call girls in Kamla Market (DELHI) 🔝 >༒9953330565🔝 genuine Escort Service 🔝✔️✔️
Diversity in Living Organisms
1.
2. Diversity In Living Organisms
Made By :Rishabh Anand
Class
: IX
Sec
: ‘C’
Roll No. : 28
School
:KV No.2 AF Srinagar
3. We classify organisms because of the following reasons
It helps us to identify and communicate easy
It helps us to study easier about them
There are millions of organisms (approx.. 1.5 million)
in the world
To Understand and study all these organisms is
impossible. If they are arranged into different groups
based on their similarities in characteristics, then it is
easier to study the group as a whole.
4. These Biologists such as Ernst Haeckel (1894),Robert
Whittaker (1959) and Carl Woese (1977) have tried to
classify organisms into broad categories called
Kingdoms.
Whittaker classify Organisms into five Kingdoms
1.Moners
2.Protista
3.Fungi
4.Plantae
5.Animalia
They classified organisms through their cell structure ,
mode and source of nutrition,etc.
5. Woese introduced by dividing the Monera into
Archaebacteria and Eubacteria.
Woese further classified by naming the sub groups at
various levels. Given Below:Kingdom
Phylum (for animals )/Division (for plants)
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Thus, by separating organisms on the basic of hierarchy
characteristics into smaller and smaller groups we arrive at
basic classification. Which is a species.
Whittaker divided species into five kingdoms.
7. They do not have defined nucleus or organelles –
Prokaryotes.
They are unicellular organisms.
They show diversity based on many characteristics.
Some have cell wall some do not have cell wall.
They can be heterotrophic (they get food from outside
the body) and autotrophic (they can synthesising their
own food ).
9. They are Eukaryotic organelles.
They are unicellular organisms.
Some of them use Appendages – Hair like cilia or whip
for moving around .
Their mode can be heterotrophic or autotrophic.
10.
11. They are Eukaryotes organelles.
They are heterotrophic organisms which use decaying
organic material as food and are called as Saprophytes.
Many of them have the capacity to became
multicellular organisms at certain stage of their life's.
They have cell wall made up of tough complex sugar
called Chitin.
Some fungi live with permanent mutually dependent
relationship with blue green algae and are called as
Symbiotic . And the life process is called Lichens.
12.
13. These animals are multicellular organisms with cell
walls.
These are eukaryotes organelles.
They are autotrophic- use chlorophyll for
photosynthesis.
All plants lie in this Group.
They are defined into subgroups.
14.
15. They are Multicellular organisms.
They are Eukaryotes organelles.
All animal lie in this group.
They do not have cell wall.
E.g.:-
17. Plantae is divided into many parts:1.Thallophyta
2.Bryophyta
3.Pteridophyta
4.Gymnosperms
5.Angiosperms
18. The plant that do not have well differentiated body
design lie in this group.
This group is mainly found in aquatic .
This group is commonly called Algae.
These have naked Embryos and are called spores and
are very inconspicuous and therefore called
Cryptogamae or those with Hidden reproductive
organs.
19.
20. This group is called Amphibians of the plant Kingdom.
This group is commonly differentiated to form stem
and leaf-like structure.
This group do not have tissue for conduction of water
and other substance from one part to another part of
the body.
Their reproductive organs is hidden or Cryptogamae.
21.
22. This group is commonly differentiated to form stem,
root and leaves and it has tissues for conduction of
water and other substances from one part to another
part.
Their reproductive organs is hidden or Cryptogamae.
23. And those animals who has well differentiated reproductive organs is called
Phanerogams. And they are dived further into naked or enclosed in fruits.
24. Gymnosperms is made up of two Greek words:
Gymno –naked and sperms –seed.
This groups plants bear naked Seeds and they are
perennial(living more than two or more
years),evergreen and woody.
25.
26. Angiosperms is made up of two Greek words:
Angio – covered and sperma – seeds.
This group seeds develop inside an organ which became as
fruit & they are also called flowering plant.
Plant embryos in seeds have structures called Cotyledons.
Cotyledons are called ‘seed leaves’ because in many
instances they emerge and became green when the seed
germinates.
Angiosperms are divided into two parts. If there is only one
cotyledons present in it is called Monocotyledonous or
monocots.
If there is only two cotyledons presents in it called Dicots.
28. Plants
Do not have differentiated plant body
Have differentiated plant body
Thallophyta
Without specialised vascular tissue
With vascular tissue
Bryophyta
Do not produce Seed
Pteridophyta
Plantae
Produce Seed -Phanerogams
Bear naked seeds
Gymnosperms
Have seeds with two cotyledon
Dicots
Bear seeds inside fruits
Angiosperms
Have seeds with one cotyledon
Monocots
29. Animalia is divided into many parts
1.Porifera
7.Mollusca
2.Coelenterata
8.Echinodermata
3.Platyhelminthes
9.Protochordata
4.Nematoda
10.Vertebrata
5.Annelida
6.Arthropoda
30. Porifera means –Organisms with holes.
They are non motile – attached to some solid support .
