This document proposes several innovative methods for conserving water and nutrients for plants using biochar. These include rootigation, sapigation, floatigation, and sewagegation. Rootigation involves applying biochar compost around plant roots or attaching biochar pouches to roots to absorb water and nutrients. Sapigation exposes plant sapwood and applies biochar to absorb water and nutrients delivered through drip irrigation. Floatigation grows plants on floats on water trays where biochar aids capillary water absorption. Sewagegation filters sewage through biochar, sand and gravel to provide clean irrigation water. The methods aim to reduce water and nutrient losses by more efficiently delivering resources absorbed by biochar to plants.
Recycling isn’t restricted to mercury or plastic. Watch this slide show to learn how to recycle natural materials found in places like your lawn or garden.
Aardoom Tuinontwerp & Design zorgt binnen de Aardoom Groep voor de realisatie van heldere adviezen en ontwerpplannen. De eerste stap in de planontwikkeling voor uw buitenruimte zet u zelf, door aan te geven hoe uw wensen er in essentie uitzien. Wilt u bestaande elementen geïntegreerd zien in een nieuw ontwerp, of moet de complete indeling over een andere boeg? U zegt het maar.
Recycling isn’t restricted to mercury or plastic. Watch this slide show to learn how to recycle natural materials found in places like your lawn or garden.
Aardoom Tuinontwerp & Design zorgt binnen de Aardoom Groep voor de realisatie van heldere adviezen en ontwerpplannen. De eerste stap in de planontwikkeling voor uw buitenruimte zet u zelf, door aan te geven hoe uw wensen er in essentie uitzien. Wilt u bestaande elementen geïntegreerd zien in een nieuw ontwerp, of moet de complete indeling over een andere boeg? U zegt het maar.
Organic farm " Paradise area" deals with
growing Californian worms and production of
fertilizer, located in village Upper Zheleznitsa,
municipality Simitli. The farm is located on an
area of 2 acres, as the size of the beds is
currently 1000 square meters.The
Agriculture started thousands of years ago, but no one knows for sure how old it is.[1] The development of farming gave rise to the Neolithic Revolution whereby people gave up nomadic hunting and became settlers in what became cities.
Solid Waste Management in Ferns Paradise - A Gated Community near Marthahalli...ApnaComplex
Presentation on Solid Waste Management Practices in Ferns Paradise - a gated community of around 340 plots.
Ferns Paradise has been practicing Solid Waste Management practices long before it was made mandatory by BBMP.
Ferns Paradise uses ApnaComplex.com to manage the administration and finances of their society.
Organic farm " Paradise area" deals with
growing Californian worms and production of
fertilizer, located in village Upper Zheleznitsa,
municipality Simitli. The farm is located on an
area of 2 acres, as the size of the beds is
currently 1000 square meters.The
Agriculture started thousands of years ago, but no one knows for sure how old it is.[1] The development of farming gave rise to the Neolithic Revolution whereby people gave up nomadic hunting and became settlers in what became cities.
Solid Waste Management in Ferns Paradise - A Gated Community near Marthahalli...ApnaComplex
Presentation on Solid Waste Management Practices in Ferns Paradise - a gated community of around 340 plots.
Ferns Paradise has been practicing Solid Waste Management practices long before it was made mandatory by BBMP.
Ferns Paradise uses ApnaComplex.com to manage the administration and finances of their society.
TURNING ORGANIC WASTE INTO ORGANIC BIOFERTILIZER MicrobeBiomicrobebio
MICROBEBIO started this project with a simple goal - eliminates the need for trash incineration and landfilling by turning organic waste into organic bio-fertilizer
food waste disposal is an important operation in food manufacturing industries for sanitation. Effluent treatment plants are used in industries for the waste water treatment.
