bioconversion of paper and tannery effluents
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This document discusses bioconversion of paper, pulp, and tannery effluents. It describes the papermaking process and pollutants generated from different stages. Treatment methods include internal processes to reduce waste and external primary, secondary, and tertiary treatments. The document also discusses converting paper waste into wormcast through microorganism and earthworm action, and into lactic acid and ethanol through acid hydrolysis and yeast fermentation. For tanneries, it outlines the leather processing steps and chemicals used, and characteristics of wastewater. Methods covered include vermicomposting of solid wastes and biosorption of chromium and degradation of pentachlorophenol by microorganisms to produce a tanning cake
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The document summarizes the various processes involved in cotton, synthetic, and wool textile processing and their associated wastewater characteristics. It describes the steps in cotton processing like desizing, scouring, bleaching, mercerization, dyeing, and printing. It provides details on the pH, BOD, COD, TDS, and other parameters of wastewater from each process. Synthetic and wool processing steps are also outlined along with their typical effluent characteristics.
Effluent treatment process
This presentation deals about the basic idea sharing of effluent treatment process for textile industry.
14-Pulp-and-Paper.pdf
This document discusses environmental standards and wastewater discharge standards for pulp and paper mills. It describes the pulp making and paper production processes, sources of waste, and characteristics of the wastewater. Large mills that practice chemical recovery have lower pollution levels compared to small mills. Treatment methods discussed include lime treatment, biological treatments like activated sludge and lagoons, and the goal is high removal of BOD, COD, color and other pollutants before discharging to surface waters.
23ewrtytrewertytrewertyuytrertyuytrertyuytr4.docx
The document discusses treatment processes for textile effluent. It begins by outlining the various pollutants found in textile effluent, including organic matter, inorganic matter, dissolved solids, suspended solids, dyes, chemicals, and metal toxicants. It then describes the primary, secondary, and tertiary stages of effluent treatment which involve removing solids, organic matter, and additional pollutants. Specific treatment methods discussed include screening, sedimentation, equalization, neutralization, coagulation, biological processes like aerated lagoons and activated sludge, and tertiary processes like evaporation, reverse osmosis, and chemical precipitation. The document concludes with standards for treated effluent
Treatment of tannery wastewater . susan
This document discusses the treatment of tannery wastewater. Tannery wastewater is characterized by high levels of organic matter, sulfides, and heavy metals like chromium. The treatment regime involves a combination of physical, chemical, and biological processes. This includes processes like hair recovery, chrome recovery, screening, flocculation, sedimentation, and biological treatments using aeration or lagoon systems. The goal is to reduce pollutant levels and produce an effluent that can be safely discharged or reused.
Tannery industry (BE C)
The document discusses the tannery industry process and waste water treatment. It describes the various stages of tanning including preparatory, tanning, and surface coating stages. It outlines the sources and characteristics of waste water generated at different stages. It then summarizes various treatment schemes that can be used including solids removal, biodegradable organics removal through activated sludge or trickling filter processes, and specialized treatment for other pollutants like acids, alkalis, oils, grease, and chromium. It notes that while in-process measures can reduce water usage and pollution, end-of-pipe treatment is still needed to further treat any waste water from tanneries.
EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT For PHARMA INDUSTRY
For Environment Protection against harmful emisison and aquatic life, It is necessary to implement the standard in order to control the Chemcial Oxygen demand, Biological oxygen demand, Total suspended solid, Total dissolved solid, Oil & Greece Etc.
Study of waste water, discharged from tannery (3)
The document discusses the process of tannery industry and waste generation points. It describes the various stages of hide/skin preparation including soaking, liming, unhairing, splitting, and deliming. The tanning and crusting stages chemically treat the hide to make it stable and flexible. Surface coatings may be applied for finishing. Maximum waste is generated during soaking, unhairing, fleshing, splitting, trimming, bleaching, and bating. The waste water characteristics are provided and treatment schemes discussed including activated sludge and trickling filters. New innovative technologies can more effectively and efficiently treat tannery effluent with lower costs.
