The textile industry is one of the important industries which generates large amount of industrial effluents each year causing the main source of water pollution which is not only harmful for aquatic life but also mutagenic to human. It cause negative impact on environment as well as human beings.

1. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur
DYES : Environmental Impact and
Remediation
Presented by-
Nishat Fatima
Research Scholar
Environmental Science

2. CONTENTS
Introduction of Dyes
Types of Dyes
Industrial Applications
Environmental Impacts of Dyes
Graphical representation of effect of Dyes
Remediation measures
Conclusion

3. Introduction of Dyes
A natural or synthetic substances used to add a color to change the color
of something . Such substances with considerable coloring capacity are
widely employed in the production of consumer products, including
paints, textile , printing inks, pharmaceutical, food, cosmetics, plastics,
photographic and paper industries.

4. Types of Dyes
• Natural dyes
• Synthetic dyes
• Food dyes
• Organic dyes
• Other dyes like leather, laser
And also based on chemical classification with respect to the
number and production volumes, Azo dyes are the largest group
of colorants, constituting 60-70% of all organic dyes produced in
the world.

5. Natural Dyes

6. Industrial Applications
Textile Industry
• The textile industry is accountable
for using and producing 1.3 million
tons of dyes and pigments, most of
which are made synthetically.
• It is one of the largest sectors
globally and astonishing 60 billion
kilogram of fabrics annually, using
up to 9 trillion of water.
Printing Ink
• Ink is a liquid or paste that contains
pigments or dyes and is used to color
a surface to produce an image,text,or
design .
• Heavy metals in the colorants used in
printing industry has severe effects
on the environment.

7. Environmental Impacts
AIR POLLUTION-
• Most processes performed in textile mills produce atmospheric emissions. Gaseous
emissions have been identified as the second greatest pollution problem (after
effluent quality) for the textile industry.
• Air pollution is the most difficult type of pollution to sample, test, and quantify in an
adult.

8. WATER POLLUTION-
• The waste water from textiles plants is classified as the most polluting of all the
industrial sectors, considering the volume generated as well as the effluent
composition.
• Dyes can remain in the environment for an extended period of time, because of
high thermal and photo stability to resist bio-degradation.

9. Harmful Effects Of Dyes
 Dyes absorb and reflect sunlight in water. This diminishes photosynthetic activity
of algae and seriously influences the food chain.
 Many dyes and their breakdown products are carcinogenic, mutagenic and toxic to
life.
 Triple primary cancers involving skin , kidney, urinary bladder and liver of dye
workers have been reported. And can cause allergies such as contact dermatitis and
respiratory diseases etc.

10. Effects of Dye effluents
Dye
effluents
Plants
Aquatic
animals
Human
beings
Environ
ment
 Decreases soil quality
 Affects plant growth
 Interrupt Photosynthesis activity
 Increased level of danger to
life of aquatic animals
 Hazardous diseases
 Carcinogenic
 Increase aqueous
toxicity, COD and
BOD.

11. Textile dyeing industry an Environmental hazards

12. Remediation Measures
Enhance the existing effluent disposal treatment plants through
Reverse Osmosis (RO) and the resultant water can be used as fresh
water for the region.
Installed Cleaner Production Technologies (CPT)
Use of activated carbon.
Dye fed silk worms take silk farming to next level.
Air dyeing Technology.
Ultrasound-assisted textile dyeing.

13. Activated Carbon Air dyeing Technology
Dye fed silk worms take silk farming to next level

14. CONCLUSION
An alternative to minimize the problems related to the treatment of textile
effluents would be the development of more effective dye that can be
fixed fiber with higher efficiency decreasing losses on trailing waters and
reducing the amount of dye required in the dyeing process.
Moral outrage will not convince many leading manufactures to change
their ways, as long as companies do not pay a price for the land and water
their suppliers poison, the excessive use and abuse of environmental
parameters like air and water to dye products will continue.

15. THANKYOU