They are commonly found in marine or water.
There are holes all over the body these led to canal
system that helps in circuiting the water all over the
body that helps in bringing oxygen and food to body.
These animals are covered with outside layer or
skeleton.
There is minimal differentiated body design and
division into tissue.
31.
32. This group animals live in water.
They show more body design than Porifera .
There is cavity in body.
There is two layers of skin :One is inside the body and
second is outside the body.
Some animals of this group live in groups (colonies)
while some live in single.
Some have solitary like spa (Hydra) live single.
34. Body design is more differentiation than Porifera and
coelenterate.
The body is Bilaterally symmetrical –left and right
halves of the body is same.
There are three layers of cells in which tissues can be
formed is called Triploblastic.
They do not have true cavity or coelom in which well
developed organs be accommodated.
Their body is flattened.
They are also called Flatworms.
They are free living or parasitic.
35.
36. The body is bilaterally symmetrical & Triploblastic.
Their body is Cylindrical not flattened.
There are tissues but no real organs and they have
cavity.
These worms causes some diseases like Elephantiasis
causing intestines diseases.
37.
38. The body is bilaterally symmetrical & Triploblastic.
But they have true body cavity and this allows organs
to be packed.
These animals are segmented – Segments lined up
from head to tale.
These animals are mainly found in the Fresh water and
marine water as well as land.
39.
40. Arthropod means Jointed legs.
This is the largest group of animal.
The body is bilaterally symmetrical & Triploblastic.
They have open circulatory system so that blood does
not flow in well defined path.
This animal have cavity filled with blood.
41.
42. The body is bilaterally symmetrical.
Their cavity is reduced and there is little segmented.
They have open circulatory system and kidney for
excretion.
This body has foots for moving around.
43.
44. Echinodermata is divided into two Greek words.
Echinos – Hedgehog & derma – Skin.
They have spiny skinned organisms.
They are free living Marine organisms.
They are triploblastic & they have cavity.
They have peculiar water driven tube system for
moving around &they have calcium carbonate
structures which they as Skelton.
45.
46. The body is bilaterally symmetrical Triploblastic &
have cavity.
They have new feature of body design (i.e.) Notochord
during some stage of life.
Notochord is a long rod like support structures that
runs along the back of the animal separating the
nervous tissue form the gut &it provides a place for
muscles to attach for ease of movement.
They have proper protochordates during some stages
of their life's .
Mainly Protochordates are marine animal.
48. They have true vertebral column and internal skeleton
allowing complete different movement.
The body is bilaterally symmetrical Triploblastic &
segmented.
They have differentiated body design and tissues.
Here all chordates have same features . They have
notochord and a dorsal nerve cord.
They are triploblastic & have paired gills pouches.
They have coelomate.
Vertebrata in divided into five parts.
49. Pisces are fish & they are aquatic animals.
Their skin is covered with scale plates & they take
dissolved oxygen from water by gills.
The body is streamlined have muscular tail for
movement &their body is cold blooded &have only two
chamber.
They lay eggs.
There are many type of fish like skeleton made fully
made of cartilage such as sharks.
50.
51. They do not have scales but have mucus glands in the
skin &they have three chambers heart.
They can take respiration through gills or lungs & they
lay eggs.
We can find in water as well as water.
52.
53. These animals are cold blooded & have scales.
They breathe in lungs & most animal have four heart
chambers .
They lay eggs made up of tough covering and do not
need to lay eggs in water unlike amphibians.
54.
55. They are warm blooded animals and have a four
chambered heart & lay eggs.
There is an outside covering of feathers and two
forelimbs are modified for flight but they breath
through lungs.
All Birds fall in this category.
56.
57. Mammalia are warm blooded animals & have four
heart chambers.
They have mammary glands for the production of milk
to nourish their young and their skins has hair with
sweet and oil glands.
This animals produced their young ones like
kangaroos give birth to very poorly developed young
ones.
58.
59. Animals
Cellular level of organisation
Tissues level of organisation
Porifera
No body cavity between
epidermis & gartrodermis
Pseudocoelom
Colomate
Nematoda
Coelenterata,
Platyhelminthes
Mesodermal cells from a
single cell during growth
of the embryo
Annelid, Mollusca,
Arthropoda
Coleom formed from
pounches pinched off from
the endoderm
No notochord
Echinodermata
Notochord present
Chordata
60. Notochord present
in at least larval
forms, but very
rudimentary
Notochord replaced
by vertebral column
in adults
Protochordata
Exoskeleton of
scales, endoskel
eton of
bone/cartilage
breathing
through gills
Gills in
larva, lungs
in most
adults,
slimy skin
Exoskeleton
of
scales, layin
g eggs
outside
water
Pisces
Amphibia
Reptilia
Vertebrata
Exoskeleton of
feathers, lay
eggs outside
water, fight
possible
Aves
Exoskeleton
of hair,
external ears,
mostly giving
birth
Mammalia