Paper industry .pptx
Paper industry Presentation
Things you want to include in this Presentation.
This presentation includes:
Paper History
Paper Making in China
Paper Making in Japan
Paper Making in Arabs
Paper Making in Europe
Definition of Paper
Requirement for Paper Making Industry
Manufacturing Method
Flow Chart of NSSC Paper Making Industry
Process For Paper Manufacturing
Application of Papers
Types of Paper
Energy Usage in Paper Making industry
Waste Generation Points
Air Pollution
Sources of Waste Water
Pollutants in Effluents
Treatment of Pulp and Paper Mill Waste
Recovery Process
Biological Treatment By Stabilization Ponds
Polymer induced Flocculation
Environmental Problem
How To Protect our Environment From
Hazardous of Paper industry
Organic Solvent Pulping
Acid Pulping
Biopulping
Elemental Chlorine Free (ECF) Bleaching
Management and disposal of solid wastes
Anaerobic Digestion
Composting
Steam Reforming
Wet Oxidation
Treatment of gas emissions
“How is the paper industry planning to reduce its carbon footprint?”
Recycling of Paper
Tanning industry waste
Tanning is the process of converting animal hides and skins into leather through chemical treatments. This document describes the tanning process and the tannery industry in Bangalore, India. It discusses the types of chemicals used in tanning, the characteristics of tannery wastewater, and the treatment methods used, including physical separation processes, chemical coagulation and flocculation, sedimentation, biological treatments, and sludge management. The major tannery area in Bangalore is located on Tannery Road, which has around 700 leather shops.
Nitrification of Complex Effluent
Nitrification of Complex Effluent containing Toxic Substances generating from Agro Chemicals, Pharmaceuticals, Organic Chemicals , Petro Refinery industries. MBBR/IFAS System based on Levapor Carriers provided stable nitrification over a wide range of toxicity, salinity and complex COD structure
Dye and dye intermediates
The dyestuff sector is one of the important segments of the chemicals industry in India, linked with a variety of sectors like textiles, leather, paper, plastics, printing inks and foodstuffs.
Unit operations and process involved in manufacturing of dyes and dye intermediates, wastewater characteristics of dyes and dye intermediates, effluent discharge standards, treatment technology for dye and dye intermediates, solid waste generation and Gaseous emissions.
Waste water treatment
The document discusses waste water treatment and disposal of effluents from the textile industry. It describes the nature and sources of effluents, including dyes and auxiliaries washed off during manufacturing. Primary treatment involves screening, sedimentation, equalization and neutralization to remove solids and adjust pH. Secondary biological treatment uses aerobic processes like activated sludge or anaerobic digestion to reduce BOD. Tertiary treatments target non-biodegradable pollutants through various chemical, physical and membrane processes. The textile industry generates various categories of waste requiring different treatment approaches.
ETP.pdf
Effluent Treatment Plant
What is ETP
Need fo ETP
Design of ETP
Design of ETP
Sludge treatment process
Flowchart of ETP
Case study of ETP
ETP plant operation
Textile plant ETP
Equalization
Sedimentation
Settlers
Sludge treatment process
Flowchart of ETP
Case study of ETP
ETP plant operation
Textile plant ETP
Equalization
Sedimentation
Settlers
PH adjustment
Lecture 1 ETP Textile_verII.pdf
An ETP (Effluent Treatment Plant) treats industrial wastewater to allow for reuse or safe disposal. It involves preliminary, primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment levels using physical, chemical, and biological processes. A textile factory ETP was presented as a case study. It screens and equalizes wastewater before pH adjustment, coagulation/flocculation, aeration for BOD/COD reduction, clarification, and sludge thickening. Part of the sludge is returned to the aeration tank to utilize bacteria while the treated effluent and remaining sludge are discharged. The ETP aims to meet permissible standards for wastewater disposal into inland surface waters.
