshop was held after preparing the Road Map and Strategic Plan for Sri Lanka and the authors are responsible for the agriculture sector.
Sustainable Water Management in Cascade System: A model in Environmentally Se...Dr. P.B.Dharmasena
Introduction
Origin of tank cascade concept
Tank cascade systems of Sri Lanka: Anatomy, distribution and definitions
Importance of cascade approach
Traditional tank-village ecosystem – adaptive capacity for present situation
Restoration of Tank Cascade Systems for Productivity and SustainabilityDr. P.B.Dharmasena
Presentation made for Technical staff of Climate Resilient Integrated Water Management Project (CRIWMP) at Kurunegala on 9th May 2018
Why cascade systems again?
Drought and flood events can be expected more due to climate change
High prevalence of poverty in tank cascade areas
Mal-nutrition can be greatly reduced by tank fishery and animal husbandry
Better land use under cascade principles – addresses ecological issues such as clearance of village forests, unsustainable land use etc.
Improve living conditions
Health issues ? – drinking water, contamination of agro-chemicals and heavy metals leads to kidney failures, malaria etc.
Most importantly It is an answer to drought hazards
A rainwater harvesting technology;
A soil moisture and groundwater maintaining technology;
A soil erosion and siltation control technology;
A technology that ensured the maintenance of ecological balance;
A technology that promotes social cohesion and needs for community leadership;
A system that accommodates spiritual development which promotes egalitarian (equally treated) attitudes especially during droughts;
A system that nurtured the development of drought insurance through animal husbandry
Cascade Tank Village System and identification of novel post graduate researc...Dr. P.B.Dharmasena
Seminar on Research collaboration opportunities with School of Environment and Rural Science, University of New England, Australia - 14th September 2018, NRMC, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
Main GHGs from agricultural lands are CH4 and N2O
GHG emission can be reduced by 60 % in 2050 through:
Removal of rice straws and through good management practices in paddy fields
Use alternatives to chemical fertilizer
CH4 reduction from livestock by improving feed quality and animal comfort
Reduce N2O emission in soils
Enhance C sequestration in paddy and rainfed uplands through ‘Evergreen Agro-ecosystem’ concept
Carbon stock in agricultural lands can be enhanced by improving land management practices
C sequestration in tea lands can be increased through: Agro-ecosystem approach; Crop diversification; Intercropping; Introduction of shade trees with optimum density; and Rehabilitation of old tea lands
C stock can be increased by 267 % by the year 2050 through Home Garden Intensification
If the proposed mitigation actions are implemented, the country will be able to achieve Net Zero by 2038.
This lecture was delivered to Agricultural Instructors working for Climate Smart Agriculture Project in 11 districts in the dry zone of Sri Lanka. It includes Climate Smart Agriculture, Special characters in CSA, technological packages for crops such as paddy, maize etc. and livestock such as cattle, poultry etc.
This lecture was delivered for the Agricultural Instructors working for Climate Smart Agriculture project in 11 districts in the dry zone of Sri Lanka. It includes climate change and climate variability, Relevance of global impacts of climate change. Green House Gas (GHG) emission, Reduction of GHG in the agriculture sector, targets for GHG reduction up to 2050, new agriculture concepts to reduce GHG and increase carbon sequestration
Management of Soils in the dry zone of Sri Lanka (Sinhala).pdfDr. P.B.Dharmasena
This lecture was delivered to Agricultural Instructors working for Climate Smart Agriculture Project in 11 dry zone districts of Sri Lanka. It includes most abundant soils in Sri Lanka, Land degradation, Sustainable Land Management, new concepts immerged in agriculture to address climate change impacts.
The lecture delivered for Agricultural Instructors working for Climate Smart Agriculture Project in 11 districts of Sri Lanka. It explains the difference between climate and weather, factors affecting climate variation in Sri Lanka, Rainfall, altitude, degree of wetness etc.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Top 8 Strategies for Effective Sustainable Waste Management.pdfJhon Wick
Discover top strategies for effective sustainable waste management, including product removal and product destruction. Learn how to reduce, reuse, recycle, compost, implement waste segregation, and explore innovative technologies for a greener future.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
3. What is Carrying Capacity?
• Is the maximum
population a habitat can
support indefinitely
• Population exceeds it,
for long periods,
degrades its
environment and
reduces future carrying
capacity
4. Carrying capacity of environment
1. Generally carrying capacity reflects ability of bearing or containing
something in maximum continuously
2. Therefore, carrying capacity of an environment with regard to a
biological species is the maximum population size of the species that
the environment can sustain indefinitely, given the food,
habitat, water and other necessities available in the environment.
3. In population biology, carrying capacity is the environment's maximal
load, which is different from the concept of population equilibrium.
4. With regard to the human population, more complex variables such
as sanitation and medical care are sometimes considered as part of the
necessary establishment.
5. As population density increases, birth rate often decreases and death
rate typically increases.
6. The difference between the birth rate and the death rate is the "natural
increase".
7. The carrying capacity could support a positive natural increase, or
could require a negative natural increase.
5. 1. Carrying capacity is the number of individuals an environment
can support without significant negative impacts to the given
organism and its environment.
2. Below carrying capacity, populations typically increase, while
above, they typically decrease.
3. A factor that keeps population size at equilibrium is known as
a regulating factor.
4. Population size decreases above carrying capacity due to a range
of factors depending on the species concerned,
5. but can include insufficient space, food supply, or sunlight.
6. The carrying capacity of an environment may vary for different
species and may change over time
7. due to a variety of factors, including:
food availability,
water supply,
environmental conditions and
living space.
6. 1. Several estimates of the carrying capacity have been made with a
wide range of population numbers.