1.INTRODUCTION
2.COMPONENTS
3.NEED OF
ORGANIC FARMING
4.CONCEPT OF
ORGANIC FARMING
5.ADVANTAGES OF
ORGANIC FARMING
6.CONVENTIONAL
VS
ORGANIC FARMING
7.PROBLEMS WITH
CONVENTIONAL FARMING
8.TECHNIQUES IN
ORGANIC FARMING
9.Composting
......................and much more
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Salas, V. (2024) "John of St. Thomas (Poinsot) on the Science of Sacred Theol...Studia Poinsotiana
I Introduction
II Subalternation and Theology
III Theology and Dogmatic Declarations
IV The Mixed Principles of Theology
V Virtual Revelation: The Unity of Theology
VI Theology as a Natural Science
VII Theology’s Certitude
VIII Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
All the contents are fully attributable to the author, Doctor Victor Salas. Should you wish to get this text republished, get in touch with the author or the editorial committee of the Studia Poinsotiana. Insofar as possible, we will be happy to broker your contact.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
9. SPIRITUAL
CULTURAL
BELIEFS
RITUALS
FESTIVALS
CREMATIO
N
ALTARS
TERMITES /
ANTS
REPULSION
EARTHWO
RMS
INCREASE
GOOD
STOVES
•TLUDs
•Other
stoves
SOURCES
(BIOMASS)
CROP
RESIDUE
POULTRY
LITTER
WASTE
MANAGEM
ENT
•Sludge
FOOD PRESERV
PRACTICES
ING
FOOD
CLEANIN
G
MEDICIN
E
MATTRE
SS
TOOTH
POWDER
AIR
QUALITY
• CO2 /
CH4
WATER
TREATM
ENT
AQUARI
UM /
TERRARI
UMS
BIOCHAR
URINALS
BIOCHAR
BRICKS
SOAK
PITS
FILTERIN
G MEDIA
INSECT
REPELLE
NT
INCREASED
PRODUCTI
ON
SOIL
AMENDMENT
SOIL
TEMPERAT
URE
REGULATE
D
MOISTURE
RETENTION
WATER
CONSERVA
TION
NITROGEN
/
PHOSPHOR
OUS
RETENTION
NURSERIES
PESTICIDES
ADBSORBTI
ON
SOIL
MICROBES
DENSITY
INCREASE
BIOCHAR
COMPOST
CARBON
SEQUESTR
ATION
POULTRY -
CH4
REDUCTION
ANIMALS
LIVESTOCK -
URINE AND
DUNG
FYM /
COMPOST
BIOMASS
BIOCH
AR
ENERG
Y
Dr. N. Sai Bhaskar Reddy, GEO
http://e-geo.org | http://biocharculture.com
10.
11. SOIL
BIOCHAR
BIOCHAR
COMPOST
AGRICUTURE
PADDY
METHANE
EMISSIONS
REDUCTION
PESTICIDE &
COMPLEX
CHEMICALS
AFFECTS
MITIGATION
EMMISIONS
REDUCTION
FROM FARM
YARD
MANURES AND
COMPOSTS
CROP RESIDUE
MANAGEMENT
ANIMALS
APPLICATION IN
ANIMAL PLACES
TO TAP URINE,
SANITATION
AND
EMISSIONS
REDUCTION
RUMINANT
ANIMALS
METHANE
EMISSIONS
REDUCTION AS
FEED ADDITIVE
SOAKING IN
WITH ANIMALS
URINE AND
EXCRETA -
VALUE
ADDITION
ENERGY
SOURCE FROM
EFFICIENT TLUD
COOK STOVES
AS BY PRODUCT
FROM GASIFIER
STOVES,
BOILERS ETC
CHARCOAL
PRODUCTION
FROM BIOMASS
/ WASTE
MANAGEMENT
HABITAT
BIOCHAR
BRICKS
BIOCHAR IN
AQUARIUMS
BIOCHAR IN
POULTRY
FARMS
BIOCHAR IN
FRIDGES,
MATTRESSES,
ETC.
SANITATION
BIOCHAR
URINALS
BIOCHAR
TOILETS
BIOCHAR IN
CATTLE SHEDS
CLEANING
PLATES /
UTENSILS
BATHING
HEALTH
CLEANING
TEETH
BIOCHAR
TABLETS
BIOCHAR IN
FOOD AS PART
OF FOOD
PREPARATIONS
WATER
WATER
PURIFICATION –
COLOR, ODOR,
REMOVAL OF
HARMFUL
ELEMENTS, ETC.