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bioconversion of paper and tannery effluents
- 1. BIOCONVERSION OF PAPER, PULP AND TANNERY EFFLUENTS Done by, P. MEENALOKSHINI II M.Sc Biochemistry
- 3. Steps involved in pulp and papermaking are: • Raw material- cleaning & pieces. • Separation of cellulose fibers from lignin & hemicellulose – pulping. Types- kraft ( NaOH NaSO4 ) & sulphite pulping ( sulphuric acid & Bisulphite ions ).
- 4. Google book
- 5. Google book
- 6. • Bleaching ( chlorine, hydrogen peroxide, oxygen, ozone etc) – remove residual lignin to make it white. http://2014.igem.org
- 8. Pollutants from various sources of pulp and paper making Wood preparation Suspended solids, BOD, dirt, grit, fibers etc. Digester house Resins, fatty acids, color, BOD, COD, AOX, VOCs Pulp washing High pH, BOD, COD, suspended solids, dark brown color Pulp bleaching Dissolved lignin, carbohydrates, color, COD, AOX, inorganic chlorine compounds, VOCs Paper making Organic compounds, inorganic dyes, COD, acetone etc.
- 9. Treatment technologies Internal treatment The principle objective of internal treatment are: reducing waste water volume, reducing consumption of energy, reducing the generation of various chemicals and solid wastes, inhibiting or eliminating the formation of toxic compounds. External treatment Primary treatment Secondary treatment Tertiary treatment
- 10. Google book
- 11. Bioconversion of paper waste into wormcast • Combined action of microorganism with detritivorous activity of earthworms promotes bioconversion. • Eisenia andrei • Pretreated paper mill sludges was turned mannually for 10 days. • Homogenized- air dried at room temperature.
- 12. Bioconversion of paper waste into lactic acid and ethanol • Effluents – acid hydrolysis- 30% sulphuric acid and neutralized with NaOH . Inoculated with saccharomyces cerevisiae – kept in shaker incubator(R T). Samples are removed periodically for 3,5 & 8days intervals. • Alcohol estimation- cerric ammonium nitrate method. • Lactic acid estimation- modified para hydroxy diphenyl method.
- 13. Google book
- 14. Tannery industry • Tanning is the process that converts a part of a once living animal( skins) into a non-rotting, soft and durable textiles called leather.
- 15. Leather process Chemicals used Curing & preservation Sodium chloride, pentachlorophenol Soaking, liming & unhiring Sodium sulphide, caustic soda, surfactants, milk of lime Deliming Ammonium chloride, ammonium sulphate Degreasing Alkyl phenyl ethoxylate Pre tanning Basic chrome sulphate Tanning/ retanning Mineral tannages/ retannages Fat liquoring Synthetic liqour, surfactants Finishing Cadmium, lead chrome, nitrocellulose, water proofing agents.
- 16. Tannery wastewater are characterized by DISCONTINUITY (LARGE FLOW VARIATIONS DURING THE DAY) HIGH ORGANIC POLLUTANT LOAD (BOD, COD) HIGH CONTENT SOLID SUBSTANCES (SETTELABLE AND SUSPENDED SOLIDS) PRESENCE OF TOXIC SUSTANCES (SULPHIDES, AMMONIA AND CHROME)
- 17. Vermicomposting of solid wastes from leather industries • Eisenia foetida is used. • Mixture turned over for 15days after which earthworms are introduced. • Kept in dark. • Collected.
- 18. Bioconversion of chromium and pentachlorophenol in tannery effluents by microorganisms • Biosorption of chromium by Aspergillus niger and degradation of pentachlorophenol by acinetobacter sp. • Through this process ‘tanning cake’ was prepared which is better substitute of raw chromium used for tanning in leather mills.
- 19. Role of microorganisms in bioconversion • Microbial biotransformation- transformation of organic compound by microbes. • These microbes- provides-enzymes. • Microbes-high rate of metabolism- transformation of added substrate. • Microbes-high growth rate. • Microbes- high surface volume ratio.
- 20. Thank you