2. UN report (2001) said that two-thirds of the estimates fall in the
range of 4 billion to 16 billion (with unspecified standard errors),
with a median of about 10 billion.
3. More recent estimates are much lower, particularly if resource
depletion and increased consumption are considered.
4. The application of the concept of carrying capacity for the human
population has been criticized for not successfully capturing the
multi-layered processes between humans and the environment,
which have a nature of fluidity and non-equilibrium, and for
sometimes being employed in a blame-the-victim framework.
5. Supporters of the concept argue that the idea of a finite carrying
capacity is just as valid when applied to humans as when applied
to any other species.
6. Animal population size, living standards, and resource depletion
vary, but the concept of carrying capacity still applies.
7. Waste and over-consumption especially by wealthy people and
nations, is putting more strain on the environment than
overpopulation.
8. Carrying Capacity
• When a population is BELOW its carrying
capacity, it will INCREASE in size
• Birth rate exceeds death rates
Time
Populationsize
9. Carrying Capacity
• But if it increases too much and rises ABOVE
its carrying capacity, it will DECREASE in size
• Death rate exceeds birth rate
Time
Populationsize
10. Carrying Capacity
• This happens over and over… but the increases
and decreases get smaller and smaller…
Time
Populationsize
11. Carrying Capacity
• Until eventually, the population size BECOMES
STABLE AT THE CARRYING CAPACITY
• Birth rate = death rate
Time
Populationsize
12. Carrying Capacity
• Carrying capacity can also have a broader
meaning. It can be defined as the number of
living things (plants and animals) any area of
land or water can support at any one time.
• Different organisms will have different
carrying capacities in the same area. Thus, the
carrying capacity of an ecosystem affects
everything that lives in it.
13. • Population: all the individuals of a
species that live together in an area
• Demography: the statistical study of
populations, make predictions about how
a population will change
POPULATIONS
& CARRYING CAPACITY
14. Three Key Characteristics
of Populations
• Size, number of
individuals (N)
• Density (N/ area)
• Dispersion,
– Random, uniform,
clumped,
• (appropriate scale)
15. Three Key Characteristics of
Populations
• 1. Size: number of individuals in an area
– Characterized by (N)
Growth Rate:
Birth Rate (natality) - Death Rate (mortality)
(How many individuals are born vs. how many die)
16. Three Key Characteristics of Populations
• 2. Density: measurement of population per unit area or
unit volume
Pop. Density = # of individuals
unit of space
16
4 Factors that affect density
1. Immigration- movement of individuals into a population
2. Emigration- movement of individuals out of a population
3. Density-dependent factors- Biotic factors in the environment that have
an increasing effect as population size increases
Ex. Disease, competition, parasites
4. Density-independent factors- Abiotic factors in the environment that affect
populations regardless of their density
Ex. Temperature, storms, habitat destruction, drought
17. Three Key Characteristics of
Populations
02 June 2010 Populations.ppt 17
• Dispersion: describes
their spacing relative to
each other
20. Changes in populations
• Growth
– Expansion of species’ populations may lead to
evolution of new species
• Decline
– Shrinking species’ populations may lead to
extinction
• Small populations
• Narrowly specialized species
02 June 2010 20Populations.ppt
21. Changes in populations
• ΔN = +B +I –D –E
– +B = births (birth rate)
– +I = immigrants (immigration rate)
– – D = deaths (death rate)
– – E = emigrants (emigration rate)
– (For many [most] natural populations I and E
are minimal.)
22. Other factors that affect population
growth
Limiting factor- any biotic or abiotic
factor that restricts the existence of
organisms in a specific environment.
–EX.- Amount of water
Amount of food
Temperature
02 June 2010 Populations.ppt 22
23. Other factors that affect population
growth
• Carrying Capacity- the maximum population
size that can be supported by the available
resources
• There can only be as many organisms as the
environmental resources can support
26. Logistic model
• Logistic model works, to a point.
– Real organisms have time lags for growth, time to
develop eggs, flowers, etc.
• seasonality, longevity
– Real populations may exceed carrying capacity.
• Easter Island
• Pribloff Reindeer
• Kaibab Deer
27. Easter Island – An Example
• Discovered by Polynesians ~ A.D. 1000
• Population grew to several thousand
– Used trees for canoes to hunt dolphins
– Used wood for cooking
– Also ate birds, eggs, vegetables
• Resources (trees) depleted
– No canoes, no dolphins
– Warfare over land, food resources
• Population fell to ~ 100 when discovered by
Dutch, Easter Sunday 1722.
28. 2 Life History Patterns
1. “R” Strategists
short life span
small body size
reproduce quickly
have many young
little parental care
Ex: cockroaches, weeds,
bacteria
29. 2 Life History Patterns
2. “K” Strategists
long life span
large body size
reproduce slowly
have few young
provides parental care
Ex: humans, elephants
30. Two general types of
Life History Strategies
Life History trait r-adapted,
Opportunistic
K-adapted,
Equilibrium
Offspring Many, small (high r) Fewer, large (low r)
Offspring survival Low High
Parental care Rare Common
Reproductive age Early Later
Reprod. “seasons” 1-few Many
Habitat Unstable, temporary Stable, permanent
Competitiveness Low High
Population regulation Density independent Density dependent
Population fluctuation Irruptive Stable near K
31. Life History Strategies
• Survivorship curves of Opportunistic and
Equilibrium species
– Opportunistic have Type III
– Equilibrium have Type I
32. Life History Strategies
• Fluctuating populations of two interacting populations
– Based on pelts sold by Canadian trappers to the Hudson Bay
Company, ~1840-1940.