RITUAL /
SPIRITUAL /
RELIGIOUS /
PRACTICES
FIRE / ALTAR /
YAGNAS /
AGNIHOTRA
FIRE DURING
FESTIVALS
CREMATIONS
NATURAL /
ARTIFICIAL
FIRES IN
FORESTS /
FIELDS, ETC.
12. Biocharculture Adaptation benefits
Securing the crop from
drought and climate
variabiiity
Reclaim the degraded
soils,
water conservation,
Lessen the impact of
hazardous pesticides
and complex chemicals
& to reduce plant
uptake.
reducing emissions and
increasing the
sequestration of
greenhouse gases
Conversion of cotton
stalks into Biochar an
option and address
carbon sequestration
Increase in crop yield
increases in C, N, pH,
and available P to the
plants
Impacts of Biochar last
more than 1000 years.
13.
14. • Agriculture productivity increase
• Low input agriculture Natural
• Local jobs and equity
• Local enterprises Social
• Least skills
• Biocharculture Human
• Local technologies
• Low energy Physical
• Low carbon economy
• Low cost Financial
• Carbon sequestration and energy security
• Mitigation and adaptation to climate change Environment
15. SOURCES OF BIOMASS FOR BIOCHAR
CROP RESIDUE (800 million tons of biomass
burnt)
COTTON STALKS (22.3 million tons generated)
PROSOPIS JULIFLORA
RICE HUSK
OTHER BIOMASS
16. Plants
Biochar
Stoves
Soil Fertility
Carbon Sequestration
Emission reduction
Water conservation
Carbon as biochar
Water and fertilizers conservation
Carbon sequestration
Energy
Emissions reduction
Biomass conservation
Biochar as byproduct
20. Major challenges
Climate change -
variability -
extremes
Soil fertility Water
management
Impact of
hazardous
pesticides and
nitrogen fertilizers
Burning of crop
residue
Alkalinity of soils
21.
22. Advantages of Biochar Urban Gardens
Sink for CO2 and contribution to climate change mitigation.
Converting dry waste into biochar using biochar stoves and utilizing the energy.
http://goodstove.com
Efficient solid waste management
Insulation to the roof
Entertainment and cultural activity space
Social gathering
Conducting meetings and workshops
Health walk ways
A great place for exercise and mental peace.
Aesthetics
46. Advantages of Biochar Urban Gardens
These are low cost solutions for efficient use of urban spaces.
Complement food needs by growing food.
Fresh and nutritious food is available close to habitation
Economic savings through access to self grown food
Utilization of waste for creating biochar compost.
Carbon sequestration through biochar use.
Emissions reduction, improved soil fertility and management, efficient use of water and
conservation, increased soil microbial density, micorhazea (fungus), etc.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52. {…innovative means of conserving water and nutrients given to plants…}
BIOCHAR AND PLANTS
ROOTIGATION
SAPIGATION
FLOATIGATION
SEWAGIGATION
53. BIOCHAR ROOTIGATION 1
Waterproof liquid spray
Biochar
A circular pit is prepared
around the plant without
damaging the roots. Part of
the soil in the pit would be
covered with polyethylene or
biodegradable wax sprayed /
covered with any water proof
and durable material and then
biochar compost would be
applied.
