Biochemistry of seed germination.ppt
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This document discusses the biochemistry of seed germination. It describes the key stages and events of germination, including pre-germination where seeds rehydrate and metabolism increases, germination where seeds rupture and seedlings emerge, and post-germination where cell growth and transport occurs. It also details the triphasic water uptake by seeds and the role of gibberellins and enzymes like alpha-amylase in breaking down stored starches to fuel seedling growth. Finally, it outlines the stages leading to cell division during germination, from mitochondrial respiration to protein and DNA synthesis.
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- 1. LOGO “ Add your company slogan ” BIOCHEMISTRY OF SEED GERMINATION Prepared by Dr. K. Vanangamudi Formerly Dean (Agriculture), AC & RI, Coimbatore, Dean, Adhiparashakthi Agricultural College, Kalavai, Professor and Head - Seed Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
- 2. LOGO “ Add your company slogan ” BIOCHEMISTRY OF GERMINATION
- 3. GERMINATION EVENTS Stages EVENTS Pre- germination (a) Rehydration – imbibition of water. (b) RNA & protein synthesis stimulated. (c) Increased metabolism – increased respiration. (d) Hydrolysis (digestion) of food reserves by enzymes. (e) Changes in cell ultrastructure. Germination (a) Rupture of seed coat. (b) Emergence of seedling, usually radicle first. Post - germination (a) Induction of cell division & cell growth. (b) Controlled growth of root and shoot axis. (c) Controlled transport of materials from food stores to growing axis. (d) Senescence (aging) of food storage tissues. 1/12/2023 3
- 4. WATER UPTAKE BY A SEED Triphasic Phase I : A rapid initial uptake (imbibition) Phase II : A plateau phase (metabolic preparation for germination) Phase III : Further increase in water uptake which occurs directly after germination is completed. Phase III water uptake causes hydraulic growth of the embryo and the emerged seedling. ABA inhibits phase III water uptake
- 6. 2 The aleurone responds by synthesizing and secreting digestive enzymes that hydrolyze stored nutrients in the endosperm. One example is -amylase, which hydrolyzes starch. Aleurone Endosperm Water Scutellum (cotyledon) GA GA -amylase Radicle Sugar 1 After a seed imbibes water, the embryo releases gibberellin (GA) as a signal to the aleurone, the thin outer layer of the endosperm. 3 Sugars and other nutrients absorbed from the endosperm by the scutellum (cotyledon) are consumed during growth of the embryo into a seedling.
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- 8. ENZYME ACTIVATION- Stages leading to cell division Mitchondria reconstituted Soluble sugars Respiration Initially anaerobic Later aerobic ATP RNA activated Polysomes Protein synthesis (0.5h) Enzymes (proteins) Mitosis (70h) DNA synthesis (45h)
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