Dr. N. Sai Bhaskar Reddy
saibhaskarnakka@gmail.com
54. W
A
T
E
R
WATER & NUTRIENTS
BIOCHAR ROOTIGATION 2
Dr. N. Sai Bhaskar Reddy
saibhaskarnakka@gmail.com
Small Pouches of biochar compost would be attached to the roots of a
plant. These can be made of any material, preferably a durable material
which can expand. Water (including fertilizers) is taken by the plant by
drip irrigation system
55. WAT
ER
WATER & NUTRIENTS
BIOCHAR ROOTIGATION 2
Dr. N. Sai Bhaskar Reddy
saibhaskarnakka@gmail.com
56. BIOCHAR ROOTIGATION 2 with grafted root (Rootrootgraft)
W
A
T
E
R
WATER & NUTRIENTS
Dr. N. Sai Bhaskar Reddy
saibhaskarnakka@gmail.com
Rootroot Graft
Grafting a root
of a plant with
another root
of similar or
different
species
Small Pouches of biochar compost would be attached to the roots of a
plant. These can be made of any material, preferably a durable material
which can expand. Water (including fertilizers) is taken by the plant by
drip irrigation system
57. BIOCHAR SAPIGATION
Biochar
Sap wood is exposed linearly and a layer
of sterile biochar powder is applied and
tied with a muslin cloth into which the
water and fertilizers (diluted) would be
given to the plant.
By using the drip irrigation system,
water is given slowly, not wasted.
Fertilizers can be mixed in with the
water in diluted form, so that the plant
consumes them slowly, and roots are
not exposed to concentrations of
nutrients. This system benefits from
biochar's superior storage capacity and
affinity for water.
Water and fertilizers
Dr. N. Sai Bhaskar Reddy
saibhaskarnakka@gmail.com
58. BIOCHAR SAPIGATION with grafted root into
the sap wood (SAPROOTGRAFT)
Sap wood of a tree
grafted with root /s (of
same / similar / differeent
species).
Water loving roots (roots
which remain submerged
in water all the time) of a
species would be more
beneficial for grafting.
These roots will take
required amount of water
from the water pipe and
transfers to the plant.
Biochar would be used for
protecting the exposed
root
Dr. N. Sai Bhaskar Reddy
saibhaskarnakka@gmail.com
Biochar
Grafted root
Water and fertilizers
59. BIOCHAR SAPIGATION with the roots of
parasitic plants.
Water and fertilizers
Biochar
The roots of the parasitic plants could be
tamed by suppressing the growth of
parasitic plant for the benefit of the host
tree. These roots will be used for
sapigation.
Note: Research should be done further
to improve this method.
Usually the capacity of parasitic plants
for intake of moisture and nutrients is
very high. The rate of transfer of the
same to the host plant would be high.
Dr. N. Sai Bhaskar Reddy
saibhaskarnakka@gmail.com
roots of
parasitic
plants.
The
shoots are
suppresse
d
60. FLOATIGATION
Floatigation is growing plants on floats, where the water (including fertilizers)
are taken through capillary action. The plant absorbs the required quantity
of water aided by the capillary action of biochar. Water supply can be
adjusted by raising or lowering containers as required.
Plastic tray
water
Float
(Styrofoam)
Dr. N. Sai Bhaskar Reddy
saibhaskarnakka@gmail.com
61. Dr. N. Sai Bhaskar Reddy
saibhaskarnakka@gmail.com
62. Dr. N. Sai Bhaskar Reddy
saibhaskarnakka@gmail.com
65. “..these are innovative methods to reduce the loss of water and
fertilizers given to plants..”
Consider plants as sensitive, they need to be taken care because
we have domesticated them for our own benefit in the name of
agriculture. The treatment given to plants is “inplant” /
“inhuman”. (The term inplant is given to experss insensitivity
towards plants).
..throwing water on the ground and expecting the plant to
consume all the water without wastage is almost
impossible..the loss of water through percolation and
evaporation etc., is almost inevitable. As the plants have no
mobility and limited root system, we need to innovate and
implement good practices to support them..
Dr. N. Sai Bhaskar Reddy
saibhaskarnakka@gmail.com
Editor's Notes
The initiative for formation of charcoal production has been taken. The community is ready to form a society under the labor act.
The society would be formed based on the following objectives and activities:
To form a network of charcoal producers
To adopt the improved charcoal production technologies
To add value to the charcoal, sorting, Biochar compost, Biochar fertilizers, etc.
To market the charcoal themselves
To liaison with the relevant departments for marketing the produce
To facilitate the commons for charcoal production like, land, borewell, shelter, power, etc.
To plant more trees for availability for charcoal production
To insure all the charcoal producers, members of the society